摘 要
随着大型和巨型楼宇的兴建,电梯得到了快速的发展。在电梯逻辑控制方面,由于可编程控制器(PLC)具有编程软件采用易学易懂的梯形图语言、控制灵活方便、抗干扰能力强、运行稳定可靠、易操作、维修方便等特点,使可编程控制器(PLC)已全面代替原来的继电器控制。 将可编程序控制器(PLC)应用于电梯进行逻辑控制，大大提高了电梯可 靠性、可维护性以及灵活性，延长了使用寿命.，同时缩短了电梯的开发周期。这种电梯控制系统较原有电梯控制系统可以更容易的完成更为复杂的控制任务，其许多功能是传统的继电器无法实现的。编程逻辑控制器（Programmable Logic Controller，PLC），它是一种专用于工业控制的计算机，其硬件结构基本上与微型计算机相同， 它采用一类可编程的存储器，用于其内部存储程序，执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数与算术操作等面向用户的指令，并通过数字或模拟式输入/输出控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。
围绕这个目标，本文首先介绍了电梯的基本结构，接着论述了各主要环节的控制部分以及控制要求，然后着重介绍了基于西门子S7-200 CPU224 PLC的电梯控制系统程序开发过程，最后通过实验装置反复调试运行以及仿真。
经测试仿真调试，该基于PLC的电梯控制系统实现了预期的功能，圆满完成了此次毕业设计的任务。通过这次锻炼，我积累了宝贵的经验，为以后的工作打下了良好的基础。 关键词：可编程控制器； 电梯控制； s7-200
Abstract
With the construction of large and giant buildings, elevators have been rapid developed. In the elevator logic control, programmable logic controller (PLC) whose programming software ladder language is easy to learn and easy to understand, with its feature of control flexibility, anti-interference ability, stable and reliable, easy to operate, easy to maintain , programmable controller (PLC) has been fully replace the original relay control. Its applied to the elevator logic control, greatly improved the elevator reliability, maintainability, and flexibility to extend the service life, while reducing the development cycle of the elevator. Compared with the original elevator control system , the elevator control system can complete more complex control tasks more easily, many of its functions can not be achieved by conventional relays. PLC, which is dedicated to the industrial control computer, the hardware structure is the same as microcomputer, it uses a programmable memory for its internally stored program, which can perform the logical, sequential control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations which are user-oriented , and control various types of machinery or production processes through digital or analog input / output control.
Around this goal, this design first introduces the basic structure of the elevator, and then discusses the major aspects of the control section, and control requirements, and then puts the emphasis on the elevator system based on Siemens S7-200 CPU224 PLC program development process, the final run is to through repeated
testing experimental setup as well as simulation.
Through the tested simulation run, the elevator system in the PLC program has achieved the desired function, I finished the graduation project tasks successfully. Through this exercise, I have accumulated valuable experience for future work and laid a good foundation for the future.
Keywords: control
programmable logic controller ；s7-200 ；elevator 目 录
1. 绪 论 .................................. 7
1.1课题研究的背景 ........................... 7 1.2电梯控制系统研究的现状 ................... 8 1.3 论文的主要内容 .......................... 9
2. 电梯物理模型的设计 ....................... 9
2.1电梯的构造 .............................. 10 2.2 电梯的运行特点 ......................... 12 2.3拖动电机及其门电机的接线控制电路 ........ 14 2.4 电梯控制方案的确定 ..................... 15 2.4.1 电梯继电器控制系统存在的问题 ................ 15 2.4.2 PLC控制系统的特点及其优越性 ................ 16
3. 硬件电路设计 ............................ 19
3.1 电梯控制系统设计思路 ................... 19 3.2 五层电梯控制要求分析 .................. 21 3.3 PLC选型 ................................ 23 3.3.1 PLC控制系统的I/O点数计算 ..................... 23 3.3.2 CPU及其扩展模块的选择 ............................ 24