I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解)
一、概述
高等学校英语应用能力B级考试听力理解内容以日常交际和简单的业务交际为主。日常交际包括课堂交流和日常交流(介绍、问候、感谢、致歉、道别、天气、学习、指路、爱好、饮食、健康等)。业务交际主要是指一般涉外活动(欢迎、送别、安排日程与活动、安排住宿、宴请、陪同购物、游览、就诊等)。词汇属于《基本要求》范围。以每分钟100词左右的语速,通过三种题型来检测学生是否掌握了一般的课堂交流技能,是否能够在日常生活和涉外业务活动中进行简单的交流。
二、题型介绍
Section A:问答题或完成对话。此部分共5道题,要求考生根据录音中一个英语问句或短句,从试卷上给出的四个选项中找出最恰当的答句,以完成场景中的短小交际。录音播放两遍。
Section B:对话理解题。此部分共5组简短的对话,对话之后提出问题,要求考生在理解对话内容的基础上从四个选项中选出最恰当的答案。录音播放两遍。
Section C:短文填空题。此部分通常为一段100词左右的语段,其中有5个单词或词组空着,要求考生根据录音将语段填写完整。录音播放三遍。
三、专项指导
(一)Section A问答题或完成对话
Section A的内容包括询问时间、意见或建议,询问健康、学习、工作等情况,还包括请求帮助以及日常生活中的吃饭、购物、打电话等场景的内容。其问句形式主要是疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。
一般疑问句多以系动词、助动词或情态动词开始,通常用“Yes”或“No”回答。如: —Are you going to buy a new bike? —Yes, I am.
特殊疑问句是用疑问词提问,如who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how等。如: —When can I take my winter vocation? —After January.
选择疑问句是说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的问句。回答时不用“Yes”或“No”,只需选择其中一个。如:
—Which do you like, tea or coffee? —Tea, please.
附加疑问句表示说话人对自己提出的想法和情况较有把握,或者问话的目的只是希望得到对方的赞同,通常用“Yes”或“No”来回答。如:
—The clock is slow, isn’t it?
—Yes, it is.
(二)Section B:对话理解题
Section B 的内容一般以日常交际为主,话题主要是介绍、问候、感谢、问路、天气、学习、爱好、健康等。其问题涉及的类型主要是:事实细节题、判断推理题、时间数字题、地点场景题、身份关系题。
事实细节题是直接就对话内容提问,答案一般很明显,考生只需听清题目就可选对。如: M:Can you stay for dinner?
W:I’d love to. But I have to go to meet a friend at the airport. Q:What’s the woman going to do?
A) Attend a meeting. B) Hold a party. C) Take an interview. D) Meet a friend. 分析:正确答案为D。对话中男士问“你能留下来吃晚饭吗?”女士回答“我很想留下,但是我还得去机场接一个朋友。”问题是“女士要去做什么?”D选项意为“见一个朋友”与对话内容相符,所以正确答案为D。
判断推理题要求考生能根据谈话内容,结合语境及说话的特点和语调等进行推理和判断,得出正确答案。考生要注意积累一些常见的习惯表达方式,根据说话人的用语、语气及语用含义来正确理解并作出判断。如:
W: Jack is ill. You’d better call the doctor. M: Sure. I’ll do it right away.
Q: What will the man probably do?
A) Look for Jack. B) Buy some medicine. C) Call for a doctor. D) Send Jack to school.
分析:正确答案为C。对话中女士说“杰克病了,你最好打电话叫个医生。”男士回答“好,我马上就去。”问题是“这位男士可能会做什么?” C选项意为“打电话叫医生”与对话内容相符,所以正确答案为C。
本题型对话涉及面广,提问形式多种多样,常见的句式有: What are they talking about?
What does the woman ask the man to do? What can we learn from the dialogue? What will the man/woman probably do? What does the man/woman think of …? What does the man/woman mean?
时间数字题主要考查考生对数字和时间的听力理解。对话中可能出现几个数字或时间,选项中也会出现多个数字或时间作为干扰,该部分要求考生能进行简单的时间数字计算。如:
M: These cups look nice. How much are they? W: They are 10 dollars each.
Q: How much will the man pay if he buys two cups?
A) $ 5. B) $ 10. C) $ 15. D) $ 20.
分析:正确答案为D。对话中男士问“这些杯子看起来不错,多少钱?”女士回答“每个10美元。”问题是“如果这位男士买二个杯子,他要付多少钱?”D选项意为“20美元”
与对话内容相符,所以正确答案为D。
地点场景题要求考生根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或说话者所处的场所。对话中一般会出现一些明显的表示地点的词汇或短语。如:
W: Would you like to see the menu, sir? M: Oh yes, what is today’s special food?
Q: What does this conversation most probably take place? A) In a restaurant. B) In a post office. C) At a railway station. D) At the airport.
分析:正确答案为A。对话中女士问“先生,要看菜单吗?”男士回答“好的,今天的特色菜是什么?”问题是“这段对话可能发生在什么地方?”因为对话中出现了the menu (菜单),可推断出这是服务生和顾客之间的对话,A选项意为“在饭店”与对话内容相符,所以正确答案为A。
以下是不同场景常用语: In a shop
How much is this coat? What color do you like? What size do you want? Can I try this on? Ok, I’ll take it. In a hotel
How many nights would you like to stay?
What kind of room would you like, a single one or a double one? I’d like to have a morning call at 5:00 a. m. tomorrow. I’d like to check out this afternoon. Good morning. I’d like to book a room. In a restaurant
May I take you order now? Are you ready to order?
Can we have the bill, please? Do you want anything to drink?
What kind of wine do you want, red or white? At the bank
Do you want to open a current account or a fixed account? What’s the exchange rate? I want to open an account. I want to withdraw 100 dollars. I want to cash this check into RMB. At the post office
I’m going to send this letter/parcel to Paris. How do you want to send it?
How much is the postage for a special delivery? I’m going to send this parcel by air mail. Here’s the postal order. Please fill it out.
身份关系题考查考生通过对话内容推测说话者职业、身份或说话者之间关系的能力。如: W: What’s wrong with me, doctor? M: Just a cold, nothing serious.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A) Husband and wife. B) Teacher and student. C) Patient and doctor. D) Manager and secretary. 分析:正确答案为A。对话中女士说“医生,我有什么问题吗?”男士回答“只是感冒,没什么严重的”问题是“这两个说话人可能是什么关系?” A选项意为“医患关系”与对话内容相符,所以正确答案为A。
考生需要掌握不同场景或职业以及说话关系不同时常使用的关键词: In a shop: how much, size, style, color…
In a clinic: What’s wrong? What’s the matter? How do you feel? Medicine, pill… In a restaurant: order, table, service, food, menu… At the airport: flight, land, take off…
(三)Section C:短文填空题
Section C
首先,了解短文的大致意思,注意要求填入的单词或词组所在句子的意思;其次,了解全文的主要时态;再次,判断空格部分在句子中所作成分,了解要求填入单词或词组的词性(动词、名词、形容词、副词)。另外,如果填入的是动词,要注意前面名词的数(单数、复数)、动词本身的时态(过去时、现在时、将来时)和语态(主动语态、被动语态)。如果填入的是名词,应该弄清楚是可数名词还是不可数名词,通过上下文确定用单数还是复数。如果是形容词或副词,要注意前后是否有要求用比较级的标志性的词,如“than”。考生要注意掌握考纲中五个字母以上的单词。