租船课堂笔记整理完美版 - 图文

(4)NOR必须提交:没有交通知书怎么办? ·从实际装卸开始计算Laytime.

·法院重视NOR,因为相当于使租家毫无准备,通知是必备要件,不通知则船方承担责任。

(5)节假日交NOR是否算通知书? ·原则上不算。

·英国判例\:周日交NOR视为周一0000以后交NOR,根据GENCON,为周一下午1点开始起算。

三、装卸时间起算

·船舶满足上述三个条件后,扣除Notice Time/Turn Time后起算。

·若上述四个人接到NOR后成心不接受,使得船方白白浪费时间等待,要承担责任。

1,起算原则

·一旦起算,连续计算。(就像滞期一样:一旦滞期永远滞期),除非以下情况。

2,装卸时间中断

(1)租船合同约定不计算装卸时间的时间(Laytime Exception) ·WWD

·装卸时间除外条款:e,g,COR7-A5:战争、造反、骚乱、起义罢工、矿工、检阅等等;矿井事故;发货人or收货人工作场所、码头的事故等等自然、认为的不可抗力。 (2)船东违约延误的时间损失

·如装卸期间船舶发电机停电导致无法装卸

四、装卸时间的终止

·装完货、关舱、所有的装卸设备移走为结束。

五、装卸时间事实记录的编制(SOF) ·船代帮助装卸的流水账

六、滞期和滞留损失

1,什么叫Demurrage?(合同约定了费率) ·VOYLAYRULES 93-A24

24,\to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is to responsible. Demurrage shall not be subject to laytime exceptions. ·超出约定的装卸时间,是租船人给船东的金额。

·英国法下是属于合同约定的补充金额,不属于违约赔偿。

2,什么叫Damage Detention(有or无约定费率) ·跟装卸无关的时间延误

·CQD下,延误产生的Detention

·规定了装卸时间下(不是约定,如港口要求船减速慢行导致超过约定的装卸时间)

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·租方在提单等方面的延误导致船方延误 ·Detention计算包括Demurrage + Profit/Day ·GENCON 76-A7

7. Demurrage See Rider Clause Ten running days on demurrage at the rate stated in Box 18 per day or pro rata for any part of a day, payable day by day, to be allowed Merchants altogether at ports of loading and discharging. 金康76下,可允许10天滞期,超过10天则船东可要求租方detention.

·GENCON 94-A7 7. Demurrage Demurrage at the loading and discharging port is payable by the Charterers at the rate stated in Box 20 in the manner stated in Box 20 per day or pro rata for any part of a day. Demurrage shall fall due day by day and shall be payable upon receipt of the Owners' invoice. 金康94下,无此约定,所有Demurrage时间按约定计算。

3,滞期费的计算

·总原则——一旦滞期,永远滞期,除非下列三种除外情况: (1)It counts as per like laytime

(2)Demurrage exception clause中规定的除外时间(注意:laytime exception不适用demurrage计算)

【案】\

(3)船东或船舶过失引起的时间损失不计算为滞期

4,滞期费何时支付 按合同约定。

【案】一船装油,被海关扣留,理由是有走私油嫌疑。被扣了18天18小时,后来放了。船东要算滞期费,租方认为这是政府的错误行为,不是租方的过错。船东理由是租约里有租方必须保证货物的合法性,因为合法性问题而船被查验导致滞期,租方负责。一审法院支持船方。二审则认为双方无过错,合同也没有明确规定货物本身合法因为政府错误行为导致的滞期,依公平原则,租方付9天9小时。

七,速遣费Despatch ·VOYLAYRULES 93-A25 25,\if the vessel completes loading or discharging before the laytime has expired. ·表示方法:

ATS节约的所有时间

AWTS节约的所有工作时间

DHD AWTS (DHD:dispatch money is half of demurrage)

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八、装卸时间的计算方法

1,Common Law方法(英国法)

两港单独计算金额:装货港卸货港分别计算滞期金额。 2,to average laytime装卸货时间平均计算 ·VOYLAYRULES 93-A17

17, \loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the other. e.g. 装超期3天,卸节约1天:3滞期-1天速遣=2天滞期 3,Reversible latime/ all purpose/ total laytime for loading & discharging port ·VOYLAYRULES 93-A18

18, \time allowed for loading and discharging. Where the option is exercised the effect is the same as a total time being specified to cover both operations. e.g.约定“装5卸6”,在此方法下,在装超期3天,则“借用”卸港的3天用于装港,则到卸港时候只有3天laytime了。

第十二节 船东对货物的责任条款

一、GENCON-A2的规定 2. Owners' Responsibility Clause The Owners are to be responsible for loss of or damage to the goods or for delay in delivery of the goods only in case the loss, damage or delay has been caused by personal want of due diligence on the part of the Owners or their Manager to make the Vessel in all respects seaworthy and to secure that she is properly manned, equipped and supplied, or by the personal act or default of the Owners or their Manager. And the Owners are not responsible for loss, damage or delay arising from any other cause whatsoever, even from the neglect or default of the Master or crew or some other person employed by the Owners on board or ashore for whose acts they would, but for this Clause, be responsible, or from unseaworthiness of the Vessel on loading or commencement of the voyage or at any time whatsoever. 【三层意思】

(1)船东对于货物的lost, damage, delay不负责

(2)除非是船东本人或经营人没有保证适航,船东要负责

(3)或者除非船东本人或者经营人个人的行为或者疏忽行为,船东要负责

e.g. 无单放货(但必须是船东本人(personal)知道的船东才负责,若是船长自己放货船东并不知道,船东不负责)

1,船东本人和经营人谨慎处理使船适航 2,船东管货责任

·GENCON76:仅负Stowage责任(若Stowage也是租方负责,则船方没有管货责任) ·GENCON94:船东没有管货责任

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二、若合同附加首要条款(H/R, HV/R, COGSA36/71)

·船东要负责7个管货义务: load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care, discharge ·在GENCON94-A5中“FIOST”条款——管货皆由租家负责。

·但若并入了首要条款,则依首要条款船东负责管货。但是A5中关于租方负责支付上述费用的规定依然适用,即租方负责支付费用,船方负责管货。 GENCON94-A5 5. Loading/Discharging (a) Costs/Risks The cargo shall be brought into the holds, loaded, stowed and/or trimmed, tallied, lashed and/or secured and taken from the holds and discharged by the Charterers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the Owners. The Charterers shall provide and lay all dunnage material as required for the proper stowage and protection of the cargo on board, the Owners allowing the use of all dunnage available on board. The Charterers shall be responsible for and pay the cost of removing their dunnage after discharge of the cargo under this Charter Party and time to count until dunnage has been removed.

三、GENCON合同下

·金康合同下,船东不负责管货;提单下船东负责管货。 ·管货发生了问题,非租方的提单持有人依提单要船东赔付。

·船方在赔付提单持有人后,依据GENCON94-A2,转而向租方要求indemnify是可以的。 ·若加了首要条款,提单持有人向船东索赔卸货中的货损,船东应当赔,且船东无法向租方要回赔款。

第十三节 船东转运货物权利条款

一、若合同无约定,船东无转运权

二、除外情况

1,船在中途发生海事或遭遇自然灾害使合同受阻,则可以转船。 在到付运费下,船东才愿意转船。 CTL: Construct Total Lost ATL: Actual Total Lost

如船发生海难,保险人测算后发现转运的费用远远高于船货价值,则视为推定全损。若运费是到付运费,船东会想方设法转运;若是预付运费,船东一般会放弃。

2,发生共同海损的转船

如船在维修,货物需要转船,船方不需要租方同意就可以转船,费用是共同海损共同分摊。

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