考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：因为可能出现安全问题，CDC对HIV呈阳性且正在服用抗转录病毒药以及孕妇依然推荐日常疗法。A. personal个人的；B. crucial关键的；C. age年龄；D. safety安全。分析句子可知，此做法是为了安全，故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure(癫痫)today, they would be surprised by the treatment’s freshness. That’s because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.
Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. They associated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and stars could make someone have a seizure.
During a process to treat a patient who has seizures, doctors would force the patient to pray for the grace of the God. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures.
The arrival of modern psychiatry(精神病学) occurred during the 1800s. At that time people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were mad. However, none of the out-of-date treatments worked.
It wasn’t until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes are related to the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking reflex(反射) in the body. These usually occur when someone is very tired.
Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were
developed.Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has.
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Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often push some implement roughly in the person’s mouth. However, this doesn’t help. The implement often blocks the airway and prevents the person from breathing. Yet most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.
56. Why would someone from the past be surprised by today’s treatments for seizures? A. Because they believed in scientific treatment for seizures.
B. Because they believed seizures were caused by strange forces in nature. C. Because they believed there would be no cure for seizures. D. Because they believed patient would treat seizures by himself.
57. During the arrival of modern psychiatry how were people treated in psychiatric hospitals?
A. They were forced to ask the God for mercy.
B. They worked for the old-fashioned treatment. C. They were considered senseless. D. They were treated as evil spirits.
58. Which of the following condition can cause a seizure? A. Rashes and other skin problems. B. Infected wounds.
C. Stomach disorders. D. Brain injuries
59. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Symptoms Old and New
B. Universal Forces or Science C. Seizures Now and Then
D. Treatments Effective or Not
【答案】56. B 57. C 58. D 59. C 【解析】
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本文属于说明文，介绍在以前，癫痫被人们认为是跟宇宙天体有关，因此强迫患者向上帝祷告。随着现代精神病学的发展，癫痫被认为与大脑有关，因此产生了不同的疗法，但是依然对癫痫有错误的认识。 【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段That’s because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.和第二段Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces.可知，在19世纪以前，医生认为癫痫是由于奇怪的力量造成的，故选B。 【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段They were treated like they were mad. However, none of the out-of-date treatments worked.可知，他们被当成发疯症状来接受治疗，可知，癫痫患者被认为是不理智的，故选C。 【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段We know today that these causes are related to the brain.可知，癫痫与大脑有关，故可知，大脑受伤可能会导致癫痫，故选D。 【59题详解】
主旨大意题。介绍在以前，癫痫被人们认为是跟宇宙天体有关，因此强迫患者向上帝祷告。随着现代精神病学的发展，癫痫被认为与大脑有关，因此产生了不同的疗法，故可知本文主要讲述，不同时代，对癫痫的不同认识，故选C。
(B)
How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood? African elephants
These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female-dominated groups ---- and ladies stay there ---- but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups.
Orangutans (猩猩)
Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages ---- times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and
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maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does.
Orcas(逆戟鲸)
Killer whales join their mother’s familial group for life. This
lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup’s chance of survival; if mom dies a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get older.
Harp seals
A harp seal’s “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A pup’s sole purpose during that brief period of coddling(宠爱) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber(鲸脂) every day. Once it’s fat ---- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds ---- it slides off the ice and takes on the sea.
Wolf spiders
Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.
60. According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their young? A. Harp seals. spiders.
61. What can we learn from the sentence “But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days”?
A. Other grown wolf spiders will come to take care of the babies. B. The toddlers are too heavy for parents to hitch a piggyback ride. C. Baby spiders are able to live on their own after a short period of time. D. Baby spiders can make full use of spider-hood before they leave their parents. 62. Who will be interested in this passage?
A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth.
B. African elephants
C. Orcas.
D. Wolf
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