高中英语最难掌握的英语语法(2017年12月9日)

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【5】The main trouble is their not having enough knowledge 主要问题是他们没有足够知识

(物主代词+动名词复合结构作表语)

【6】Our worry is Mary's having too much confidence in herself

我们的担心是玛丽对她自己没有太多信心

【7】Teaching young children is really challenging (现在分词作表语)

教这些小孩子真的是富有挑战性/困难而有趣

【8】What you said is really inspiring (现在分词作表语) 你说的话真的很鼓舞人心

【9】She was washing clothes. (过去进行时) 她正在洗衣服。

【10】Her job was washing clothes. (动名词) 她的工作是洗衣服。 【11】Her job was looking after the pigs. 她的工作是喂猪。

(5)动名词具有“名词”功能,在句中作宾语用法

【1】He enjoys listening to music (作及物动词宾语) 他喜欢听音乐 【2】Jack will finish writing the letter in half an hour(作及物动词宾语)

杰克在半小时写完这封信

【3】The law does not permit camping in this forest (作及物动词宾语)

法律不允许在这个森林野营 【4】please stop talking.请不要讲话。

【5】You must practice reading English aloud. 你应练习朗读英语。 【6】The foreign visitors enjoyed seeing Chinese acrobatics. 外宾喜欢看中国杂技。(动名词seeing作宾语)

【7】She is very fond of dancing (作介词宾语) 她非常喜欢跳舞 【8】Excuse me for coming late (作介词宾语) 对不起,我来晚了

【9】He left without saying anything (作介词宾语) 他一声不吭地走了 【10】There is no possibility of opening a club in this city (作介词宾语)

在该城市开一个俱乐部不是没有可能的 【11】Do you mind my opening the window(物主代词+动名词复合结构作宾语)

你介意我/我可以/打开窗户吗?

【12】They insisted on my staying there for supper (物主代词+动名词复合结构作宾语)

他们坚持留下我吃晚饭

【13】Aunt Liu was very happy about Wang's coming to see her.

(Wang's coming作介词about的宾语) 刘大娘很高兴王来看她。 【12】We are looking forward to the expert's coming to speak to us. (the expert's coming作look forward to的宾语) 我们盼望那位专家来给

我们做报告。

【13】He Hated himself for not having worked hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 【14】My sister is fond of reading novels. 我姐姐喜欢看小说。

【15】We're tired of having the same kind of food everyday. 我们对天天吃同样的饭菜感到厌倦。

【16】Instead of going to Zhongshan park,they went to the ZOO.

他们没有去中山公园,到动物园去了。

【17】Mr. Bush earns his living by teaching. 布什先生以教书为生。 【18】He was punished for stealing. 他因偷盗受到惩罚。

(6)动名词具有“形容词”功能 在句中作定语的用法

【1】He often read magazines in the reading room (作定语) 他常在阅览室看杂志

【2】Our teacher uses a good teaching method (作定语) 我们老师教学方法很好

【3】My father works in a printing shop. 我的父亲在一个印刷厂工作。

【4】Our school built a swimming pool last summer. 我们学校去年夏天修建了一个游泳池。

【5】Our teacher uses a very good teaching method. 我们教师的教学方法很好。

(二)动名词时态 (1)动名词一般式:(表示动作通常与谓语动作所表示动作同时发生,或在谓

语动词所表示动作之后发生)

【1】She likes dancing (同时发生) 她喜欢跳舞

【2】Children enjoy watching color TV. (enjoy与watching同时) 儿童喜欢看彩色电视。

【3】Our monitor suggested cleaning the classroom after class (发生谓语动作之后)

我们班长建议下课后打扫教室

【4】Would you mind opening the window and letting a little air in? (opening和letting发生在mind之后) 请你打开窗子,透透气好吗? 【5】Do you remember cutting rice on the state farm? (cutting发生在remember之前) 你记得在国营农场割水稻的事吗? 【6】I shall never forget seeing Lu Xun for the first time in 1932. (seeing发生在 forget之前) 我永远不会忘记一九三二年第一次见到鲁迅的情景。

(2)动名词完成式:(动名词完成式所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前发生) 【1】He was praised for having made much progress in his study (发生在谓语动作之间)

他因学习上取得巨大进步而被表扬

【2】I regret not having taken her advice (发生在谓语动作之前) 我后悔没有听她的劝告

【3】I regret having been unable to write to you earlier. 我很抱歉未能早点写信给你。

【4】His leg showed no symptom of having been injured. 他的腿不像受过伤。 【5】We were overjoyed at the news of China having launched another man-made satellite.

我们听到中国又发射了一颗人造卫星时都很高兴。

(3)动名词被动语态:(当动名词逻辑主语是动名词所表示动作承受者,及动作

对象;动名词要用被动)

【1】He came to help us without being asked (动名词逻辑主语是动名词动作承受者)

他主动来帮助我们

【2】I remember having been told the story some years ago

(动名词逻辑主语是动名词动作承受者) 我记得8年前有人告诉我这个故事

【3】This picture shows a child being beaten by a Japanese soldier. 这张照片上一个孩子在遭到日本兵毒打。

【4】The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。

(三)动名词和动词不定式区别

(1)动名词表示比较抽象,经常的行为,强调是事情本身

(2)动词不定式所表示的特定的或具体的某一次行为,特别是将来的行为 【1】I like swimming 我喜欢游泳;(表示习惯,有游泳的爱好) 【2】I don't like to swim today 我今天不想去游泳;(特指今天这一次行为) 【3】The students like playing football. 这些学生喜欢踢足球。(经常性的爱好) 【4】Would you like to play football this afternoon? 你今天下午愿意踢球吗?(指一次的动作)

【5】She hates to trouble you. 她不愿意麻烦你。(to trouble的逻辑主语是she) 【6】She hates smoking. 她不喜欢吸烟。 (smoking的逻辑主语不一定是she,也可能是\别人\

(四)动名词和动词不定式所表示意义不同:表示意义不同的动名词和动词不

定式的动词有:remember;Forget; regret; stop ;try ;以上动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前发生; 动词不定式表示动作发生在谓语动作之后发生

【1】He remembers writing to his mother every week

他记得每周给他母亲写信;(信已经写过,过去动作) 【2】He remembers to write to his mother every week

他记住每周要给他母亲写信;(信没有写,将来动作) 【3】He forgot turning off all the lights in the office after work

下班后,他忘记了他已经关掉灯;(关灯发生在忘记之前) 【4】Don't forget to turn off all the lights in the office after work

下班后不要忘记关掉所有灯;(关灯在忘记之后) 【5】Don't forget to post this letter不要忘记邮寄这封信;(邮寄在忘记之后发生) 【6】Don't forget to come here tomorrow 不要忘记明天来这里;(来在忘记之后发生)

【7】I regret spending so much money 我后悔花去这么多钱;(花掉在后悔之前发生)

【8】I regret to say that I can not come 我很抱歉,我不能来;(说在后悔之后发

生)

【9】He stopped talking 他停止说话;(发生在stop 之前) 【10】He stopped to talk with me他停下来和我说话;(发生在stop 之后) 【11】He tried growing flowers 他试验过种花;(种花发生在试验之前) 【12】He tried not to be late for school

【12】He must try to be careful 他应该尽量小心些;(小心发生在尽量 之后) 【13】His silence means consent

【14】He means to go to Beijing tomorrow 【15】He went on watching TV

【12】He went on to do his homework after watching TV 【12】He can not help crying when he sees his mother

【12】This little girl can not help to do anything for his mother at home

(五)动名词可以作介词宾语;不定式一般情况下不能做介词宾语(除特殊情况外)

He got excited on hearing the goods news 听到这个消息,他很兴奋;(动

名词作介词宾语)

※ 动名词作定语,其位置放在它所修饰名词之前,而不定式作定语则放在修饰名词之后

We study in the reading room 我们在阅览室里学习 It is time to go home 该是回家的时候了

(六)动名词和名词化的动名词比较

(1)动名词有动词特性,它可以带有宾语或状语,有时态和语态的变化,动

名词没有复数形式,前面不能加冠词,例如: She likes reading classic literature 她喜欢读古典文学;(动名reading后带有宾语classic literature)

(2)名词化的动名词,具有更多名词特点,它前面可以加冠词,可以有定语

修饰,可以有复数形式,例如:

The reading of classical literature took her a long time 她花了很长一段

时间看古典文学

第三节:现在分词概念和形式

(一)现在分词是非限定性动词一种,具有非限定动词特点

(二)现在分词具有“动词”特点 可以带有自己宾语,和状语(现在分词)而且

也可以做宾语补足语,常跟在这些动词加宾语之后加现在分词作宾语补足语。See/look at/hear/watch/find/listen to /feel /catch /keep /smell /leave/set/observe/notice /count /send /get +宾语+doing(现在分词) 【1】The teacher left the pupil standing aside(宾语补足语) 这个老师让这个学生一直靠旁边站着

【2】She was heard singing all the time.(宾语补足语) 别人听见她一直唱歌 【3】She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door. (宾语补足语)他突然听见有人在敲门

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