新目标英语八年级上第4单元知识讲解及练习含答案
【重要词汇概览】
◆subway n. 地铁，地下火车 ◆train n. 火车 ◆minute n. 分钟
◆kilometer n. 公里，千米 ◆quick adj. 快的,迅速的 ◆half n. 一半，二分之一 ◆past prep. 在时间上超过，在......之后，经过 ◆stop n. 车站
◆transportation n. 运送，运输 ◆north n. 北部，北方 adj. 北部的，北方的 ◆depend v. 依靠，依赖 ◆must aux.v. 必须，一定要 ◆bicycle n. 自行车 ◆ill adj. 生病的，不健康得 ◆worry v. 担心，担忧，焦虑
【重要词组概览】
◆grow up 长大，成长 ◆take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事 ◆in common 共有，相同 ◆leave for 离开去某地 ◆travel abroad 去国外旅游 ◆go down to 延续至；走下去…
◆most of 大多数的 ◆some of 一些 ◆take the subway 乘坐地铁
◆how far 多远 ◆bus station 汽车站 ◆bus ride 乘汽车之行 ◆school bus 校车 ◆come back 回来 ◆take the train 乘坐火车 ◆take the bus 乘坐公共汽车 ◆get to school 到校 ◆by boat 乘坐小船 ◆walk to school 步行去上学 ◆from ...to... 从....到.... ◆half past six 六点半 ◆depend on 依靠，依赖 ◆be different from 和......不同 ◆have to 不得不 【语法知识聚焦】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事
例如： It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。 It will take three hours to finish the work. 完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。 2. 动词take还有其他词义；例如：
1) 得到；获得 You have to take it as you find it. 对这个你只得将就些算了。 2) 拿；握住；抓住 The mother took her child by the hand.母亲拉着孩子的手。 3) 取走，拿走 Take this shopping home. 把这件买的东西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like. 这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。 Who has taken my chocolate? 谁拿了我的巧克力？
4) 乘，坐，搭（车、船） Shall we go by bus or take a cab? 我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去? to take a bus to work 乘公共汽车上班 5) 吃；喝；服用；吸入
Take your medicine. 把药服下。 6) 进行；作；为
to take a walk 散步
If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat. 你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。
The state government has decided to take a 50% cut of oil profits.州政府决定抽取石油利润的百分之五十。 We must take a long hard look at their suggestion.他们的建议我们要好好研究一番。 to take a look around 在附近看看 7) 测出，量出
Take your temperature. 量一量你的体温。 8) 减掉，去掉
If you take 4 from 10, you have 6. 十减去四剩六。 9) 懂得；了解
Do you take me? 你懂我的意思吗？ 10) 攻读，修（课）
Did you take history at school? 你在学校上过历史课吗？ 11) 吸引；着迷
He is really taken by the little dog. 他对小狗着了迷。 12) 持续，花费（时间）
Just a minute, it won't take me long to change. 等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。
This new pain-killer doesn't take long to act on the pain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。 13) 照像，拍照
This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. 这次他设法爬进了基特罗火山口,以便能拍到照片,测量温度。 I had my picture taken this morning.今天早晨我照了像。 3. depend v. 依靠，依赖
1) depend（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定
That depends. 视情形而定。
It all depends on how you tackle the problem. 那要看你如何应付这问题而定。 2)（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要
I haven't a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。 Children must depend on their parents. 孩子们必须依赖他们的父母 You can depend on his honesty. 你可以相信他的诚实
depend on 依靠；由...而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持 depend upon 依靠；由...而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持
【综合能力检测】
一. 根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。
1. Granny isn't in good health. My family w__ __ __ __ about her very much. 2. A: What time is it?
B: It h__ __ __ past seven. The meeting begins at eight o'clock. A: Oh, then we have thirty minutes to relax before the meeting. 3. Beijing is in the n__ __ __ __ of China.
4. He has a qu__ __ __ mind. He is always the first to find the answers. 5. Mary has to look after her mother at home. Because her mother is i__ __ in bed. 二. 连词成句
1. how, your, does , father , to, go, work?_______________________________________________________? 2. how, they, do, to, school, get, every day?______________________________________________________? 3. how long, it , does , take, you, get, to, home, from , to , school?
_________________________________________________________?
4. the, early, takes, bus, him, his, to, work place__________________________________________________. 5. in North America, to, go, school, most, students, on, school, the , bus __________________________________________________________. 三. 方框选词,用所给动词的适当形式填空。
about, how far, think of, walk, ride 1. I usually _____but sometimes I take the bus. 2. The bus ride usually takes _____25 minutes. 3. We're _______ going to visit Mr. Smith. 4. He _____ the bike to the subway station. 5. A: _____ does she live from school? B: She lives very near from school. 四. 补全对话
A: 1 do you get to school? B: I 2 the train. A: 3 does it take?
B: Oh, around forty minutes. How about you? A: I take the subway.
B: Ho long does that 4 ?
A: Oh, 5 thirty-five minutes. 五. 完成句子
1. 昨晚我用了一小时写作业。
It _____ _____ one hour _____ _____ my homework yesterday evening. 2. 我可以信任你吗？ Can I _____ _____ you? 3. 这个航班要飞多久？
____ ____ does the flight take? 4. 下雨时，我乘坐出租车。
When it _____, I take a taxi. 5. 周末我喜欢骑自行车.
I like _____ _____ my bike on the weekends. 6. 我们匆匆吃了饭，然后跑着去赶火车。
We had a _____ meal and then _____ _____ _____ the train.
【参考答案点拨】 一．
1. worry 2. half 3. north 4. quick 5. ill
1. worry, 根椐题意及字母提示，并worry 经常与about 连用，意为: 为...... 担心。 2. half， 根椐字母提示及题意: Oh, then we have thirty minutes to relax before the meeting.
3. north, 根椐字母提示及北京的地理位置。
4. quick，根椐字母提示及题中的He is always the first to find the answers. 5. ill， 根椐题意及字母提示。 二、
1. How does your father go to work?
2. How do they get to school every day?
3. How long does it take you to get to school from home? 4. The early bus takes him to his work place.
5. In North America most students go to school on the school bus.
三、
1. walk 2. about 3. thinking of 4. rides 5．How far
1. walk, 因为句中交代but sometime I take the bus， 与walk 形成对照。 2. about, about常与时间连用，表示多少时间。
3. thinking of, 动名词常与介词连用，作介词的宾语；We're 后应该接现在分词构成现在进行时。
4. rides, 主语是第三人称单数，ride the bike 为固定的动词短语。 5．How far, 句子开头要大写，意思为―多远‖， 用来询问距离。
四、
1. How 2. take 3. How long 4. take 5. around 五、
1.took me, to do 2. depend on 3. How long
4. rains 5. to ride 6. quick, ran to catch
1. took me, to do, It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事 时间状语为: yesterday evening, 应该用一般过去时。 2. depend on 固定用法。 3. How long 多长时间。
4. rains, 主从句时态一致， it是第三人称单数，主谓一致。
5. to ride, like to do sth, 本题中有两个空白，不能用like doing sth.
6. quick, ran to catch, 形容词quick作定语修饰名词meal, ran 与had 时态一致。
新目标英语八年级上第5单元知识讲解及练习含答案
【重要词汇概览】
◆lesson n. 课,课程 ◆calendar n. 日历,行事历 ◆tomorrow n. 明天
◆ invitation n. 邀请 ◆ match n. 比赛，竞赛 ◆ whole adj. 整整的,全部的,完整的 【重要词组概览】
◆ baseball game 棒球比赛 ◆ the day after tomorrow 后天 ◆ come over to从一地方来到另一个地方,过来 ◆ go to the doctor 去看病
◆ have a piano lesson 上钢琴课 ◆ have to 不得不 ◆ text time 下一次 ◆ study for a test 准备考试 ◆ be free 有空儿，有时间 【语法知识聚焦】
1. have to 与情态动词的区别
情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语，have to 也是这样。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制，但是have to 有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态中，在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to, 其余人称用have to；一般过去时中用had to；一般将来时中用will have to, 例如： She has to go to school by bus. 她不得不乘公共汽车去上学。
If you get ill, you'll have to see the doctor. 如果你生病的话，你就得看医生。 2. have to 与must 的区别
have to 和must 都有―必须‖的意思，那么它们 有哪些不同呢？ (1) 含义和用法上的区别：
have to 强调客观上需要做某事，即表示外界条件的需要不得不做某事，含有―形势逼迫‖的意味；must 强调说话者主观上认为必须做某事，含有―主观判断‖的意味， 例如：
My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.我的自行车在上学的路上坏了，我不得不走路去上学。 （我本来不愿意走路，可是自行车坏了，不想走路也不行。）
We must learn English well. 我们必须学好英语。（主观上有这种想法。） (2) 否定式的区别：
have to 的否定式意为―不必‖，must的否定式意为―禁止；不允许‖。因此，以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答为―Yes, 主语+must‖，否定回答为―No, 主语+needn't / don't have to‖。例如：
---Must I finish the homework now? 我必须现在完成作业吗？
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn't / don't have to) 是的，你必须现在完成。（不，你不必。） 3. 反意疑问句的构成区别： (1) 陈述部分含有have to 时，其附加问句的谓语往往用助动词do的相应形式或助动词will。
例如：You had to go shopping yesterday, didn't you?昨天你不得不去购物，是吗？ (2) 陈述部分含有must 时，其附加问句的谓语，按下面几种情况来确定： A. must 意为―必须‖时，附加问句谓语用needn't。例如：
We must clean the room, needn't we? 我们必须打扫房间，是吗？ B. mustn't意为―禁止‖之意，附加问句谓语用must。例如：
The boy mustn't play with the knife, must he? 那个男孩不能玩刀子，对吗？ C. must 意为―应该‖时，附加问句谓语用mustn't。例如：
We must help each other, mustn't we? 我们应该互相帮助，对吗？
D. must 意为―一定；想必‖表示推测时，附加问句部分谓语要根据must后面的动词来 确定。 如： Mr Wang must be at home, isn't he? 王先生一定在家，对吗？ 注：must 表示的是一种相当肯定的与事实非常接近的推测。例如： Mr Wang must be at home. 其实就相当于Mr Wang is at home.
因此，它的反意疑问句的附加问句部分是isn't he 也就很容易理解了。 又如：They must be right, aren't they? 【综合能力检测】 一. 单项填空
1. What do you usually do _______ Saturdays?( ) A. at B. on C. in
2. I‘m sorry I have to _______ for the English test.( ) A. study B. studies C. studying 3. Can you ______ to my birthday party?( ) A. visit B. go C. come 4. Thanks for ___________.( ) A. asking B. ask C. asks 5. On Wednesday , I‘m _________ tennis with the school team.( ) A. play B. playing C. am playing 6. A: Must I clean my room, mom? B: No, you ______.( )
A. don't B. needn't C. aren't 二. 连词成句
1. Thanks, for, a lot, invitation , the ________________________________
2. Can, come, to, you , my , party ? ______________________________________
3. I‘m , I‘m , sorry , to , going , the , movies, my friends, with .____________________________________ 4. Tomorrow , have to , I , to , the , go , dentist.________________________________________ 5. What , you, are , on , Sunday, doing? _____________________________________ 三. 根据所给词语的提示，写出问句和答句
1. does go school how Lucy to? (ride her bike)
Q: _________________________________________A: ______________________________ 2. you how do get house your? (walk)
Q: _________________________________________A: ______________________________ 3. it long take how does? (twenty minutes)
Q: _________________________________________A: ______________________________