Dr. Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in 48 successful ways of treating it.
“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was a lot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.
“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”
The data — for the year 2010 — follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.
Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization said depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.
The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.
41. A. concern 42. A. compared 43. A. objection 44. A. considered 45. A. For example 46. A. in regard of 47. A. probably
48. A. coming up with 49. A. severer 50. A. related 51. A. ingredients 52. A. remove 53. A. avoid 54. A. challenge 55. A. amount
B. issue B. combined B. access B. evaluated B. In addition B. in name of B. definitely B. making up B. heavier B. associated B. interactions B. recreate B. treat
B. agreement B. proportion
C. priority C. confused C. adaptation C. determined C. In other words C. in terms of C. significantly C. putting up with C. lighter C. relevant C. implications C. raise C. cure
C. prediction C. quantity
D. discussion D. contacted D. contribution D. ranked D. All in all D. in face of D. randomly D. consisting of D. lower D. close D. identities D. rise D. detect D. outcome D. population
Section B 22%
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Digital Etiquette (礼节)
Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with respect. It’s just as
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important in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.
Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online. When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users. On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And when all they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human being!
The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.
Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal communication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.
Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s personal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend — or a friend’s parents — don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!
56. According to the passage, the users of social media are advised A. to trigger arguments on message boards B. to behave online with common courtesy
C. to be respectful of others online rather than offline
D. to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible
.
57. Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible things in response to a blog post?
A. Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.
B. Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him. C. Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.
D. Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.
58. Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll be back in an hour?
A. B.
C.
D.
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59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online? A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online. B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.
C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures. D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.
(B)
Recycling at work - handy hints to employers It is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources. Setting up a company scheme Get everyone involved ? Arouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. ? Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation: ? Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. ? Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then see the impact their actions are having.
What to recycle and how Paper ? According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail. Plastic cups ? Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%! Electrical equipment ? Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities when Recycling at work - handy hints to employers it comes to replacing them.
60. What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?
A. Educational posters. B. Annual reports. C. Regular newsletters. D. Competition rules.
61. What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments? A. Disposable goods. B. Writing notes. C. Envelopes. D. Ceramic tableware.
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62. Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?
A. Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones.
B. Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrown away. C. One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recycling issue.
D. Educational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize the recycling scheme.
(C)
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.
The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they
will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?
What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配 置 ) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.
Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI are likely to perceive (感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
63. When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, A. it will make itself better and may go beyond human control B. it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical work C. it will threaten people by robbing them of jobs D. it will view itself as human race
.
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