English-Chinese Translation 半夜，街上空无一人。
2) From Florence the river Arno runs down to Pisa, and then it reaches the sea. 阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。
Translation of the Passive
I. Convert the English passive into the Chinese active 1. Use the original subject as the new subject
1) The gas can be liquefied and bottled or piped into homes. 石油气可液化装瓶，或用管道输送到用户家里。
2) It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道，另一颗人造卫星已送入轨道。
3) All items for which we have quoted are made from very best silk. 所报的商品均采用上好丝绸制成。
4) All our prices are quoted CIF to the port of destination. 我方的所有报价都是目的港到岸价。
2. Convert the English subject into the Chinese object
1) It is well known that the compass was invented in China more than two thousand years ago.
众所周知，中国在两千多年前就发明了指南针。
2) As the date of delivery is approaching, you are requested to expedite the establishment of the L/C.
因为交货日期临近，谨请贵方尽快开立信用证。
3) The markets are influenced by the situation of the stocks but improvements are expected.
存货情况影响了市场，但这样的情形有望得到好转。
3. Translate the English passive sentences into Chinese active sentences that contain predicative
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English-Chinese Translation
1) Of seven items listed in your enquiry, only two are handled by us. 贵方查询的七件商品中，只有两件是本公司经营的。
2) Our products are made from completely natural ingredients and we do not utilize any artificial additives at all.
本公司的产品全部是用天然原料制成的，没有使用任何人工添加剂。
4. Translation of the idiomatic passive
1) It should be mentioned that our market situation is turning for the better at present. 应该提到，目前本公司的市场情况正在好转。
2) It should be recognized that the intent of this agreement is to benefit both the buyer and the seller.
买卖双方应该认识到本协议的目的是让双方都能获益。
II. Convert the English passive into the Chinese passive 1. “被??”或“给??”
1) We have been impressed by your fast delivery service and the excellent quality of the items.
贵方不仅送货非常快，而且产品的品质优良，给我方留下了深刻印象。 2) Robert was dismissed by the boss of the factory. 罗伯特已被工厂的老板开除了。
3) The second half of her words was torn away by the wind. 她的后半句话，给风刮得听不见了。
2. “（遭）受??”
1) This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake. 这家工厂在地震中遭到严重破坏。
2) The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world.
莱特兄弟因为进行了世界上第一次飞行而受到高度赞扬。
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English-Chinese Translation 3. “为??所”
1) Two systems of units are commonly used by the scientists. 两种单位制通常为科学家所采用。
2) In 1838, Engels, without having completed his studies at high school, was forced by family circumstances to enter a commercial house in Bremen as a clerk.
1838年，恩格斯为家庭环境所迫，高中还没有毕业就来到不来梅的一家商业机构去当职员了。
III. Use the Chinese pattern “把??”，“使??”，“由??” 1) Kissinger was alarmed by China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964. 1964年10月，中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，这把基辛格吓了一跳。
2) The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way.
必须使学生在德、智、体三方面得到全面发展。
3) Natural light or ―white‖ light is actually made up of many colors. 自然光或“白”光实际上是由许多颜色组成的。
Translation of Nominal Clauses I. Subject Clauses
1. Usually we would like to translate noun clause in the same order, that is to say, to remain their original position.
1) That those who had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge. 向我们学习过的人反倒超过了我们，这对我们来说的确是一个挑战。 2) What we found is that to achieve quality in a product, or by inference, in a life, you have to look enthusiastically for mistakes.
我们发现，在产品上追求质量，与在生活中追求质量一样，你须认真挑出各种
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English-Chinese Translation 失误。
3) Where you stumble becomes your opportunity to make corrections, to learn and grow.
你跌倒的地方就是你改正错误、吸取教训、开始成长的地方。
2. When “it” functions as a formal subject, the subject clause may either precede or follow the principle clause.
1) It was plain to see how old and firm the girlish heart had grown under the discipline of heavy sorrow.
一看便知，在沉重痛苦的磨炼下，她那颗少女之心已经变得多么苍老，多么坚韧。
2) It is necessary for young people to understand how our society depends upon scientific and technological advancement and to realize that science is a basic part of modern living.
我们的社会怎样依赖科学技术的进步；科学是现代生活的基础部分之一，年青人懂得并认识到这两点，那是十分必要的。
II. Objective Clauses
1) On investigation we have found that the goods were in perfect condition when leaving our shipping department.
我方经调查发现，货物在运离货运部时，情况完好。
2) I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.
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