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2 Ignorance - People can be totally unaware about a situation, yet form their own views and judgments. They often tend to jump to conclusions based on rumors. Emotions - People take offense or get angry before the actual situation occurs. They become anxious and harbor unrealistic expectations.
Stress - It is the main reason that causes physical as well as mental problems. Stress creates feeling of anger, irritation and frustration.
Blind beliefs - People live entirely on the lines that are drawn by others and do not have their own point of view. They are too conscious about society and its reactions to them.
3 Yes, I'm often irrational because of different kinds of stress, uncertainty about my future, and sensitivity to how people look at me.
No, I don't think I'm irrational because I always use my logic and common sense to judge things and react to what has happened to me. Scripts:
As the most intelligent animal on this earth, we are supposed to behave in a rational way, i.e., act according to logic and reason required in a situation. But does that really happen? Do we always behave rationally? Certainly not. There are a lot of people who behave irrationally, causing problems to themselves as well as to others. Irrational behavior is part of human nature, but as MIT Professor Ariely has discovered, people tend to behave irrationally in a predictable fashion. Though we cannot explain the exact cause behind irrational behavior, we know that it is a manner of behavior not based on logic and reasoning. I would like to give you an
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example of irrational behavior. If a person has heard about someone suffering from some disease, he will start thinking that he may suffer from the same disease. This is irrational
and illogical behavior. I don't think this behavior is always intentional.
Reading comprehension Understanding the text 1
1 He was imposing on his troops a necessary sacrifice to achieve victory over their opponents. By doing this, the soldiers would be more determined and concentrated on the battles.
2 The purpose for the experiment is to investigate seemingly irrational human behavior when making a decision, such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open.
3 The experiment enabled people to see why it's always so hard for them to say \to any opportunities that came to them. In everyday life, people just give excuses to keep options open.
4 Students should quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the highest cash. They should absolutely ignore the vanishing doors.
5 Because we can see that the students didn't really focus on ensuring future cash earnings. What they tried to avoid was the immediate pain of watching options close.
6 Because in life the doors are closing slowly, not like the ones on the computer in
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the experiment, people don't really see the opportunities actually vanishing away little by little.
7 He suggests that people should prohibit overbooking, reduce options, delegate tasks to others, and even give away ideas to others to pursue.
8 People can obtain pleasure and satisfaction by focusing their energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion. They will have more with fewer, carefully chosen options. Critical thinking 2
1 ~ Surprising but very strategic and visionary. ~ Reflection of his unique foresight and wisdom. ~ Knowledgeable about winning battles. ~ Experienced in fighting with enemies. 2 ~ Interesting and thought-provoking. ~ Reflect students' mentality. ~ Meaningful and valid.
~ May not be convincing to some people. 3 ~ Both consequences are surprising.
~ Both are about choices and decision-making. ~ Both have to do with strategies. ~ Both focus on human's mentality. 4 ~ Afraid of losing potential opportunities.
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~ Too greedy and too ambitious.
~ Over-confident about their real capacity. ~ More choices, better chances.
5 ~ Fewer options, more focused concentration. ~ Fewer choices, better quality. ~ Everything has two sides.
~ Too much greed ends up with nothing. Language focus 3
1 implement 2 rival 3 motivating 4 discarded 5 fluctuating 6 prejudiced 7 restore 8 enlightening 9 profit 10 investigate Word building 4
Words learned New words formed -ic strategy sympathy -ion confirm locate
confirmation location
strategic sympathetic
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