例如:
When he was born is unknown. What he did last night is being investigated.
That many hands make light work is a well-known saying. 主语从句中应注意: 1.
主语从句一般用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将主语从句放到句末. 例如:
It is possible that he has stolen the car.
Isn't it strange that he should not have passed the test 附:考研中常见的主语从句句型(作文中也经常用到): 1)It +过去分词+that从句 It's reported that …据报道…… It's believed that…人们相信…… 2)It is +形容词+that从句
It is clear(显然……)/possible or likely(很可能……)/natural(很自然……) 3)It is +名词短语 +that从句 It is a pity that...可惜的是…… It is a fact that...事实是…… 4)It +不及物动词+that从句
It seems(似乎……)/follows(因此……,由此可见……)/happens(碰巧……) 5)其他重要结构
It dawns upon/on sb. that…某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. that…某人突然想起…… It makes no difference that………无所谓
It doesn't need to be bothered that…不必担忧…… It is of little consequence that………无关紧要 2.
if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末. 例如:
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 3.
that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省,但在句末口语中可省. 例如:
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.(2006) That he was ill yesterday is known now. 4.
连词whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句只能放在句首. 例如:
Whether the eyes are \window of the soul\is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.
Who has broken the glass is unknown. What he wants is all here.
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 5.
主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式,但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断. 例如:
How he worked it out is still a secret. What they make in this factory are TV sets. 二)表语从句
在主句中担任表语的从句,叫做表语从句(Predictive Clause).表语从句可以由陈述分句,疑问分句和名词定语分句担任,通常置于系动词之后. 例如:
My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. The question is whether we shall run out of food soon. That is how Annie came to be with us.
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. (1997) 表语从句中应注意: 1.
连接词that一般不能省略,但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时,that可以省略. 例如:
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 2.
当句子的主语是:advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时,表语从句须用虚拟语气,即:should +do. 例如:
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 三)宾语从句
在主句中担任宾语的从句,叫做宾语从句.宾语从句有三种,即直接宾语从句,形容词宾语从句和介词宾语从句. 1. 直接宾语从句,即在及物动词(双宾语动词)后作宾语;它可以由陈述分句,疑问分句,名词定语分句和感叹分句担任. 例如:
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure (2005)
Prof. Lee's book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts. I thought (that) it was going to be interesting, but in fact it wasn't. He wanted to see for himself what the problems are. Goodness! Now I see what you're talking about. Now, you know how important you are to you family. 2.
形容词宾语从句,它可以由陈述分句,疑问分句担任. 例如:
I'm sorry that you are not happy yet in your new school. I'm afraid (that) all these offices are non-smoking offices. I'm not sure if she would be willing to meet us. 3.
介词宾语从句,它只能由疑问分词和名词定语分句担任. 例如:
I will give this dictionary to whoever wants to have it. (1992)
We need to think about how much we should charge our customers for using the phones. They were astonished by what they found. 宾语从句中须注意:
1.that 在口语中常被省略,但在正式的文体中,不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,但可引导except, but, in
等少数介词的宾语从句. 例如:
I didn't know (that) he was Li Lei.
I will do anything I can to help you except that I'm ill. 2.
宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时,一般须用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句放到句末,即\动词+it形式宾语+宾语补足语+that从句\此时的that不能省. 例如:
The boy has made it clear that they can't play with his toys.
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (1993)
3.动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,即:(should) do的形式. 例如:
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o'clock. The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 4.宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应.即:
1) 当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示. 例如:
He always says that he is our good friend.
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 2) 当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时,从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时. 例如:
He didn't tell us he came from Shanghai. He said he had read the book.
3) 但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,而不受时间的限制时,即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时. 例如:
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers.
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 四)同位语从句
1. 当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句(Appositive Clause).我们通常所见的同位语从句往往由that引导,而很少用whether,if以及连接代词或连接副词引导;因为我们补充名词的内容时多用陈述句,而很少采用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句. 例如:
The news that China has joined the WTO excites us all. He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 同位语从句也可由whether,if以及连接代词或连接副词引导,但不常用. 例如:
There is no argument whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. (1999) 2. 常用的同位语从句两大句型: 1)名词+that+陈述句 例如:
There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability.
He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the same time. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears. (2005)
Such behavior is regarded as \be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005) 2)名词+其它成分+that+陈述句 例如:
Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. Concerns were raised____ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts. ( A. what B. when C. which D. that )
同位语中应注意:
1.能带同位语从句的名词不多,常见的有:answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等. 例如: