Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas
▇ Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements according to the information contained in the listening passage.
1) One of the reasons for the annual increase in HIV infections is that____________.
A) people show little concern about HIV
B) no effective cure for AIDS has been found yet C) people are unaware of the danger of HIV D) there is no way to prevent HIV from spreading
2) The first reason given for AIDS education is _____________. A) to prevent new infections from taking place
B) to help people know where HIV infections may happen
C) to tell people how to protect themselves from HIV and AIDS
D) to tell people about the two processes of prevention from HIV infections 3) The second reason for AIDS education is _____________. A) to curb the HIV infection
B) to ask hospitals to offer more help
C) to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive people D) to give financial aid to AIDS patients
4) The third reason for AIDS education is _____________. A) to reduce the fear of HIV and AIDS B) to bring down the death rate of AIDS C) to prevent the spread of HIV
D) to protect HIV-positive people or AIDS patients 5) The purpose of the passage is ____________.
A) to explain why we should overcome the fear of AIDS B) to criticize schools for neglecting AIDS education
C) to prove that the danger of AIDS has been overstated (夸大) D) to give the reasons for AIDS education ▇ Answers: 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) D
Section C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details
5
▇ Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.
1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a
__________ _________ ____________. So education is important in ____________ _______ __________ of HIV.
2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people
________________ about HIV and the other is to teach people how to this information to and it practically.
3) HIV-positive people need to get ________________ and
___________ ___________. And they also need to find appropriate ________________ and ________________ support and help.
4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found
in ____________, where AIDS patients _________ __________ . ▇ Answers:
1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a “cure” for AIDS. So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.
2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people information about HIV and the other is to teach people how to put this information to use and act on it practically. 3) HIV positive people need to get medical services and drug supplies. And they also need to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help. 4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in India, where AIDS patients were burned to death_.
Script:
AIDS Education
Each year there are more and more new HIV infections. This shows that people either aren?t learning the message about the dangers of HIV, or are unable or unwilling to act on it. Many people are dangerously ignorant about the virus. A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a “cure” for AIDS. So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.
There are three main reasons for AIDS education, the first of which is to prevent new infections from taking place. This actually consists of two processes: first, giving people information about HIV — what HIV and AIDS are, how they are transmitted, and how people can protect themselves from infections; then teaching people how to put this information to use and act on it practically.
A second reason is to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive people. Too often, AIDS education is only aimed at how to curb the HIV infection. But the needs of HIV-positive people are often neglected. HIV-positive people have varying needs, but among them are the need to be able to get medical services and drug supplies and the need to be able to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help.
The third reason is to reduce fear. In many countries there is a great deal of fear
6
of people who are HIV-positive. In some extreme cases in India, AIDS patients were burned to death. Fear can only help AIDS to spread. You see, if people are fearful of being tested for HIV, then they are more likely to pass the infection to someone else without knowing it. So AIDS education benefits both AIDS patients and the rest of the community.
Part III Read and Explore Text A
Section A Discovering the Main Ideas
Exercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1) Why does the author describe Charles Winget and his wife in the first paragraph? 2) How would behavioral scientists explain the differences between Charles Winget
and his wife?
3) What are “circadian rhythms” according to Franz Halberg? 4) How does the study of chronobiology benefit people in general?
5) What approach has been developed to help a person recognize his body?s
patterns?
6) How should we arrange our mental and physical work according to the author? 7) What tips does chronobiology offer for effective dieting? 8) What tips for sleep problems are offered in the text?
▇ Answers for reference:
1) Because she intends to show that people?s bodies operate at different speeds.
2) Behavioral scientists would say that such differences were caused by personal
eccentricities or early conditioning.
3) According to Franz Halberg, circadian rhythms are the regular daily patterns of
our body. That is, our systems work on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes our body speeds up, and sometimes it slows down. It achieves peak efficiency for only a limited time each day.
4) Chronobiology tells people how to coordinate their activities with their biological
capacities so that they can achieve their best with the least effort.
5) Winget and his associates have developed a simple approach. It is to record 6
readings of a person?s temperature all through the day and put the readings on graph paper. The rising or falling patterns of the temperature can be recognized as his body?s patterns.
6) Physical work can be best done when our rhythms are at their peak. In most
people, this peak lasts about four hours. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By
7
contrast, reading and reflection are better done between 2 and 4 p.m., which is the time when body temperature usually begins to fall.
7) Eating breakfast rather than dinner helps to lose weight, because calories burn
faster in the morning than in the evening.
8) Three tips are offered. The first is that we should go to bed at the same time every
night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. The second is that the best way to recover from a bad night?s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. And the third tip is that we should beware of sleeping pills, as most sleeping pills won?t work for periods longer than two weeks and there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood.
Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into four parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.
Part Para(s). Main Idea One 1-4 Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks. Franz Halberg, a physician-biologist, discovered that there is a 25-hour cycle in the body with the body systems running with regular patterns. Halberg called these regular patterns “circadian rhythms.” Two 5-6 Circadian principles have already been used to schedule astronauts? work and it is expected that the work in chronobiology will be applied to increasing our efficiency in daily activities. Three 7-17 Taking the given approach to figure out our body?s patterns, we can then take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve our health and productivity in such aspects of life as our daily work, dieting, taking medicine and sleeping. Four 18 It is important to keep regularity in all aspects of our life and learn to act in synchronization with our body?s natural rhythms.
Section B In-Depth Study
Have you ever wondered why some times each day you achieve greater efficiency than other times, why you are aware more keenly of aches and pains, and why it is easier for you to fall asleep? Actually it’s all because your body’s time clock is at work.
Set Your Body’s Time Clock to Work for You
Barbara Rowes
1. As the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of California?s Silicon Valley,
8