《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文 （注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。）
各单元练习答案
UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH.
COMPREHENSION
1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)
2 Life was tough – he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…
3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his
calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer. 4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)
5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again. 6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure. 7 Do the things we love to do. 8 Open. 9 Open.
10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A
1 naively 2 curiosity 3 combination 4 let down 5 vision 6 baton 7 creative 8 mirror 9 trap 10 invention B
1 drowned out 2 tuition 3 Commencement 4 deposit 5 typography 6 make way for 7 animation 8 intuition 9 destination 10 diverge C
1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct 2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense 3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out
1
4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer 5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual
6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling
SPEAKING: Open.
TRANSLATION A
1热烈的鼓掌 2波涛汹涌的海面 3熟睡 4烟瘾大的人 5油腻而难消化的食物 6烈酒 7悲痛的消息 8沉闷冗长的读物 9〈化〉重水 10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。 12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。 13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。 14骄者必败。
15 我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。
B 见译文部分。
WRITING A
1. I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons for the failure in the
experiment.
2. Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldn’t improve my English. 3. Though…..
4. therefore---However
5. If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between 2001 and 2003,
it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were twice more.
6. We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency, which we used two
years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable. The second is online recruitment. We have never used this method before, so we cannot say this is good or not. However, online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants. 7. are-is
8. including---include 9. has a negative impact,
have a positive and powerful effect
10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people of their age.
UNIT TWO TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BY
2
COMPREHENSION
1. According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such as beauty, love.
2. The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of the text to control the idea of the whole text. ―Life is a paradox‖, because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final disappearance.
3. The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of sunlight or responds to it.
4. According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because they think that the world is theirs to commandespecially when they are young. 5. Since all of us will perish in the end, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives as through windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on life’s paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern.
6. Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast that we cannot let go;we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.
7. According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth.
8. Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal considerations and to perfect the present world.
9. There is strong religious color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast to God’s gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of edifices.
10. The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to teach them how to cope with life’s paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A
1. renounce 2. tender 3. petty 4. relish 5. gleaned 6. abounds in 7. parable 8. evanescent 9. redeem 10. sanctuary
B
1. indifference to 2. Preoccupied 3. redeem 4. clinging to 5. relentless 6. paradox 7. ordained 8. wanes 9. exalted 10. dawn/have dawned on
C
1. the meaningthe opportunitythe doorhappiness the purpose 2. the questionthe jokesthe advertisementthe filmthe lecture 3. rundrivespeaksailstick
3
4. arrivalsurvivalrefusalapprovalrenewal 5. restlesspricelessendlesshomelessaimless
6. widenquickendeepenlengthenshorten
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION A 1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。 3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶
4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。
5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。
6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。
7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。 9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。
B 见译文部分。
TEXT B
READING COMPREHENSION
1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed bythe best and wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature. 2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their realism and their sense of poetry. 3. The nature of Chinese philosophy isan idle philosophy born of an idle life. 4. The Chinese philosopher’s waking life is characterized bya dream-world quality, and he sees the happenings and his own efforts asfutile.(or useless) 5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented bya sense of detachment toward lifeand high-mindedness. 6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, love of vagabondage, pride and nonchalance. 7. ―Wake up and live‖ implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours away. 8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing of problemsare expected.
9. For most people, the Chinese mind isintensely practical, hard-headed; for the lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of people, it
4
is poetic and philosophical. 10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese have a light, an almost gay philosophy rather thanan efficient life.
UNIT THREE
A FEW WORDS FOR LOSING
COMPREHENSION
1 Because sport is mainly about ―astonishing salaries, hugely lucrative endorsements, television contract using numbers one is more accustomed to seeing in textbooks on astronomy‖.
2 Because even the great winners finally lose.
3 There is always a feeling of sadness after the game. 4 Life for many athletes was much downhill.
5 It means the rank or status of the team. （球队排名） 6 Human limitations might bring some sad situations. 7 Some people are naturally gifted, but others are not.
8 He would ―fight‖ fearlessly, but he didn’t want it to be a ―suicide attack‖. 9 Open. 10 Open.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A
1 lucrative 2 mortal 3 instill 4 wind up 5 prowess 6 cowardly 7 cultivated 8 identified with 9 surmount 10 intact B
1 inglorious 2 fraught 3 cultivated 4 groomed 5 outset 6 lucrative 7 tournament 8 intact 9 hang around 10 lapse into
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION A
1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。 2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。
3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。
4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。 5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。
5
6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？
7 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
8 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
B 见译文部分。
UNIT FOUR THE FUTURE OF BOOKS
COMPREHENSION
1. Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by human brain; mineral memoryrepresented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic memory of today’s computer; and vegetal memoryrepresented bythe first papyruses and books made of paper.
2. According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom. 3. ―Universal brain‖ means a place wherewe can retrieve what we have forgotten and what we still do not know.
4. According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them.
5. In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because they should survive as museums conserving the past.
6. Compared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading. 7. Compared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans computers can’t: books still represent the most economical, flexible way to transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed; it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck.
8. Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on demand, namely, every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer; the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information.
9. ―The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too simplistic.‖What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological devices that have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one.
10. In the computer and internet era, people fear the physicaldisappearance of books and printed material; but printed books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A
6
1. organic 2. designate 3. emulate 4. abolish 5. speculated 6. shipwreck 7. manuscript 8. masterpiece 9.obsolete 10. contribute to B
1. option 2. flexible 3. reproduce 4. preservation 5. retrieve 6. divine 7. diffuse 8. on the verge of 9. browse 10. memory C
1. povertyerrorsenemiesa possibilityinequality 2. a group an organizationa cluban associationa tribe 3. act foranswer forstand forlong forprepare for 4. eyepiecetimepieceshowpieceseapiececenterpiece 5. predictablepreschoolprewarpreviouspreliminary 6. reproducereviseremovereviewrewrite
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION A 1 凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。 2没有下雪，但叶落草枯。
3人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。
4读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。 5仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。
6她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
B 见课文译文
Unit five Scientists, scholars, knaves and fools Comprehension
1(a).What relationship between science and the humanities can you learn from the first paragraph?
To some degree,science and the humanities have the same concern: The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion. In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry, and especially the humanities and sciences, intersect with each other.
1(b).Do you think science and religion can be reconciled? (Open.)
7
2(a).What criteria does Author apply when distinguishing science from pseudoscience?
In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience:repeatability,economy,mensuration,heuristics and consilience.
2(b).Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you agree? Open.
3(a). What point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
The author gives the topic sentence \frustrating\ 3(b).How does he backup his viewpoint?
In para.4, the author lists and analyses the reasons why it’s hard. In Para.5, the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting. 3(c).What example and quote does he use?
The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.'s in biology.
The quotation is from Percy Bridgman:\barred.\
4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one another? Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence \discovery is everything\and then explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific research. Para7 and para.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast(make an important discovery, and ...;Fail to discover,and...).
5(a).According to Alfred North Whitehead, why do scientists learn what they need to know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world?
It’s because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery. They have to concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest. 5(b).What does the greeting question \
It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature (making discoveries) and scientists are quite aware what is common among them.
6(a).Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made? Why?
No, they won't. Scientists who have already made some important discoveries are always
8
strongly motivated and they are ready to set new goals and make continuous efforts. 6(b). What's the difference between scientists and scholars in humanities?
According to Wilson,their research is of different nature: for scholars in the humanities the most valuable work is interpreting and explaining the existing factual knowledge while for scientists original discovery is everything.
7. Can scientists be defined as a social group with a set of beliefs, characters and motivations peculiar to them?
No,they can't. No particular beliefs,characters and motivations can be identified as the defining features. (See Para. 9-11)
8(a).In what sense is scientific research an art?
There is no limitation on how to make a discovery. Scientists enjoy the freedom of applying different thinking skills and styles just like an artist.
8(b).What scientists should do in order to be highly successful?
A scientist who wants to achieve great success should not be afraid of trying new research areas where no previous research can be referred to and he has to decide everything by himself in the exploration.
8(c).According to the author, what intelligence level does normal science require? Why? The author mentions it as optimum intelligence: On the one hand he should have the adequate intelligence which allows him to do some basic scientific research; on the other, his intelligence level should not be above the one for normal science, otherwise, he would find the mediocre work intolerably boring.
9(a).What advice does the author give to the novice scientists?
The author gives a lot of advice in the last paragraph. It's mainly about how to do scientific research and how to make your work known to and accepted by other scientists.
9(b).Suppose you have the plan to pursue academic study, what difficulties do you think you would have?(Open.)
10. Paraphrase the following figurative sentences:
a. Science is the sword in the stone that humanity finally pulled.
Science is the tool that the human race finally possesses. It has great potentials and is believed to empower and benefit mankind.
9
b. They spread out like foragers on a picket line, each alone or in small groups probing a carefully chosen, narrow sector.
Similar to those who scatter around the rope along which horses are tied and begin to search widely for food or provisions, scientists,with particular research tasks in their minds, either working individually or cooperating with others,are desperate to make discoveries.
c. They are fellow prospectors pressing deeper into an abstracted world, content most of the time to pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the mother lode.
Like those who work together to search for minerals, they push themselves forward and explore deeply into their research areas. They feel satisfied whenever there is a clue to their research, but they would not stop moving forward until real breakthroughs are made. d. Some are as stolid as tax accounts in April.
Just like the tax accounts taxpayers generally receive in April, some scientists are not very easily aroused or excited. They tend to act in a businesslike way.
e. To be highly successful the scientist must be confident enough to steer for blue water, abandoning sight of land for a while.
A scientist who wants to achieve great success should have trust in his own abilities and be keen on doing pioneering work which is full of risks and uncertainties, without any help from previous research.
Vocabulary and structure
A
1) diagnostic 2) at most 3) spreading out4) elitists 5) driven 6) set foot on 7) at large8) utilitarian 9) for its own sake 10) ethos B
1) sift 2) Admittedly3) diagnostic 4) counseled 5) notwithstanding
6) steer 7) probed 8) presumptuous 9) strewn with 10) follows up C
1) ambition, objective, success, goal, victory 2) treasure, collector, critic, gallery, work 3) acquire, apply, broaden, extend, improve 4) experimental, natural, medical, behavioral, social
10
5) symmetry, parasite, pregnancy, science, gene
6) presumptuous, gregarious, generous, courageous, ferocious 7) productive, reclusive, compulsive, decisive, exclusive 8) marine, merge, oceanic, soil, plot, division
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION A
1、 我没有得到这样一个机会。 2、 他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而已。 3、 如果他不通知我，我就不去。 4、 他无权签订这种合同。
5、 虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。
6、 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 7、 今天下午学生统统要交作业。
8、它的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。 9、她有礼貌地默认了她显然不懂得的事情。
10、威尔先生是个矮小、骨瘦如柴的人，黑头发、灰眼睛，脸上总挂着一丝微笑，谁都知道这笑容是伪装的。
B 见课文译文
UNIT SIX ANTHROPOLOGISTS ON THE FRONT LINES
Reading comprehension
1. Some anthropologists were criticized for their involvement in military actions. 2. Because CIA wants them to collaborate with the U.S. government’s war on terror. The role social scientists play in the war is too early to assess though some reports show they succeeded in reducing attacks from the Taliban.
3. Montgomery McFate is a navy anthropologist. She is an advocate of the collaboration. Roberto Gonzalez is an associate professor of anthropology at San Jose State University and leading member of the Network of Concerned Anthropologists. He think in this kind of collaboration anthropology will become just another weapon. 4. ―Subject‖ means a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; ―fervent petitioning‖ refers to the earnest and formal request AAA received from some of its members to ban the involvement in the collaboration. 5. They find it difficult to be loyal to two communities.
11
6. Because civilian anthropologists have experienced ethical dilemmas, they would not fully cooperate in military actions. Washington needs social scientists trained in the agency’s own unique culture. But David Price argues that social scientists thinking in an agency-like way would not be as helpful as civilian anthropologists.
7. First, it’s difficult to build a military education system to train experts in the social sciences. Second, it takes longer to train them when compared to training general officers.
8. The Administration did not take the experts’ advice very seriously.
Vocabulary and structure A.
1. expel 2. full-fledged 3. fared 4. Colossal 5. Compromised 6. voluntary 7. anonymity 8. in-house 9. self-sufficient 10. besotted B.
1. pilot 2. unwittingly 3. ad hoc 4. smack of 5. spike 6. soak up 7. certify 8. qualms 9. downright 10. outreach C.
1. atheist 2. lyrics 3. colloquialism 4. counterpart 5. anti-heroine 6. self-regulation 7. undermine 8. Pentagon 9. pitfall 10. general
SPEAKING: OPEN
TRANSLATION A
1他父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。
2 谈判时，我会感到紧张。一紧张，我就吃东西。
3 由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春。夏天到冬天昼夜温差很小。 4 八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作。 5 他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。
6 我把椅子挪过去坐下，开始两脚分开，但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重，太不拘礼节，便把两膝并拢，把双手随便地放在膝盖上。
B 见译文部分。
12