a headache. You’ll still wake up sometimes in a bad mood. You’ll still have fights with your friends sometimes. It won’t make all of that better. Having more money will not necessarily improve the quality of your relationships or the happiness that you actually have in your life. What money does is allow us to make more choices. And making wise choices is what will make us happy.
Despite every man’s dream come true, Albert still thinks about money.
--The money pressure’s not there, but other pressures of having the money come then, so, you know, I mean, you’re never totally free of something to worry about.
--Albert’s a pretty wise guy. He understand that the money is going to create another set of issues for him.
--I still think most of us would trade our money problems for Albert’s any day.
--I think most of us think that the problems that we have in life would get solved if we had more money. But what I’m suggesting is that isn’t necessarily so- that money gives more choices, but it doesn’t give us the blissful（极快乐的）answer.
Listening in Passage 1
Presenter: With me today is Tara Black, author of The History of Money. Tara, before we had
money, we exchange things, didn’t we?
Tara: Yes, that’s right. In stone age, people exchanged things like salt or cattle. But of
course the problem is that the things you exchange don’t last. And so money was introduced as a more permanent way of paying for things. And of course, money’s also a lot easier to use. You can carry it around you very easier.
Presenter: So when did people start changing from exchanging goods to paying for things with
money?
Tara: Well, as far back as 5000BC, people in China and the Middle East were
exchanging metals for goods.
Presenter: As long ago as that?
Tara: Yes. The first silver ingots（金银铸块、锭）… Presenter: Silver bars?
Tara: Yes, they appeared around 2200BC in Europe and were used as currency. Coins
then appeared in Lydia around 700BC.
Presenter: Lydia?
Tara: Lydia is a country in what’s now known as Turkey. Then other countries followed
their example and started producing them. A Greek coin, the drachma（德拉克马，希腊原货币单位）, became the standard form of money in large parts of Asia and Europe.
Presenter: And the first paper money?
Tara: Paper money was first used in china around 960AD. Presenter: It’s always China, isn’t it? Tara: Quite often, yes.
Presenter: So as well as being long-lasting and convenient, a big advantage of coins and paper
money is that they have a standard value.
Tara: Yes, they’re known as representative money. Every coin or paper has a certain
value that doesn’t depend on the actual value of the paper or metal.
Presenter: And how did banks started?
Tara: Both the early Persians and the Ancient Egyptians had store houses where they kept
their country’s grain- we’re talking about 3000BC. They exchanged the grain for promissory notes. This meant a written promise to pay back a sun of money to someone. Really, these storehouses can be seen as the first banks.
Presenter: I see.
Tara: So over a great many centuries banks became places where money was deposited and
lent. And they guaranteed that a note of a certain amount of silver.
Presenter: And then there was the gold standard, wasn’t there?
Tara: Yes, the golden standard was applied all over the world from 1870 to 1915 but it
was slowly abandoned.
Presenter: When did it became easier…
主持人:我今天是塔拉黑色的作者,历史的钱。泰拉,我们没钱,我们交流的东西,不是吗? 塔拉:是的,没错。在石器时代,人们交换诸如盐或牲畜。当然问题是那些你交换不会长久。介绍了,因此金钱作为一个更持久的付费方式的东西。当然,钱也很容易使用。你可以把它围在你周围的人很容易。
推荐者:什么时候开始发生变化,从交换货物支付事情与钱吗? 塔拉:嗯,早在公元前5000年,人们在中国和中东交换货物是金属。 推荐者:早吗?
塔拉:是的。第一个银锭(金银铸块,锭)… 推荐者:银条吗?
塔拉:是的,他们出现在公元前2200年的欧洲,用作货币。硬币然后出现在莉迪亚公元前700年左右。
推荐者:莉迪亚?
塔拉:莉迪亚是一个国家在现在称为火鸡。那么其他国家跟着他们的例子并开始生产。希腊的一个硬币,drachma(德拉克马、希腊原货币单位成为了标准形式的货币在大部分亚洲和欧洲。 推荐者:好,第一张纸币吗?
塔拉:纸币首次使用在中国是公元960年。 推荐者:它总是中国,不是吗? 塔拉:通常,是的。
推荐者:作为持久方便,一个很大的优势的硬币和纸币是他们有一个标准的价值。
塔拉:是的,他们是被称为代表金钱。每枚硬币或纸具有一定的价值,不依赖于实际价值的文章或金属。
推荐者:银行是如何开始?
Passage 2
Speaker 1: As a student, you are probably living on a very limited amount of money, so here are
our top useful tips to help you make your money go further.
Speaker 2: One. Say no to credit cards! Banks may encourage you to use their cheap credit
card facilities where you buy now and pay later. It looks great but it’s easy to get into debt. If you do have a credit card, hide it and get it out only when you absolutely have to.
Speaker 1: Two. Look for bargains! You can look great in second-hand shops and charity shops.
Learn to love eBay and look there first rather than in shop windows. It could make all difference.
Speaker 2: Three. Stick to a budget! Work out exactly how much you have coming in each
month and your necessary expenditure（花费、开销）-what you absolutely must spend, like rent, bill and food before you look at your disposable（可支配的）income- this means what you’ve got left for any extras and treats. Think first – do you really need that pair of shoes and can you afford to go to a restaurant this month?
Speaker 1: Four. Give up your bad habits(or at least keep them under control)! If you smoke,
buy expensive coffee or regularly eat out, giving it up or at least reducing the amount you spend on these things will save you more than you’d think.
Speaker 2: Five. Find ways to save money! If you got to the supermarket at the end of the day
you may find some fresh produce like meat and vegetables marked down in price. If you go to afternoon shows at the cinema or theatre you will save money while still going out and enjoy yourself.
Speaker 1: Six. Beg and borrow before you buy! If you need a book for an essay, has anyone
else got it? Try and borrow it rather than buy it.
Speaker 2: Seven. Plan ahead! A lot of unnecessary spending occurs because people fail to plan
ahead and have to spend a lot of money at the last moment. Check your diary. When you need those books .for your essay to write in June? Can you borrow them now? Or you need to make a trip. Can you buy the tickets in advance rather than at the last moment at a higher price?
Speaker 1: The economical habit you develop now while you’re at college will help you in later
life. Don’t think ‘I’m poor and miserable’ but instead tell yourself ‘I’m developing a highly important like skill.’ And it’s absolutely true.
……When I go out, I go fast, it feels good. Even if for a few moments, it, it’s, it’s just the most
exhilarating（使人异常兴奋的）, most wonderful, most magical things that can happen. And I know that I’m, I’m young again and it’s worth every day. It keeps me happy for a month.
Unit5 Inside view
Conversation1
Andy: I loved the question you asked Tim Pearson about financial crisis. Janet: Well, I shouldn’t have asked it. After all he is an expert!
Andy: There you go again, you’re always putting yourself down. You don’t know how to take a
compliment（称赞，恭维）.
Janet: True. I never find it easy to accept praise. Do you think women have been conditioned to
accept criticism（批评，指责）? Andy: Well, I think that’s gender stereotyping（对...产生成见，模式化）. Do you think that men are good at accepting compliments?
Janet: Well, they seem to be able to deal with criticism much better. Andy: Don’t you believe it!
Janet: Anyway, thank you, I accept your compliment.
Andy: Not only that, but I think you’d make a really TV presenter. Janet: I’m not so sure. I haven’t seen many women in television here.
Andy: Well, in the media in general, I can assure（确保，使确信） you that there are lots of
women in presenting and management roles.
Janet: Well, maybe, but I’m Chinese as well. I don’t think I’ll be accepted as a presenter on a
British TV programme.
Andy: Gender and racial stereotyping. I mean, it depends on what job and sometimes where you
work in London, of course, but generally, Londoners are proud of their multi-ethnic community. Especially the Chinese, because cook great food!
Janet: Now who’s doing the stereotyping! But seriously, look at all these smart women walking
to work. Are they all secretaries or managers?
Andy: OK, it’s a good point. I think that many women manage to get middle management jobs in
most professions. But it’s true that a lot of them talk about the glass ceiling.
Janet: What’s the glass ceiling?
Andy: It’s the situation where a woman is successful in a company, but then she hits the glass
ceiling- this invisible（不可见的，隐形的） barrier which stops her going any higher in her career.
Conversation 2
Janet: So what do you think causes the glass ceiling?
Andy: It’s partly prejudice by men about women’s abilities in management. But it’s also when
women take time off to have children; they don’t always recover the same power when they return to work.
Janet: It not fair.
Andy: You’re right, it’s not fair. I read here that only five to ten percent of the top companies in
America and British are run by women.
Janet: That’s extraordinary! In China there appears to be more women in top jobs, but I may be
wrong.
Andy: And look, here are some more statistics. About 60 percent of university graduations in
Europe and North America are women. And something like 75 percent of the eight million new jobs in Europe have been filled by women.
Janet: So the percentage of women in the total workforce is growing.
Andy: You got it! But women in the UK are in a slight majority—there are more women than
men.
Janet: Do you think it’s especially bad in the UK, and in London especially?
Andy: Not really. Some jobs which were traditionally done by women, like nursing, are now also
done by men, and like engineering which are done by women. And there are plenty of women’s football teams!
Janet: Women’s football! We have women’s football in China too. Andy: Mind you, their matches don’t get many spectators! Janet: I give up. What else has changed?