指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）
He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he） The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.
会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman） B．Whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.
有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others） The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.
和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）
Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom） Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who） C．Whose
人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 There are some people whose faces you can never forget.
有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees） D．Which
1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 English is a language which is easy to learn.
英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略） The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.
孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)
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2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。 Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.
吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test） Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.
希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而