第一课: 翻译概论
学习内容：了解翻译的定义，过程以及标准
一、 翻译是什么。
A widow aged 70 married a young man of 25. This is another of those man-bites-dog stories. ---―It’s an order from President Bush.‖
---―I don’t care if it is from bush, tree, or grass.‖
―绿丹兰‖ ——爱你一辈子 （cosmetics advertisement）
But Diana’s champions were overwhelming women. Like many of them, she had a heartless husband, in-laws from hell, and fickle boyfriends.
1．什么是翻译？
2．判断：翻译是一种纯语言的转换活动。
3．判断：翻译是一门艺术，所以翻译不可学，翻译课程没有作用。
二、翻译的过程——理解，表达和校核
三、翻译的标准 1. 严复的翻译标准
2. 我们的标准 a.
Weevils and other economic pests must be wiped out. b.
A big question mark hangs over the company’s future.
This is a very good price.
I won’t do it to save my life.
The waitress served the melon chilled.
The dishes from Chinese cuisine are meant to be both visually appealing and flavorous. c.
Fans packed the hall to see the band.
Liberty is more important than life.
四、如何学好翻译？
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练习： 1）优劣判断：
1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4. A. B. C. 5.
These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 医院的这些费用严重地消耗了我的积蓄。 我住院花的这些费用用掉了我的积蓄。 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。
They killed a bottle of kaoliang between them. 他们二人喝了一瓶高粱酒。
他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 他们消灭了一瓶高粱酒。
It would be one setback too much for him. 这是一个对他来说太多的挫折。 他可再也经不住什么挫折了。
如果再有一个挫折，对他来说太多了。
When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 来读书时，他们和瞎子一样。
一拿起书本，他们可都成睁眼瞎了。 说到读书，他们可都是瞎子。
Yes, we still have problems – plenty of them. But it’s just plain wrong, unjust to our country and unjust to our people, to let those problems stand in the way of the most important truth of all: America is on the mend.
A. 是的，我们还有问题——而且有大量问题。但是，如果让这些问题妨碍一个最重要的事
实——美国的情况正在好转，那就是完全错误的，对我们的国家不够公正的，对我们的人民不够公正的。
B. 不错，我们还存在问题——而且问题很多。但是美国的情况正在好转。如果我们让问题
挡住了视线而看不见这样一个重要的事实，那就是完全错误的，无论对我们的国家和人民都有失公正。 C. 对，我们仍然还有问题，而且是大量的。但是如果让这些问题站在所有事实的道路中间，
那简直是错误的，对我们的国家和人民都不公正：美国的情况正在好转。
6. I prefer driving to being driven. A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。
7. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesman. A. 她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B. 她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。
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C. 8. A. B. C.
她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人。根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。
Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 十多年来，失业人数一直顽固地拒绝压缩。 十多年来，失业人数总是居高不下。
失业人数总是不收缩，这个问题已经持续了十多年了。
2）Sentence Translation
1）It’s very good to have some new blood in the company.
2）Peasants now sell vegetables at moving prices determined by their supply and their customer’s demand.
3）Let’s get down to the meat and potatoes; how much are you going to pay me for the house? 4）Having this thorny problem sorted out will sort out the men from the boys. 5）She is very unhappy these years because she remains a golf widow. 6）She was torn between staying at home to watch the TV play serial and going to the cinema with him.
7）They ran as fast as their legs could carry them.
8）Price and wages are fellow-travelers on the same upward escalator.
3）Passage Translation
What Makes a Teacher
It is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school is. The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is a most incredible and unending effort. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you don’t believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun, but then, if you are very lucky, you may find a real teacher. Three real teachers in a lifetime is the very best of my luck. My first was a science and math teacher in high school, my second, a professor of creative writing at Stanford, and my third was my friend and partner, Ed Ricketts.
I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It might even be the greatest of the arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit.
My three teachers had these things in common: They all loved what they were
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doing. They did not tell, they catalyzed a burning desire to know. Under their influence, the horizons sprung wide and fear went away and the unknown became knowable. But most important of all, the truth, that dangerous stuff, became beautiful and very precious.
第二讲：英汉语言对比
教学目的：了解英语和汉语两者之间的主要差异，学习英汉翻译中相应的翻译策略，使译文尽量符合译入语(中文)的表达习惯。
请翻译下列句子：
I met him by chance at the theatre the other day.
I was very tired when you saw me yesterday because I had been running. His telephone conversation seemed endless.
一、
1、 判断是哪个方面的差异。
---He stepped right in after them, like it or not, and he was determined that nothing petty as good manners should keep him from enlightment. A. 他紧跟着他们走了进去，不管什么像不像的。他打定了主意：像礼貌这样的小事决不应
该阻止他启蒙的机会。
B. 他不管三七二十一地紧跟着他们走了进去。什么礼貌不礼貌的，他顾不上这一套了，他
决心不错过这个机会，要把心里的问题弄个明白。
C. 他不管人家爱欢迎不欢迎，紧跟着他们走了进去。他认为礼貌事小，而不能让启蒙的机
会给挡住了。
---I talked to him with the brutal frankness. A. 我用近乎冷酷的直率和他谈了话。 B. 我用近乎残忍的坦诚和他谈了话。 C. 我和他谈了话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。
---The barbed shaft of love had penetrated his dull hide. Six weeks – affection – opportunity – had victimized him completely. A. 爱神的倒钩箭头把他的厚皮终于射穿了。六周以来他和心爱的人朝夕相处，亲近的机会
多了，已经到了神魂颠倒的地步。
B. 爱情的带刺的箭头终于把他的厚皮射穿了。六周时间的亲近和机会，是他完全牺牲了。 C. 他终于未能抵御住爱神之箭，深深地坠入了爱河。六个星期以来，他和心爱的人儿频频
约会，耳鬓厮磨，已经爱到了要死要活的地步。
结论： 2、 1）
---The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at
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