¼ÆËã»úÍøÂç¹ÜÀí¸´Ï°´ó¸Ù´ð°¸

IfAdminStatus±íʾ²Ù×÷Ա˵Ã÷µÄ¹ÜÀí״̬¡£ IfOperStatus±íʾ½Ó¿ÚµÄ¹¤×÷״̬¡£

IfspeedÊÇÒ»¸öÖ»¶ÁµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Æ÷£¬±íʾ½Ó¿ÚµÄ±ÈÌØËÙÂÊ¡£¡¢ ½Ó¿ÚÖеĶÔÏó¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¹ÊÕϹÜÀíºÍÐÔÄܹÜÀí¡£

ÊäÈë´íÎóÂÊ=ifInErrors/(ifInUcastPkts+ifInNUcastPkts) ÊäÈëµÄµ¥µã´«ËÍ·Ö×éÊý+ÊäÈëµÄ×é²¥·Ö×éÊý¡£

Êä³ö´íÎóÀËÂÊ=ifOutErrors/(ifOutUcastPkts+ifOutNUcastPkts) Êä³öµÄµ¥µã´«ËÍ·Ö×éÊý+Êä³öµÄ×é²¥·Ö×éÊý¡£

¸Ä×é¿ÉÒÔÌṩ½Ó¿Ú·¢Ë͵Ä×Ö½ÚÊýºÍ·Ö×éÊý£¬¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊ¼ÇÕËÒÀ¾Ý¡£

3¡¢µØַת»»×é

µØַת»»×é°üº¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬±íµÄÒ»ÐжÔӦϵͳµÄÒ»¸öÎïÀí½Ó¿Ú£¬±íʾÍøÂçµØÖ·µ½½Ó¿ÚµÄÎïÀíµØÖ·µÄÓ³Ïó¹Øϵ¡£ 4¡¢IP×é

IPÌṩÁËÓëIPЭÒéÓйصÄÐÅÏ¢¡£

IPµØÖ·±í£¨ipAddrTable£©°üº¬Óë±¾µØIPµØÖ·ÓйصÄÐÅÏ¢¡£Ã¿Ò»ÐжÔÓ¦Ò»¸öIPµØÖ·£¬ÓÉipAddrEntIfIndex×÷ΪË÷ÒýÏÆäÖµÓë½Ó¿Ú±íµÄifIndexÒ»Ö¡£ÔÚÅäÖùÜÀíÖпÉÒÔÓÃIPµØÖ·±íµÄÐÅÏ¢¼ì²éÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚµÄÅäÖÃÇé¿ö¡£±íÖжÔÏóΪֻ¶Á¡£

IP·ÓÉ±í£¨ipRouteTalbe£©°ü»»¹ØÓÚת·¢Â·ÓɵÄÒ»°ãÐÅÏ¢¡£±íÖеÄÒ»ÐжÔÓ¦Ò»¸öÒÑÖªµÄ·ÓÉ£¬ÓÉÄ¿±êIPµØÖ·ipRouteDestË÷Òý¡£Â·Óɱí¿ÉÓÃÓÚÅäÖùÜÀí£¬±íÖжÔÏóÊǿɶÁдµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃSNMPÉèÖ÷ÓÉÐÅÏ¢¡£Ò²¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¹ÊÕϹÜÀí¡£Èç¹ûÓû§²»ÄÜÓëÔ¶³ÌÖ÷»úÁ¬½Ó£¬¿É¼ì²é·ÓɱíµÄ

ÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ·ñÓÐ´í¡£

IPµØַת»»±í£¨ipNetToMediaTable£©ÌṩÁËÎïÀíµØÖ·ºÍIPµØÖ·µÄ¶ÔÓ¦¹Øϵ¡£Ã¿¸ö½Ó¿Ú¶ÔÓ¦±íÖеÄÒ»Ïî¡£

IPת·¢±í£ºÓÉRFC1354Ìá³ö£¬´úÌæIP·ÓɱíµÄбê×¼¡£¿ÉÒÔ±íʾ¶à·ÓɵÄ·ÓÉ±í¡£

17

5¡¢CMP×é

ICMPÊÇIPµÄ°éËæЭÒé¡£ËùÓÐʵÏÖIPЭÒéµÄ½áµã¶¼±ØÐëʵÏÖICMPЭÒé¡£ICMP×é°üº¬ÓйØICMPʵÏֺͲÙ×÷µÄÓйØÐÅÏ¢¡£ÕâÒ»×éÊÇÓйظ÷ÖÖ½ÓÊܵĻò·¢Ë͵ÄICMP±¨ÎĵļÆÊýÆ÷¡£

6¡¢TCP×é¡£

°üº¬ÓëTCPЭÒéµÄʵÏֺͲÙ×÷ÓйصÄÐÅÏ¢¡£

7¡¢UDP×é

UDP×éÀàËÆÓÚTCP×飬°üº¬µÄ¶ÔÏó¶¼ÊDZØÒªµÄ¡£±¾×éÌṩÁ˹ØÓÚUDPÊý¾Ý±¨ºÍ±¾µØ½ÓÊܶ˵ãµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£UDP±íÖ»Óб¾µØµØÖ·ºÍ±¾µØ¶Ë¿ÚÁ½Ïî¡£ 8¡¢EGP×é

EGP×éÌṩÁ˹ØÓÚEGP·ÓÉÆ÷·¢ËͺͽÓÊܵÄEGP±¨ÎĵÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÒÔ¼°¹ØÓÚEGPÁÚ¾ÓµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£ ÂÛÐèģʽegpNeighMode¿ÉÈ¡µÄÖµÓÐactive(1)he passive£¨2£©Á½ÖÖ¡£

9¡¢´«Êä×é¡£

Õë¶Ô¸÷ÖÖ´«Êä½éÖʼ¼¹¤ÏêϸµÄ¹ÜÀíÐÅÏ¢¡£²»ÊÇÒ»¸ö×飬¶øÊÇÒ»¸öÁªÏµ¸÷ÖÖ½Ó¿ÚרÓÃÐÅÏ¢µÄÌØÊâ½áµã¡£GetNextÓÃÓÚÓÐЧµØËÑË÷±í¶ÔÏó¡£

µÚ3Õ ¼òµ¥ÍøÂç¹ÜÀíЭÒé

Ò»¡¢SNMPµÄÑݱä

1¡¢Á˽âSNMPЭÒéÑݱäµÄ¹ì¼£

×î³õʹÓõĵÄÊÇ1987Äê11ÔÂÌá³öµÄ¼òµ¥Íø¹Ø¼à¿ØЭÒ飨SGMP£©,ÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉϸĽøµÄ¼òµ¥ÍøÂç¹ÜÀíЭÒéµÚÒ»°æ£¨SNMPv1£©£¬ÔÙµ½ÒÔSMPΪ»ù´¡¿ª·¢µÄSNMPv2£¬1999Äê4Ô·¢²¼SNMPv3бê×¼¡£

2¡¢Àí½âSNMP 3¸ö°æ±¾µÄÇø±ðÒÔ¼°Ó¦ÓÃÇé¿ö

SNMPv1£º×÷ΪÃÖ²¹ÍøÂç¹ÜÀíЭÒé·¢Õ¹½×¶ÎÖ®¼ä¿ÕȱµÄÒ»ÖÖÁÙʱÐÔ´ëÊ©¡£Óŵ㣺¼òµ¥£¬ÈÝÒ×ʵÏÖ£¬»ùÓÚÈËÃÇÊìϤµÄSGMP

SNMPv2£ºÎÞ°²È«¹¦ÄÜ£¬»ùÓÚÍÅÌåµÄSNMP£¬Ã»ÓдﵽÉÌÒµ¼¶±ðµÄ°²È«ÒªÇó

18

SNMPv3£º²»½öÔÚSNMPv2cµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏÔö¼ÓµÄ°²È«ºÍ¸ß²ã¹ÜÀí¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÄܺÍÒÔÇ°µÄ±ê×¼¼æÈÝ£¬±ãÓÚÀ©³äеÄÄ£¿é

3¡¢Á˽ⶨÒåSNMPЭÒéµÄRFCÎĵµ SNMPµÄµÚÒ»¸öRFCϵÁгöÏÖÔÚ1988Ä꣺

RFC 1065£º»ùÓÚTCP/IPÍøÂçµÄ¹ÜÀíÐÅÏ¢µÄ½á¹¹ºÍÈ϶¨ RFC 1066£ºÒÔ»ùÓÚTCP/IPÍøÂçµÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀíΪ»ù´¡µÄ¹ÜÀíÐÅÏ¢ RFC 1067£ºÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥ÍøÂç¹ÜÀíЭÒé ÕâЩЭÒé±»·Ï³ý¾­ÓÉ£º

RFC 1155£º»ùÓÚTCP/IPÍøÂçµÄ¹ÜÀíÐÅÏ¢µÄ½á¹¹ºÍÈ϶¨ RFC 1156£ºÒÔ»ùÓÚTCP/IPÍøÂçµÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀíΪ»ù´¡µÄ¹ÜÀíÐÅÏ¢ RFC 1157£ºÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥ÍøÂç¹ÜÀíЭÒé

SNMPµÚ¶þ°æ£¨RFC 1441¨CRFC 1452£©ÐÞ¶©Á˵ÚÒ»°æ²¢ÇÒ°üº¬ÁËÔÚÐÔÄÜ¡¢°²È«¡¢»úÃÜÐԺ͹ÜÀíÕßÖ®¼äͨÐÅÕâЩÁìÓòµÄ¸Ä½ø¡£

SNMPµÚÈý°æÓÉRFC 3411-RFC 3418¶¨Ò壬Ö÷ÒªÔö¼ÓSNMPÔÚ°²È«ÐÔºÍÔ¶¶ËÅäÖ÷½ÃæµÄÇ¿»¯¡£

¶þ¡¢SNMPvlЭÒéÊý¾Ýµ¥Ôª 1¡¢Á˽âSNMP vlÖ§³ÖµÄ²Ù×÷

SNMP½öÖ§³Ö¶Ô¹ÜÀí¶ÔÏóÖµµÄ¼ìË÷ºÍÐ޸ĵļòµ¥²Ù×÷

£¨1£©Get£º¹ÜÀíÕ¾ÓÃÓÚ¼ìË÷¹ÜÀíÐÅÏ¢¿âÖбêÁ¿¶ÔÏóµÄÖµ £¨2£©Set£º¹ÜÀíÕ¾ÓÃÓÚÉèÖùÜÀíÐÅÏ¢¿âÖбêÁ¿¶ÔÏóµÄÖµ £¨3£©Trap£º´úÀíÓÃÓÚÏò¹ÜÀíÕ¾±¨¸æ¹ÜÀí¶ÔÏóµÄ״̬±ä»¯

2¡¢ÕÆÎÕSNMP vl PDUµÄ¸ñʽ¡¢¸÷¸ö×ֶεĺ¬ÒåºÍÌṩµÄ´íÎó״̬

GetRequestPDU£¬GetNextRequestPDU£¬SetRequestPDU PDUÀàÐÍ ÇëÇó±êʶ 0 0 ±äÁ¿°ó¶¨±í GetResponsePDU PDUÀàÐÍ TrapPDU

ÇëÇó±êʶ ´íÎó״̬ ´íÎóË÷Òý ±äÁ¿°ó¶¨±í 19

PDUÀàÐÍ ÖÆÔìÉÌID ´úÀíµØÖ· Ò»°ãÏÝÈë ÌØÊâÏÝÈë ʱ¼ä´Á ±äÁ¿°ó¶¨±í PDUÀàÐÍ£º¹²ÓÐ5ÖÖÀàÐÍPDU

ÇëÇó±êʶ£º¸³Óèÿ¸öÇëÇó±¨ÎÄΨһµÄÕûÊý£¬ÓÃÓÚÇø·Ö²»Í¬µÄÇëÇó¡£

´íÎó״̬£º±íʾ´úÀíÔÚ¹ÜÀíÕ¾µÄÇëÇóʱ¿ÉÄܳöÏֵĸ÷ÖÖ´íÎó£¬(noError(0)¡¢tooBig(1)¡¢noSuchName(2)¡¢badValue(3)¡¢readOnly(4)¡¢genError(5)

´íÎóË÷Òý£ºµ±´íÎó״̬Ϊ·Ç0ÊÇÖ¸Ïò³ö´íµÄ±äÁ¿

±äÁ¿°ó¶¨±í£º±äÁ¿ÃûºÍ¶ÔÓ¦ÖµµÄ±í£¬ËµÃ÷Òª¼ìË÷»òÉèÖõÄËùÓбäÁ¿¼°ÆäÖµ ÖÆÔìÉÌID£ºÉ豸ÖÆÔìÉ̵ıêʶ ´úÀíµØÖ·£º²úÉúÏÝÈëµÄ´úÀíµÄIPµØÖ·

Ò»°ãÏÝÈ룺SNMP¶¨ÒåµÄÏÝÈëÀàÐÍ£¬·ÖΪ£ºcoldStart£¨0£©¡¢warmStart£¨1£©¡¢linkDown£¨2£©¡¢linkUp£¨3£©¡¢authenticationFailure£¨4£©¡¢egpNeighborLoss£¨5£©¡¢enterpriseSpecific£¨6£©

ÌØÊâÏÝÈ룺ÓëÉ豸ÓйصÄÌØÊâÏÝÈë´úÂë ʱ¼ä´Á£º´úÀí·¢³öÏÝÈëµÄʱ¼ä

3¡¢Á˽âSNMP±¨ÎĵÄÓ¦´ðÐòÁÐ

SNMP±¨ÎÄÔÚ¹ÜÀíÕ¾ºÍ´úÀíÖ®¼ä´«ËÍ£¬°üº¬GetRequest¡¢GetNextRequestºÍSetRequestµÄ±¨ÎÄÓɹÜÀíÕ¾·¢³ö£¬´úÀíÒÔGetResponseÏìÓ¦¡£Trap±¨ÎÄÓÉ´úÀí·¢¸ø¹ÜÀíÕ¾£¬²»ÐèÒªÓ¦´ð

4¡¢Àí½â±¨Îĵķ¢ËͺͽÓÊÕ¹ý³Ì

´ð£º·¢ËÍ£º°´ÕÕASN.1¸ñʽ¹¹ÔìPDU£¬½»¸øÈÏÖ¤½ø³Ì¡£ÈÏÖ¤½ø³Ì¼ì²éÔ´ºÍÄ¿±êÖ®¼äÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÒÔͨÐÅ£¬Èç¹û¼ì²éͨ¹ý£¬Ôò°ÑÓйØÐÅÏ¢×é×°³É±¨ÎÄ.×îºó¾­¹ýBER±àÂ룬½»¸ø´«ÊäʵÌå·¢ËͳöÈ¥¡£

½ÓÊÕ£º°´ÕÕBER±àÂë»Ö¸´ASN.1±¨ÎÄ£¬È»ºó¶Ô±¨ÎĽøÐÐÓï·¨·ÖÎö¡¢ÑéÖ¤°æ±¾ºÅºÍÈÏÖ¤ÐÅÏ¢µÈ¡£Èç¹ûͨ¹ý·ÖÎöºÍÑéÖ¤£¬Ôò·ÖÀë³öЭÒéÊý¾Ýµ¥Ôª£¬²¢½øÐÐÓï·¨·ÖÎö£¬±ØҪʱ¾­¹ýÊʵ±´¦Àíºó·µ»ØÓ¦´ð±¨ÎÄ¡£ÔÚÈÏÖ¤¼ìÑéʧ°Üʱ¿ÉÒÔÉú³ÉÒ»¸öÏÝÈ뱨ÎÄ£¬Ïò·¢ËÍÕ¾±¨¸æͨÐÅÒì³£Çé¿ö£¬ÎÞÂÛºÎÖÖ¼ìÑéʧ°Ü£¬¶¼¶ªÆú±¨ÎÄ¡£

20

ÁªÏµ¿Í·þ£º779662525#qq.com(#Ì滻Ϊ@)