12. Íù0.3582 gº¬CaC03¼°²»ÓëËá×÷ÓÃÔÓÖʵÄʯ»ÒʯÀï¼ÓÈë25.00 mL 0.147 1mol¡¤L¡ª1HCIÈÜÒº£¬¹ýÁ¿µÄËáÐèÓÃ10.15mLNaOHÈÜÒº»ØµÎ¡£ÒÑÖª1 mLNaOHÈÜÒºÏ൱ÓÚ1.032mLHClÈÜÒº¡£Çóʯ»ÒʯµÄ´¿¶È¼°C02µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£ ½â£º·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ
2HCl + CaCO3 ¡ú H2O + CO2 + CaCl2
1n (HCl) = n(CaCO3) 21?100.12?100%1?44.012?100%(0.02500?0.15?10?3?1.032)?0.1471?CaCO3% =
0.3582(0.02500?0.15?10?3?1.032)?0.1471?= 29.85%
CO2% =
0.3582= 13.12%
13. º¬ÓÐS03µÄ·¢ÑÌÁòËáÊÔÑù1.400 g£¬ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ÓÃ0.805 0 mol¡¤L-1NaOHÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨Ê±ÏûºÄ36.10mL£¬ÇóÊÔÑùÖÐS03ºÍH2SO4µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý(¼ÙÉèÊÔÑùÖв»º¬ÆäËûÔÓÖÊ)¡£ ½â£ºÉèSO3ºÍH2SO4µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý·Ö±ðΪ xºÍy£¬ÔòÓÐ
1.400?x%1.400?y%1???0.8050?36.10?10?3
80.0698.002 x%?y%?1
½â·½³Ì×éµÃ x%?7.93%£¬y%?92.07%
-1
14. ÓÐÒ»Na2C03ÓëNaHC03µÄ»ìºÏÎï0.3729g£¬ÒÔ0.1348mol¡¤LHCIÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨£¬Ó÷Óָ̪ʾÖÕµãʱºÄÈ¥21.36mL£¬ÊÔÇóµ±ÒÔ¼×»ù³ÈָʾÖÕµãʱ£¬½«ÐèÒª¶àÉÙºÁÉýµÄHCIÈÜÒº? ½â£ºµ±Ó÷Ó̪×÷ָʾ¼Áʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐNa2CO3ÓëHCL·´Ó¦£¬n(Na2CO3) = n(HCL) ¹Ê m(Na2CO3) = 0.1348 ¡Á21.36 ¡Á10-3 ¡Á105.99 = 0.3052g
m(NaHCO3) = 0.3729£0.3052 = 0.06770g
µ±µÎÖÁ¼×»ù³È±äɫʱNa2CO3ÏûºÄHCl 21.36 ¡Á 2 = 42.72£¨mL£© NaHCO3ÏûºÄHCL =
0.06770= 5.98(mL) ¹²ÏûºÄHCL 42.72 + 5.98 = 48.70£¨mL£©
84.01?0.1348
15. ³ÆÈ¡»ìºÏ¼îÊÔÑù0.9476g£¬¼Ó·Óָ̪ʾ¼Á£¬ÓÃ0.278 5 mol¡¤L-1HCIÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁÖյ㣬¼ÆºÄÈ¥ËáÈÜÒº34.12mL£¬ÔÙ¼Ó¼×»ù³Èָʾ¼Á£¬µÎ¶¨ÖÁÖյ㣬ÓÖºÄÈ¥Ëá23.66 mL¡£ÇóÊÔÑùÖи÷×é·ÖµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£ ½â£ºÒòΪV1= 34.12mL¡µV2 = 23.66mL, ËùÒÔ£¬»ìºÏ¼îÖк¬ÓÐNaOH ºÍNa2CO3
23.66?10?3?0.2785?105.99?100% = 73.71% Na2CO3% =
0.9476(34.12?23.66)?10?3?0.2785?40.01?100% = 12.30% NaOH% =
0.9476
16. ³ÆÈ¡»ìºÏ¼îÊÔÑù0.652 4g£¬ÒÔ·Ó̪Ϊָʾ¼Á£¬ÓÃ0.199 2mol¡¤L-1HCI±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁÖյ㣬ÓÃÈ¥ËáÈÜÒº21.76mL¡£ÔÙ¼Ó¼×»ù³Èָʾ¼Á£¬µÎ¶¨ÖÁÖյ㣬ÓÖºÄÈ¥ËáÈÜÒº27.15 mL¡£ÇóÊÔÑùÖи÷×é·ÖµÄÖÊÁ¿·Ö
25
Êý¡£
½â£ºÒòΪV2 =27.15.12mL¡µV1=21.76mL, ËùÒÔ£¬»ìºÏ¼îÖк¬ÓÐNaHCO3 ºÍNa2CO3
21.76?10?3?0.1992?105.99?100% = 70.42% Na2CO3% =
0.65240.1992?(27.15?21.76)?10?3?84.01?100% =13.83% NaHCO3% =
0.6524
17. Ò»ÊÔÑù½öº¬NaOHºÍNa2C03£¬Ò»·ÝÖØ0.3515gÊÔÑùÐè35.00mL 0.198 2mol¡¤L-1HCIÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨µ½·Ó̪±äÉ«£¬ÄÇô»¹ÐèÔÙ¼ÓÈ˶àÉÙºÁÉý0.1982 mol¡¤L-1HCIÈÜÒº¿É´ïµ½ÒÔ¼×»ù³ÈΪָʾ¼ÁµÄÖÕµã? ²¢·Ö±ð¼ÆËãÊÔÑùÖÐNaOHºÍNa2C03µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý
½â£ºÉèNaOHº¬Á¿Îªx%£¬Na2CO3º¬Á¿Îªy%£¬ÐèV mL HCl, Ôò
yV?0.1982?10?3?106.0? 1000.3515 x(35.00?V)?10?3?0.1982?40.01? 1000.3515xy??1
100100½âµÃ V = 5.65mL, x = 66.21, y = 33.77
18. һƿ´¿KOHÎüÊÕÁËC02ºÍË®£¬³ÆÈ¡Æä»ìÔÈÊÔÑù1.186g£¬ÈÜÓÚË®£¬Ï¡ÊÍÖÁ500.0mL£¬ÎüÈ¡50.00 mL£¬ÒÔ25.00 mL 0.087 17 mol¡¤L-1HCI´¦Àí£¬Öó·ÐÇý³ýC02£¬¹ýÁ¿µÄËáÓÃ0.023 65mol¡¤L-1NaOHÈÜÒº10.09mLµÎÖÁ·Ó̪Öյ㡣ÁíÈ¡50.00mLÊÔÑùµÄÏ¡ÊÍÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄÖÐÐÔBaCl2£¬ÂËÈ¥³Áµí£¬ÂËÒºÒÔ20.38 mLÉÏÊöËáÈÜÒºµÎÖÁ·Ó̪Öյ㡣¼ÆËãÊÔÑùÖÐKOH¡¢K2C03ºÍH20µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£
20.38?10?3?0.08717?56.11?56.11?100% = 84.05% ½â£º KOH% =11.186?101?(0.08717?25.00?10?3?20.38?10?3?0.08717?0.02365?10.09?10?3)?138.2?100% K2CO3%=11.186?10= 9.56% H2O% =1£84.05%£9.56% = 6.39%
19. ÓÐÒ»Na3P04ÊÔÑù£¬ÆäÖк¬ÓÐNa2HP04¡£³ÆÈ¡0.9974 g£¬ÒÔ·Ó̪Ϊָʾ¼Á£¬ÓÃ0.2648mol¡¤l-1HCIÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁÖյ㣬ÓÃÈ¥16.97mL£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈë¼×»ù³Èָʾ¼Á£¬¼ÌÐøÓÃ0.2648mol¡¤L-1HCIÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁÖÕµãʱ£¬ÓÖÓÃÈ¥23.36 mL¡£ÇóÊÔÑùÖÐNa3P04¡¢Na2HP04µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£
0.2648?16.97?10?3?163.94?100% =73.86% ½â£ºNa3PO4% =
0.99740.2648?(23.36?16.97)?10?3?141.96?100% =24.08% Na2HPO4% =
0.9974
20. ³ÆÈ¡25.00gÍÁÈÀÊÔÑùÖÃÓÚ²£Á§ÖÓÕÖµÄÃܱտռäÄÚ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²·ÅÈËÊ¢ÓÐ100.0mLNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÔ²ÅÌÒÔ
26
ÎüÊÕC02£¬48hºóÎüÈ¡25.00mLNaOHÈÜÒº£¬ÓÃ13.58mL 0.115 6 mol¡¤L-1HClÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁ·Ó̪Öյ㡣¿Õ°×ÊÔÑéʱ25.00mLNaOHÈÜÒºÐè25.43 mLÉÏÊöËáÈÜÒº£¬¼ÆËãÔÚϸ¾ú×÷ÓÃÏÂÍÁÈÀÊÍ·ÅC02µÄËٶȣ¬ÒÔmg C02£¯[g(ÍÁÈÀ)¡¤h]±íʾ¡£
1½â£ºn(CO3) =n(NaOH), n(NaOH) = n(HCl)
22-
(25.43?13.58)?10?3?0.1156?44.01?4?1000ÊÍ·ÅCO2µÄËÙ¶È = = 0.2010mg¡¤g-1¡¤h-1
25.00?48
21. Á×ËáÑÎÈÜÒºÐèÓÃ12.25mL±ê×¼ËáÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁ·Ó̪Öյ㣬¼ÌÐøµÎ¶¨ÐèÔÙ¼Ó36.75mLËáÈÜÒºÖÁ¼×»ù³ÈÖյ㣬¼ÆËãÈÜÒºµÄpH¡£
½â£ºÓÉÌâÒå¿ÉÖªÁ×ËáÑÎÈÜÒºÊÇÓÉPO43-+HPO42-×é³ÉµÄ»º³åÈÜÒº£¬
ÉèËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪc, Á×ËáÑεÄÌå»ýΪV, Ôò
c?(36.75?12.25)?10c?12.25?10?3c (PO4) = c (HPO42-) =
VV3-
?3
c?(36.75?12.25)?10?3ca+V¡²H¡³=¡Áka c (H+) = 4.4¡Á10-13 ¡Á= 8.8 ¡Á10-13£¨mol¡¤L-1£© pH =12.06
cbc?12.25?10?3V22. ³ÆÈ¡¹èËáÑÎÊÔÑù0.1000g£¬¾ÈÛÈڷֽ⣬³ÁµíK2SiF6£¬È»ºó¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´¾»£¬Ë®½â²úÉúµÄHFÓÃ0.1477 mol¡¤L-1NaOH±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨¡£ÒÔ·Ó̪×÷ָʾ¼Á£¬ºÄÈ¥±ê×¼ÈÜÒº24.72 mL¡£¼ÆËãÊÔÑùÖÐSi02µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£ ½â£º K2SiF6£«2H2O = 2KF£«SiO2£«4HF NaOH£«HF = NaF£«H2O n (SiO2) =
1n (NaOH) 41?0.1477?24.72?10?3?60.084?100% = 54.84% SiO2% =
0.1000
23. Óû¼ì²âÌùÓШD3£¥H202¡¬µÄ¾ÉÆ¿ÖÐH202µÄº¬Á¿£¬ÎüÈ¡Æ¿ÖÐÈÜÒº5.00 mL£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Br2£¬·¢ÉúÏÂÁз´Ó¦£ºH202 + Br2 == 2Br - + 02 + 2H+ ×÷ÓÃ10 minºó£¬¸ÏÈ¥¹ýÁ¿µÄBr2£¬ÔÙÒÔ0.316 2 mol¡¤L-1ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦²úÉúµÄH+¡£Ðè17.08mL´ïµ½Öյ㣬¼ÆËãÆ¿ÖÐH202µÄº¬Á¿(ÒÔg£¯100mL±íʾ)¡£ ½â£º n (H2O2) = 1n(NaOH)
20.3168?7.08?10?3?34.02?H2O2µÄº¬Á¿ =
5.0012?100= 1.837(g/100mL)
24. ÓÐÒ»HCI+H3B03»ìºÏÊÔÒº£¬ÎüÈ¡25.00 mL£¬Óü׻ùºì¡ªäå¼×·ÓÂÌָʾÖյ㣬Ðè0.199 2mol¡¤L-1NaOH
27
ÈÜÒº21.22mL£¬ÁíÈ¡25.00mLÊÔÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¸Ê¶´¼ºó£¬Ðè38.74mLÉÏÊö¼îÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁ·Ó̪Öյ㣬ÇóÊÔÒºÖÐHCIÓëH3B03µÄº¬Á¿£¬ÒÔmg¡¤mL-1±íʾ¡£ 0.1992?21.22?10?3?36.46?1000½â£ºHClµÄº¬Á¿ = = 6.165£¨mg¡¤mL-1£©
25.0001992?(38.74?21.22)?10?3?61.83?1000H3BO3µÄº¬Á¿ = = 8.631£¨mg¡¤mL-1£©
25.00
25. °¢Ë¾Æ¥ÁÖ¼´ÒÒõ£Ë®ÑîËᣬÆ京Á¿¿ÉÓÃËá¼îµÎ¶¨·¨²â¶¨¡£³ÆÈ¡ÊÔÑù0.2500 g£¬×¼È·¼ÓÈë50£®00mL 0£®102 0mol¡¤L-1µÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬Öó·Ð£¬ÀäÈ´ºó£¬ÔÙÒÔC£¨H2SO4£©¶þ0.052 64mol¡¤L-1µÄH2SO4ÈÜÒº23.75mL»ØµÎ¹ýÁ¿µÄNaOH£¬ÒÔ·Óָ̪ʾÖյ㣬ÇóÊÔÑùÖÐÒÒõ£Ë®ÑîËáµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£ÒÑÖª£º·´Ó¦Ê½¿É±íʾΪ
HOOCC6H4OCOCH3¡ú NaOOCC6H40Na HOOCC6H4OCOCH3µÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿Îª180.16g¡¤mol-1¡£ ½â£ºn (ÒÒõ£Ë®ÑïËá) =1n (NaOH) = n (H2SO4)
2(0.1020?50.00?10?3?0.5264?23.75?10?3?2)?ÒÒõ£Ë®ÑïËá% =
0.25001?180.62?100% = 93.67%
26. Ò»·Ý1.992g´¿õ¥ÊÔÑù£¬ÔÚ25.00 mLÒÒ´¼¡ªKOHÈÜÒºÖмÓÈÈÔí»¯ºó£¬ÐèÓÃ14.73mL 0.3866mol¡¤L-1H2SO4ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ÖÁäå¼×·ÓÂÌÖյ㡣25.00 mLÒÒ´¼¡ªKOHÈÜÒº¿Õ°×ÊÔÑéÐèÓÃ34.54mLÉÏÊöËáÈÜÒº¡£ÊÔÇóõ¥µÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿¡£
½â£º n (õ¥) = (34.54£14.73) ¡Á10-3 ¡Á 0.3866 ¡Á2 = 0.1532 (mol?L-1)
M =
1.992=130.1( g¡¤moL-1 )
0.01532
27. Óлú»¯Ñ§¼ÒÓûÇóµÃкϳɴ¼µÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿£¬È¡ÊÔÑù55.0mg£¬ÒÔ´×Ëáôû·¨²â¶¨Ê±£¬ÐèÓÃ0.096 90mol¡¤l-1NaOH l0.23mL¡£ÓÃÏàͬÁ¿´×Ëáôû×÷¿Õ°×ÊÔÑéʱ£¬ÐèÓÃͬһŨ¶ÈµÄNaOHÈÜÒº14.71 mLµÎ¶¨ËùÉú³ÉµÄËᣬÊÔ¼ÆËã´¼µÄÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿£¬ÉèÆä·Ö×ÓÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÒ»OH¡£ ½â£ºÓÉÌâÒåÖª£º2n (´×Ëáôû) = n(NaOH)¿Õ°×
2n (´×Ëáôû)£ n (´¼) = n (NaOH)Ñù
ËùÒÔ£¬ n (´¼) = n (NaOH)¿Õ°×£n(NaOH)Ñù
M(´¼) =
55.0 =126.7
0.09690?(14.71?10.23)28