4. Economies
Tape script:
A-Anchor P-Net Potter S-Specialist
A: We’re gonna take a closer look tonight again at the future of the Internet. Not that we have anything but the vaguest idea where it’s going in the long run. One of the truly fascinating and somewhat unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is how many technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we’re going to inch our way into the future.
P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web is everywhere. S1: Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.
P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.
S2: In many ways, the Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.
P: Keep in mind that the we, transmitting by satellites, cell phone, cable, goes through no one central location that anyone controls. So many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the world’s languages will disappear as the net connects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.
S3: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, who could deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour.
P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.
B1 person to person/ real many more real 1. relatives friends 3. neighbors 1. careers
4. colleagues 2. medical crises
5. by phone… 4. choosing a school or college B2 more people keeping more to ourselves Tape script:
There’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up with a term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. And now a big research study confirms it.
Barry Wellman’s term is “networked individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.
Here’s what he means. Until the Internet and email came along, our social networks involved flesh-and blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was
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by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.
But the latest study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in flavor of a make-believe world on flickering computer screens.
To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on careers, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with major life decisions.
So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same time reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse! Part IV
daily communication broadcast programs in print listening failure digit losses ignore
read Intensive training regular commas sensitivity to numbers
Unit 6
Part ⅠA 1-(d) 2-(a) 3-(g) 4-(b) 5-(f) 6-(e) 7-(c) Paris/ 1932/ Berlin Tokyo 1972 Tape script
● Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900. ● In 1924, the first winter games were held in Chamonix.
● In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. ● In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.
● The 1956 Olympics in Melbourne were the first Olympic games to be held in the southern
hemisphere.
● Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.
● In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening
ceremony.
B baseball watch games on television or listen on the radio/ American football play the sport/ soccer Tape script:
What is the most popular sport in the United States? That may be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular.”
● One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch
it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.
● Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on
the television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.
● And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the
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sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.
C 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (i) 6. (c) 7. (g) 8. (b) 9. (j) 10. (f) Tape script:
Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes – and up – and down – and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knees as high as you can. Hold your legs with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee – up – pull towards you –and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back – keep your head up! And relax…feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position – now up. Stretch your arms to the sides at shoulder height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles – that’s right – and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. Ok – if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin. Part ⅡA Section 1
1. a. friendly/warm/affectionate
b. drunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push/people around/smash glasses/monsters
2. He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly at football
matches.
Section 2 enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence
Section 3 rugby/tennis They sit there silently throughout. Tape script: Section 1
M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and I live near a football ground, Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’ clock, drunk, aggressive – they scream, they shout, and … after the world cup Fi-, after the world cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters. Section 2
JE: But do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all. And people have been… sat there, you know, quite happy, opposing teams next to each other.
J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there?
M: Well, but it is, it’s not …it’s …in brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’s no aggression or violence, or… there’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures. Section 3
A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people
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getting into enclosed spaces together.
J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches – go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…
M: Go to pop concerts…
J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.
A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated….
B goodwill between the nations / football or cricket / on the battle field / international sporting contests / competitive / little meaning /pick up sides / the fun and exercise / some larger unit / aroused / school football match / the attitude of the spectators/ the nations / tests of national virtue
Part Ⅲ A
1. since 1988 2. in 2001 3. in 1948 4. in 1960 5. by 2004 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (e) Tape script:
The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and The International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.
The Paralympic games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it from men who suffered spinal cord injuries in world war two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.
Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries. B
1. wheelchair tennis and baseball 2. teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sort as if they were disabled for the Paralympics 3. the ability to move his legs 4. his body and mind again 5. wireless earphones visual interpreters Tape script
The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and The International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.
The Paralympic games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it from men who suffered spinal cord injuries in world war two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.
Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.
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