雅思阅读基础班教案step1
教学目标：
1. 了解雅思阅读；
2. 了解雅思阅读真经总纲；
3. 找到顺序感，学会定位词，并掌握正确的阅读方法。
教学步骤：
1. 大致了解雅思阅读； 2. 快速看总纲；
3. 学习两种常见的出题顺序及其阅读方法； 4. 学习如何快速在原文中定位题目信息； 5. 总结并强调真经阅读法。
教学过程：
I. 关于雅思阅读 1. 雅思阅读的特点
雅思阅读考试与其他考试相比特点突出：阅读量大（2700单词左右），时间短（60分钟），但是文章中有的自然段不出题（无效信息不用读）。 雅思阅读有两种：General Training和Academic Training, 试卷不同。
A类与G类内容相同之处在于A类除生活化范畴之外，加入考生在学业上、学术上的探讨与了解，而G类较着重于社会上的、语言的、工作训练等的主题。
Academic training类与General training类的考题都以\三大段\的文章为基本结构,大约1500-3000字之间,内容多样,甚至有时以图表、表格的方式出现,学生答题的方式亦有多种答题形式,每篇文章后约有13道题目，共约38-42题。 注意：阅读部分的主题并不是为了考察学生对学术的专业度或认知度，所以学生千万别因对主题的陌生而紧张起来。
雅思官方网站称雅思阅读是“Reading with Purpose” ,就是“有目的的阅读”。这个purpose其实就是解题，就是带着题目中的定位词阅读。所以雅思阅读就是“以解题为目的的阅读”，一定要先读题。从这个意义上讲，“雅思阅读就是不读文章，直接做题”。 2. 雅思阅读题型介绍 雅思阅读题型汇总 1 Matching题型 从属关系搭配或对应 2 Summary题型 摘要填空 3 Short answer questions题型 简答题 4 True/False/Not Given题型 是非题 5 Headings题型 找小标题 6 Multiple choice题型 选择题
7 Sentence completion题型 完成句子 8 Diagram/flowchart/table completion题型 填表填图 9 其他题型 直接填空、多选多+排序、全文主旨
雅思阅读题型分类 主旨类 细节类 标题对应Matching 最佳标题Titles 概述题Summary 判断题True/False/Not Given 配对题Matching 填空题Sentence completion 简答题 图表题Diagram/flowchart/table 选择题Multiple choice
一个小建议：每天应保证阅读量
实力的恢复，决非一两个星期能见效。因此，每天应保证至少半个小时的阅读量。通过阅读，恢复语感。阅读过程中，注意力不应放在生词上，而应放在获取信息上。读不懂的地方，先跳过去，保持一定的阅读速度，读词群，而不是读单个的词，否则会影响你的理解力。材料内容越广泛越好，只要是英文材料，无论是报刊杂志，小说，还是说明书，都可以拿来读。这样可以为强化阶段的挑信息式的速读打好基础。
II. 雅思阅读真经总纲（by Liu Hongbo）
阅读先看题，定位快寻觅， 两种题后做，优先细节题， 同义替换多，单词有灵犀。
填词有规律，前后找痕迹， 并列需细查，生词不用疑， 难度为中等，变换四种体。
填表填图题，一见笑眯眯， 顺藤能摸瓜，按图可索骥， 答案常集中，原是送分题。
段落选标题，连锁不简单， 段中找两点，中心藏后边。
判断实不难，真假未提及， 末段少驳斥，首题少NG。 我有七种意，天下剑桥题。
多选找并列，单选是TRUE题， 如遇选标题，末段加大意。
匹配乱序多，定位找同义， 段落含信息，小心有NB。
莫夸境界高，无招胜有招， 三剑已合璧，笑看雅思迷。
III. 阅读先看题——找到顺序感 真题的顺序
一篇雅思阅读文章后附有2～4种题型，大多数情况下共13道题目，这样3篇文章就组成了40道题。这是从试卷表面能够清晰看到的。 而从表面上看不到的是，雅思阅读真题试卷有2种出题顺序。 顺序1：各题型按原文顺序安排（“正序”） 顺序2：各题型乱序组合（“混搭”） 正序
正序设计如同按年代时间顺序摄制而成的纪录片，十分易于跟随理解。
真题事例A（正序）
《剑桥雅思8》第41页Test2 Reading Passage1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Sheet glass manufacture: the float process
Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃)this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.
Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.
The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair
Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass,
eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600~C), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500~C). The best metal for the job was tin.
The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604~C or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six millimetre glass.
Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company ￡100, 000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.
Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several
processes - melting, refining, homogenising - take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate
zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.
The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6. 8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the