作表语(be动词后),我的建议是推迟会议。
The next train to arrive is from Seoul. 作定语,将到达的下一列火车是来自首尔的。
I come here only to say goodbye to you. 作状语,我来这目的是和你说再见
2.动名词:doing,具有动词的特征和变化形式,但在句子中作名词用。可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语,也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语(与动词同)。
Reading is an art. 作主语,阅读是一门艺术
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 作宾语(动词后),他们一直往前走,未停止交谈 Your task is quickly cleaning the windows. 作表语(be动词后),你的任务是赶快把窗户擦干净 This is a reading room. 作定语,这是个阅读室 练习:
1.To finish the work will take us an hour. 完成这项工作
2.I come here to say goodbye to you. 和你告别 3.Talking is an art. 说话
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第三十六讲 非谓语动词(2) 假主语it/真主语 假宾语it/真宾语 不定式/动名词的否定式
1.to不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上,但一般用it代替它作形式主语。
It's a great honor to be invited. 被邀请很荣幸。
It为假主语,代替真主语“to be invited” 重排语序为:To be invited is a great honor.
It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收(对着溢出的牛奶哭是没用的)
It为假主语,代替真主语“crying over spilt milk”
在真主语较长的情况下,英语常先用it放在句首代替真主语,之后再引出真主语。
2.在宾语的位置上,用it 代替它作形式宾语 We think it important to learn English. 我们认为学英语很重要。
it为假宾语,代替真宾语“to learn English”
I found it pleasant walking in the park.
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我发现在公园里散步是件乐事。
it为假宾语,代替真宾语“walking in the park”
3.对动名词或不定式进行否定时,在不定式或动名词前加not就可以了。not to do、not doing
He pretended not to see her. 他假装没有看见她。
He regrets not joining them. 他后悔没有加入他们。 练习:
1. It is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk. 2. We think it important to learn (learn) English. 3. He pretended not to see (not see) her.
第三十七讲 非谓语动词(3) to不定式表示目的的用法
1. in order to +动词原形:表示目的 2. so as to +动词原形:表示目的
3. 由in order to 引导的目的状语,置于句首、句尾均可。 4. 由so as to 引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾。
I’ve written it down in order to remember it. 我写下来了,目的是为了记住它。 也可以写成:
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In order to remember it,I’ve written it down.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. 他又叫又挥手,目的是为了被注意到。
5. 它们的否定形式分别在to前加not
I’ve written it down in order not to forget it. He said nothing so as not to be noticed. 练习:
He gets up early in order to/so as to(目的是)arrive at school on time.
He wrote it down in order not to/so as not to (目的是不)forget it.
第三十八讲 非谓语动词(4) 常见的不定式和动名词
包含不定式和动名词的一些固定结构 1. too…to…:太…而不能… The room is too small to live. “too…to”中间加形容词或副词。
2. enough +n+ to do/ adj +enough to do 足够……可以……
There is enough food to eat.
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