ͨ¹ý¼ÆËã±È½Ï1.0L6.0 mol.L-1µÄ°±Ë®Óë1.0 mol.L-1µÄKCNÈÜÒº£¬ÄÄÒ»¸ö¿ÉÈܽâ½Ï¶àAgI?
½â£ºÉè1.0L6.0 mol.L-1µÄ°±Ë®Èܽâx mol.L-1AgI£¬Ôòc([Ag(NH3)2]+)= x mol.L-1(ʵ¼ÊÉÏÓ¦ÂÔСÓÚx mol.L-1)
c (I-)= x mol.L-1
AgI(s) + 2 NH3¡¤H2O ====== [Ag(NH3)2]+ + I- + 2 H2O
ƽºâŨ¶È/£¨mol.L-1£© 6.0-2x x x
{c[Ag(NH3)2]?)}{c(I?)/c0}{c(Ag?)/c0}0?0K???K([Ag(NH)])?K(AgI)f32sp02?0 {c(NH3.H2O/c}){c(Ag)/c}0?1.12?107?8.52?10?17?9.54?10?10 Ôò
xx2?10 ?3.09?10?5 x?1.9?10?4 ?9.54?1026.0?2x(6.0?2x)¼´1.0L6.0 mol.L-1µÄ°±Ë®¿ÉÈܽâ1.9¡Á10-4mol.L-1AgI¡£
ͬÉÏ·½·¨£º AgI(s) + 2 CN- ===== [Ag(CN)2]- + I- ƽºâŨ¶È/£¨mol.L-1£© 1.0-2y y y K=Kf([Ag(CN)2]-)¡¤Ksp(AgI)=(1.26¡Á10)¡Á(8.52¡Á10)=1.07¡Á10
¦¨
¦¨
0
21
-17
5
Ôò
yy225?3.27?10 y=0.49(mol.L-1) ?1.07?1021.0?2y(1.0?2y)¼´1.0L 1.0 mol.L-1µÄKCNÈÜÒº¿ÉÈܽâ0.49mol.L-1AgI¡£¿É¼ûKCN¿ÉÈܽâ½Ï¶àµÄAgI¡£ 10£®0.10gAgBr¹ÌÌåÄÜ·ñÍêÈ«Èܽâ100mL1.00mol¡¤L-1µÄ°±Ë®ÖУ¿ ½â£º±¾ÌâÓжàÖÖ·½·¨Çó½â£¬ÏÖ½ö½éÉÜÁ½ÖÖ¡£
·½·¨1£ºÉè1.0L1.0 mol¡¤L-1°±Ë®¿ÉÈܽâx mol¡¤L-1AgBr,²¢ÉèÈܽâ´ïƽºâʱc([Ag(NH3)2]+)= x mol.L-1(ʵ¼ÊÉÏÓ¦ÂÔСÓÚx mol.L-1) , c(Br-)= x mol.L-1
AgBr(s) + 2 NH3¡¤H2O====== [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Br- + 2 H2O ƽºâŨ¶È/£¨mol.L-1£© 1.0-2x x x K=Kf([Ag(CN)2]-)¡¤Ksp(AgBr)=(1.12¡Á10)¡Á(5.35¡Á10)=5.99¡Á10
¦¨
¦¨
0
7
-13
-6
x2?6 x=2.4¡Á10-3 ?5.99?102(1.0?2x)¹Ê 1.0L1.0 mol.L-1µÄ°±Ë®¿ÉÈܽâ2.4¡Á10-3mol.L-1AgBr¡£Ôò100mL1.00mol¡¤L-1µÄ°±Ë®Ö»ÄÜÈܽâAgBrµÄ¿ËÊýΪ2.4¡Á10-3mol.L-1¡Á0.100L¡Á187.77g. mol-1 =0.045g<0.10g¡£¼´0.10g AgBr²»ÄÜÍêÈ«ÈܽâÓÚ100 mL1.0 mol.L-1µÄ°±Ë®ÖС£
·½·¨2£ºÇóÍêÈ«Èܽâ0.10gAgBrËùÐèNH3¡¤H2OµÄ×îµÍŨ¶È¡£
10g AgBrµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£ºn=0.10g¡Â187.77g. mol-1 =5.3¡Á10 mol
-4
-4
Éè 5.3¡Á10 molAgBrÈܽâÔÚ100mLµÄ°±Ë®ÖУº
AgBr(s) + 2 NH3¡¤H2O====== [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Br- + 2 H2O ÉèAgBrÈܽâ´ïƽºâºó£¬
c([Ag(NH3)2]+)=c(Br-)=5.3¡Á10 mol¡Â0.100L=5.3¡Á10mol¡¤L-1
-4
-3
ÓÉÉÏÖª£ºK=5.99¡Á10 ¿ÉÇóµÃ£º
¦¨-6
c(NH3¡¤H2O)ƽ=¡Ìc([Ag(NH3)2]¡Ác(Br)/K¡Á(c))¡Ác=
+-¦¨¦¨2¦¨
(5.3?10?3)20c?2.2mol¡¤L
5.99?10?6-1
ÈܽâAgBrʱÏûºÄ°±Ë®µÄŨ¶È£º
c(NH3¡¤H2O)Ïû=2¡Á5.3¡Á10mol¡¤L-1 =1.1¡Á10mol¡¤L-1
-3
-2
¹ÊÈܽâ0.10g(»ò5.3¡Á10 mol)AgBrËùÐè100mLµÄ°±Ë®Å¨¶ÈÖÁÉÙΪ£º 2mol¡¤L
-1
-4
+1.1¡Á10mol¡¤L-1¡Ö2.2mol¡¤L£¨£¾1.0 mol¡¤L-1£©
-2
-1
½áÂÛͬÉÏ¡£
11£®ÔÚ50 mL0.100mol¡¤LAgNO3ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÃܶÈΪ0.932g¡¤cmº¬NH3 18.2%µÄ°±Ë®30.0 mLºó,ÔÙ¼ÓË®³åÏ¡µ½100 mL¡£
ÇóËãÈÜÒºÖÐAg+¡¢[Ag(NH3)2]+ ºÍNH3¡¤H2OµÄŨ¶È¡£
Ïò´ËÈÜÒºÖмÓ0.0745 g¹ÌÌåKCl,ÓÐÎÞAgCl³ÁµíÎö³ö?ÈçÓû×èÖ¹AgCl³ÁµíÉú³É,ÔÚÔÀ´AgNO3ºÍ
-1
-3
NH3¡¤H2OµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐ, NH3¡¤H2OµÄ×îµÍŨ¶ÈÓ¦ÊǶàÉÙ?
Èç¼ÓÈë0.120 g¹ÌÌåKBr,ÓÐÎÞAgBr³ÁµíÉú³É?ÈçÓû×èÖ¹AgBrÉú³É,ÔÚÔÀ´AgNO3ºÍNH3¡¤H2O»ìºÏÒº
ÖÐNH3¡¤H2OµÄ×îµÍŨ¶ÈÊǶàÉÙ?¸ù¾Ý(2)(3)¼ÆËã½á¹û,¿ÉµÃ³öʲô½áÂÛ?
½â£ºc(NH3¡¤H2O)=0.932 g(mL)-1¡Á1000 mL¡Á18.2%¡Â17.0 g¡¤mol¡Â1L=9.98 mol¡¤L-1
-1
»ìºÏ³åÏ¡ºó£ºc(NH3¡¤H2O)= 9.98 mol¡¤L-1¡Á
30mL?0.050 mol¡¤L
100mL-1
(1) Ag+ + 2 NH3¡¤H2O====== [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 H2O ƽºâŨ¶È/£¨mol.L-1£© x 2.99-0.100+2x 0.050-x Kf½Ï´ó,¹Ê¿É½üËƼÆËã
¦¨
0.0500mol.L?1/c0K??1.12?107 x =5.35¡Á10?102?10(2.89mol.L/c)(xmol.L/c)0f+
-10
-1
-10
¼´ c(Ag)=5.35¡Á10mol.L,c([Ag(NH3)2]+ )=0.0500 mol.L-1, c(NH3¡¤H2O)=2.89 mol.L-1
(2)¼ÓÈë0.0745gKCl(s):
c(Cl-)=0.0745g¡Â74.551g.mol-1¡Â0.1L=0.0100 mol.L-1
J={c(Ag+)/c0}{ c(Cl-)/c0}=5.35¡Á10-10¡Á0.0100=5.35¡Á10-12£¼Ksp0(AgCl)=1.77¡Á10-10
¹ÊÎÞAgCl³ÁµíÉú³É£¬Óû×èÖ¹AgCl³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
0Ksp(AgCl)c(Ag?)?c(Cl)/c?0c0?1.77?10?8mol.L?1
c(NH3¡¤H2O)¡Ý
-
0.0500c0?0.502 mol.L-1 ?871.77?10?1.12?10-1
(3)c(Br)=0.120g¡Â119.00g.mol¡Â0.1L=0.0101 mol.L-1
J ={ c(Ag+)/c0}{ c(Br-)/c0}=5.35¡Á10-10¡Á0.0101=5.40¡Á10-12£¾Ksp0(AgBr)=5.35¡Á10-13
¹ÊÓÐAgBr³ÁµíÉú³É¡£Óû×èÖ¹AgBr³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
0Ksp(AgBr)c(Ag)??c(Br?)/c0c0?5.30?10?11mol.L?1
c(NH3¡¤H2O)¡Ý
0.05000c?9.18 mol.L-1 ?1175.30?10?1.12?10ÓÉ £¨2£©£¨3£©¼ÆËã½á¹û¿´³ö£¬AgClÄÜÈÜÓÚÏ¡NH3¡¤H2O£¬¶øAgBrÐëÓÃŨNH3¡¤H2O²ÅÄÜÈܽ⡣ 12£®¼ÆËãÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£Êý£¬²¢ÅжϷ´Ó¦½øÐеķ½Ïò¡£ £¨1£©[HgCl4]2- + 4I- ===== [HgI4]2- + 4Cl-
ÒÑÖªKf0([HgCl4]2-)=1.17¡Á1015, Kf0([HgI4]2-)=6.76¡Á1029
(2) [Cu(CN)2]- + 2 NH3¡¤H2O ===== [Cu(NH3)2]+ + 2CN- +2 H2O ÒÑÖªKf0£¨[Cu(CN)2]-)=1.00¡Á1024, Kf0([Cu(NH3)2]+ ) = 7.24¡Á1010 (3) [Fe(NCS)2] + 6F ===== [FeF6]3- + 2SCN-
+
-
ÒÑÖª£ºKf0£¨[Fe(NCS)2]£©=2.29¡Á103, Kf0£¨[FeF6]3-£©=2.04¡Á1014¡£
+
½â£º£¨1£©[HgCl4]2- + 4I- ===== [HgI4]2- + 4Cl-
02?2?0?042?0K([HgI]){c([HgI])/c}{c(Cl)/c}c(Hg)/c6.76?1029f40144K?????5.78?102?{c([HgCl4]2?)/c0}{c(I?)/c0}4c(Hg2?)/c0K01.17?1015f([HgCl4])K 0ºÜ´ó£¬¹Ê·´Ó¦ÏòÓÒ½øÐС£
£¨2£©[Cu(CN)2]- + 2 NH3¡¤H2O ===== [Cu(NH3)2]+ + 2CN- +2 H2O
7.24?1010?14 K?0??7.24?10?24Kf([Cu(CN)2])1.0?100?K0f([Cu(NH3)2]K0ºÜС£¬¹Ê¸Ã·´Ó¦Ïò×ó½øÐС£
£¨3£©[Fe(NCS)2] + 6F ===== [FeF6]3- + 2SCN-
+
-
2.04?101410 K?0??8.91?10?3Kf([Fe(NCS)2])2.29?1003?K0f([FeF6])K 0ºÜ´ó£¬¹Ê¸Ã·´Ó¦ÏòÓÒ½øÐС£