= 28
1
1111(?)?P3 3.5.60 (1)1/Px =Qx =1 (2)1/PY =QY =4P1P24L2111?9L43P1P3
(3)1/PZ =QZ =3.5.61
PA?62C2?3
3.5.62
1????????2?????f12??2ff?f2?12???PF?P??P??P??22
?????1??2???P??=P1P2式中:
?2?nPn
??????1?1??2?2???P2P??=P1
?????1??2??? ?P?=P1P222?n?nPn
??n2Pn
?69??914?? 3.5..63 QYY =??69??96??139??913??139??96?????? 3.5.64 Qyy= Qyz = Qzx =??2124??3135??7383??3135??2124??8394?????? Qyw= QZW = QWW=??2?.??.QLL=?66?.?.??.3.5.65
.?2-1...??-12...??..2-1.?..-12.??....2? ....?2-1......??-12......????..2-1....???..-12....?QLL=?66?....2-1..???....-12..???......2-1???......-12???? 3.5.66 3.5.67 (1) (2)
-1QXX=(BTB)
-1TQ??=B(BTB)BLL
QVX=0 V与X互不相关
QVVL?=0?互不相关 V与L???3.6.71 (1)S=6 000.027(m) (2)0=1.11(mm)
(3) (5)
?全???=2.72(mm) (4)平=1.92(mm) ?L?2=1.57(mm)
3.6.72 (1) (2) (3) (4)(5)
?0?=1.27(mm)
???1???=1.33(mm) 2=2.06(mm) 3=0.90(mm) ?L?1=0.94(mm)
?L?2
=1.46(mm)
?L?3
=0.64(mm)
?全?=2.62(mm)
?L?全=1.85(mm)
3.7.75 σ全 =0.004 2(m)
3.7.76 DZZ =KDLLKT + KεεTKT DZY = KDLLKT + KεεTFT 3.8.77 令P点坐标X、Y的协方差阵为
2?x?xy?????2??????yz? y? ??LD???31LL本题分两步解算:第一步先求平差角向量L的协方差阵,令=
??L?1?L2?2-1-1?1??2DLL-12-1(秒)??=??T3??L?3??-1-12??,可求得
第二步求平差后P点坐标X、Y的协方差阵,其中有:
?YAP??12???XcotL?]D??XcotL???x??2[?YAP?XAPcotL2AP3LL?AP2?????XcotL??AP3? ?
???XAP?12???XcotL?]D??YcotL???y??2[?YAP?XAPcotL2AP3LL?AP2?????YcotL??AP3??
???XAP?12???YcotL?]D??YcotL???y??2[??XAP?YAPcotL2AP3LL?AP2?????YcotL??AP3? ?
3.8.78 σ1 =2 5(mm) σ2 = 5(mm) 3.8.79
?YY?2L1?4L212
?YL??6L2?2L14L1?2L2?
?YL=2
21?CD11?3.8.80 AB5000 CD20 000
?AB?3.8.81 (1)
22?0????9(秒2)
PPPP
?1=?2=?3=?4=1
1122P=(秒/mm)P=(秒/mm)SS1249
12P=(秒/mm)S316
(2)
22?0??S?36(mm2)1
P?1?P?2?P?3?4(mm/秒)2
PS2?2PS1?141PS3?9 4
(3)
22?0??S?81(mm2)
P?1?P?2?P?3?P?4?9(mm/秒)2PS1?99P?S4 PS2?1 316
(4) 3.8.82
22?0??S?144(mm2)3
P?1?P?2?P?3?P?4?16(mm/秒)2PS1?4
PS2?169 PS3?1
QYLQXY=3
QXL=[1 1] =[6 -3]
PL1=11PL2=2 2
D?14L2D-L+L+3L22D?213.8.83 = =18 ?1?2=12 Q?12L2Q-0.5L1+3.5L2+1.5L22Q?21 = =9 ?1?2=
1?3-1??PL'L'5?-12?? 3.8.84 (1)L1与L2相互独立 (2)=3.8.85 (1)关
PW=13PL?=PL?=PL?=23?互不相?=03 12 (2)QWL,W与L?21-1?1??QLL121??=1?3?Q=-????-112?? (2)L2L33 3.8.86 (1)
第四章
4.2.07 (a)r=5 (b)r=7 (c)r=11 (d)r=3 4.2.08 (a)r=2:
h2-h3=0
h1+h2-h4+HA-HB=0
S1S-AB=0?+?+?-180=0 (b)r=3:123 sin?2sin?3 S2S-AB=0sin?1sin?3
4.2.09 (a)r=2: (b)r=4: 4.2.10 c=3
L1+L2+L3-180=0
L4+L5+L6-180=0
-L1+L2-L7+L8+?AB-?BA-180=0
-L2+L3-L4+L5-L6?L7-180=0L3-L4+180=0
L2-L7-180=0