动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类 (一)实义动词
1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词,表示动作或状态,在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语;不及物动词不跟宾语。 例:—What did you think of her speech?
—She _______for one hour but didn't ________ much. A. spoke; speak
D. said; say
B. spoke; say
C.
said;
speak
注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
It is important for you to learn how to learn.
第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。 不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。 He is working hard at English.
2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)
延续性动词动作可以延续,可以与一段时间连用。如:live, study, work, stay, keep, have等。
非延续性动词(短暂性动词)动作瞬间完成,不能与一段时间连用。如:finish, come, open, bring, buy等。
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例:The evening news comes on at seven o' clock and ________ only thirty minutes. A. keeps
lasts
【解析】答案为D。根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes” 先排除“finish”
为瞬间动词;keep“保留,保存”;continue意为“继续”; last意为“持续,继续”,根据题意“晚间新闻每天7:00开始,持续30分钟。”可知,正确选项为D。
(二)连系动词
连系动词可以细分为以下几类
1.表示“是”的be动词,根据主语有各种形式;
2.表示“感觉”的连系动词。如:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等;
3.表示“变得、变成”的连系动词。如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come等; 4.表示“结果”的连系动词。如turn out, prove等;
5.表示“仍然”的连系动词。如remain, stand, stay, keep等; 6.表示“似乎、好像”的连系动词。如seem, appear, look等。
注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。 请看下列这道选择题:
good, the food has been sold out.
A. Tasted B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 【解析】答案为C。本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话,就会误选A或B。
其实taste在本句中是连系动词,应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,?
(三)助动词
本身无词义,不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定,疑问,时态等语法形式。助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语),常见的有:be(am, is, are, was, were),do(does, did), have(has/had), will, would, shall, should等。 (四)情态动词
本身有一定意义,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化,常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。常见的有can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will, would,
B. continues
C. finishes
D.
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ought to, dare, need等等。
注意:以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词;“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词;“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。
1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在
亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。 She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
break out爆发 break up打碎;分解 break down出毛病;抛锚;分解;
崩溃
①Don’t be so discouraged. If you next time.
A. carry on put away
【解析】答案为D。carry on意为“开展、进行”;get back意为“取回,拿回”;break
down意为“分解、崩溃”。put away除了有“把??收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意:别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种情绪(而振作起来),下次你就会做得更好。
②I was still sleeping when the fire _________,and then it spread quickly. A. broke out out
【解析】答案为A。break out意为“发生”符合题意;put out意为“扑灭”;come out
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such feelings, you will do better
B. get back C. break down D.
B. put out C. came out D. got
意为“出版、出现、出来”;get out意为“(拿)出来”。句意:火灾发生时,我还在睡觉,然后火势很快蔓延开来。
2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。 注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。 look after照料,look at看,look for寻找
①Once a decision has been made,all of us should _______it. A. direct to refer to
【解析】答案为B。stick to意为“坚守(规则、诺言等)”
②It’s the present situation in poor areas that _______much higher spending on education and training.
A. answers for for
【解析】答案为C。call for意为“要求”;answer for意为“负责”;provide for意
为“供养,为??做好准备”;plan for意为“为??作计划/打算”。
3.动词+副词/名词/反身代词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
①I don’t _______rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste. A. go after
D. go in for
【解析】答案为D 。go in for意为“喜欢”;go after意为“追求”;go away with意
为“随身带走”;go into意为“从事、参加”。
②Why do we have to ________Joan’s selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others.
A. keep up with B. catch up with come up with
【解析】答案为C。keep up with意为“跟着、跟上”;catch up with意为“赶上”;put
C. put up with
D.
B. go away with
C. go into
B. provides for
C. calls for
D. plans
B. stick to
C. lead to
D.
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