专题六 形容词 副词
I.形容词 一、形容词的一般用法
1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 It’s a cold and windy day.
2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound….) He looks happy today.
3.放在something，anything，nothing，everything等不定代词时之后。 Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放可在名词之后作后置定语。 How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long.
5.多作表语的形容词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill； The man is ill.那个人生病了. The ill man is my uncle.那个坏人是我叔叔. 6.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的最适当的, 最好的唯一的；
wooden僵硬的，不自然的；没有精神的：木质的； woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的 7.貌似副词的形容词(名词词尾加ly变来的形容词)：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely
8. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状
6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如： His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
9. 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich /
poor;
good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如： The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
二、形容词常用句型
1.―It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式‖表示―某人（做某事）怎么样‖。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth
It’s very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）
2.―It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式‖表示―做某事对某人来说怎么样‖。=To do sth is adj for sb .
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.） 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful等常接不定式作状语。 I’m very sad to hear the bad news. Ⅱ副词 一、副词的基本用法：
1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前. He plays the piano very well .
2). 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后. He got up quickly
3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后. He is old enough to go to school . 二、常见副词，形容词用法辨析 1.already与yet的区别
already用于肯定句句中，表示―已经‖；yet用于否定句句末，表示―还‖，用于疑问句句末，表示―已经‖ He had_____left when I called. Have you found your ruler______？ 2 very，much和very much.的区别
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much. John is ____ honest. This garden is_____ bigger than that one. Thank you _____. 3.so与such的区别
so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词，My brotherruns so fast that I can’t follow him. He is such a boy. 4.also，too，as well与either 的区别 also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。
例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is ____a teacher. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher ______. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，_____. I can’t speak French…… Jenny can’t speak French，_____. 5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别
Sometime adj：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。（at an uncertain time in the past or in the future） Sometimes adv：有时，不时的= at times ，from time to time， occasionally
some time：一段时间 some times：几次，几倍 We’ll have a test ______next month. _____ we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in Beijing for _____ last year. 6.ago与before的区别 ago表示以现在为起点的―以前‖，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻―以前‖，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。在现在完成时里表在此之前。 I saw him ten minutes _______. He told me that he had seen the film______. 7.now，just与just now的区别 now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为―现在‖ just：与现在完成时连用，表示―刚……‖ just now：和过去时连用，表示―刚才‖ Where does he live______？ We have _______ seen the film. He was here______. 8.lonely / alone 的区别 alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv. Ⅲ、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级
一、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest 注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful important----less important----least important
English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English . 6.由 ―形容词+ly‖构成的副词,在其前加more/ most
slowly---more slowly----most slowly；但early—earlier---earliest 二、不规则变化
原级 good/well many/much little old bad/badly/ill far 比较级 better more less old / elder worse farther (距离)/further（程度） 最高级 best most least old /eldest worst farthest /furthest 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most 原级 like(想似的) real(真的) tired pleased often 比较级 more like more real more tired more pleased more often 最高级 most like most real most tired most pleased most often Ⅳ形容词，副词等级的用法 一、原级的用法
1.修饰原级，very，quite，so，too He is too tired to walk on. My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him. 2.原级常用的句型结构（1）A= B-----A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 ―A和B一样‖ Tom is as old as Kate. Tom runs as fast as Mike.
（2）A＜B---A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 ―A不如B…‖ This room is not as/so big as that one. 二、比较级的用法 1.可以修饰比较级的词.
much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然many（more+可数名词复数）， Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before. 2.比较级常用的句型结构 ―甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙‖表示―甲比乙…‖ Tom is taller than Kate. I got up earlier than my mother this morning. 三.最高级的用法
1).结构: the +最高级+ of +人或物( in +地点) 2).the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . 3).one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词 He is one of the cleverest students in our class.
4). ―特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？‖用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？
四.比级别的惯用法 1. ―比较级+and+比较级‖表示―越来越……‖。 He is getting taller and taller. 2. ―the+比较级，the+比较级‖表示―越…，越…‖。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 3.―甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……‖表示―甲是两者中较……的‖。 Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
He is taller than _____ boy in his class. He is taller than _____boy in our class .
例题解析：
( )1. He is ________ friends than I. A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more ( )2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?
A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing
( )3. There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990. A. little B. few C. fewer D. less ( )4. If you are not free today, come another day __________. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet ( )5．He can’t tell us ________, I think.
A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important. ( )6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
( )7. The light in the office wasn’t ________for him to read.