LED光伏太阳能照明系统设计 - - 毕业设计

本科生毕业设计(论文)

辽 宁 工 业 大 学

毕 业 设 计(论文)

题目: LED光伏太阳能照明系统设计

院(系): 电气工程学院 专业班级: 电气091 学 号: 学生姓名: 指导教师:

2013年 6月18日

本科生毕业设计(论文)

摘 要

本文设计了一种具有时控和光控相结合的太阳能路灯控制器,利用单片机STC89C51和时钟芯片DS1302控制路灯照明时间,利用低功耗的数据存储器24C02存储路灯点亮和熄灭时间,利用光敏电阻实现光电控制。傍晚光线暗时控制器自动接通路灯电源,深夜行人少时根据设置的时间熄灭路灯,早上再自动接通电源点亮路灯、天亮后自动关断。文中详细分析了控制器的电路组成和工作原理,简述了控制器的调试过程。

太阳能路灯系统的控制器是整个路灯系统中充当管理者的关键部件,它的最大功能是对蓄电池进行全面的管理,防过充电控制,防过放电控制。过充控制,就是在蓄电池处于过充状态时断开充电电路,过放控制电路就是在蓄电池处于过放状态时断开放电电路。过充、过放控制都是为了保护蓄电池,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。

太阳能路灯由太阳能电池、蓄电池、高亮度LED, 控制器等部件组成,减少噪声污染:太阳能路灯运动部件很少,基本没有噪声。

关键词:太阳能电池;LED;铅酸蓄电池;时控、光控电路;充放电控制器

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本科生毕业设计(论文)

Abstract

This paper designed a solar street lamp controller with time control and light control combination, controling street lamp lighting time by using STC89C51 MCU and clock chip DS1302 ,using low power data storage to storage the time of lighting lamps and extinguished lamps,achieving photoelectric control by Photoresistor .In the evening when the light is dim street lamp controller automatically switch on the power, when the late night pedestrian less according to set time extinguished lamp, morning auto power on light, dawn after the automatic shutdown. The circuit and operational principle is detailed analysed in the paper and resume the debugging process of the controller.

Controller of solar street lighting system is a key component of the street lamp management system , it's biggest function is to manage the storage battery, prevent charging control, prevent excessive discharge control. Charge control, is in the battery is charging state is disconnected from the charging circuit, a control circuit is to disconnect discharging circuit when the storage battery is in the overdischarge state , prolong the service life of the battery.

Solar street lamp is composed of a solar battery, battery, high brightness LED, and other components, reducing noise pollution: solar street lamp has few moving parts, no noise.

Key words: solar battery; LED; lead-acid batteries; when the control; light control circuit; charge-discharge controller

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本科生毕业设计(论文)

目 录

第1章 绪 论 .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 太阳能照明的优点 ................................................................................... 1 1.2 太阳能照明发展的趋势 ........................................................................... 2 1.3 太阳能路灯与普通路灯比较 ................................................................... 3 第2章 设计方案论证 ............................................................................................ 5

2.1 设计思路及原则 ....................................................................................... 5 2.2 设计要求 ................................................................................................... 5 2.3 方案选择 ................................................................................................... 5 第3章 系统总体方案 ............................................................................................ 7

3.1 太阳能路灯照明系统基本组成 ............................................................... 7 3.2 太阳能路灯照明系统工作原理 ............................................................... 7 第4章 系统硬件设计 ............................................................................................ 9

4.1 照明负载 ................................................................................................... 9 4.2 太阳能电池板 ......................................................................................... 10

4.2.1 太阳能电池板组件 ...................................................................... 10 4.2.2 太阳能电池组件支架 .................................................................. 12 4.3 蓄电池 ..................................................................................................... 14

4.3.1 蓄电池原理及特性 ...................................................................... 14 4.3.2 蓄电池的种类和应用 .................................................................. 15 4.3.3 铅酸蓄电池的工作原理 .............................................................. 16 4.3.4 蓄电池充电 .................................................................................. 17 4.3.6 蓄电池给LED供电 ..................................................................... 18 4.4 蓄电池和太阳能板的选用 ..................................................................... 19 4.5 过充、过放控制电路 ............................................................................. 20 4.6 时钟显示电路结构及工作原理 ............................................................. 21 4.7 存储器AT24C02 ..................................................................................... 24 第5章 系统控制器设计 ...................................................................................... 27

5.1 控制器结构 ............................................................................................. 27 5.2 电压采集与电池管理 ............................................................................. 27 5.3 负载输出控制与检测电路 ..................................................................... 28

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