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(1) the relative cost of each nondeposit funding sourceÿһ·Ç´æ¿î×ʽðÀ´Ô´µÄÏà¶Ô³É±¾ (2) the risk or dependability of each funds sourceÿһ×ʽðÀ´Ô´µÄ·çÏÕ»ò¿É¿¿ÐÔ (3) the length of time funds will be neededÿһ×ʽðÀ´Ô´ËùÐèÆÚÏ޵ij¤¶Ì

(4) the size of the borrowing institution and its funding needs½è¿î»ú¹¹ºÍÆäÈÚ×ÊÐèÇóµÄ¹æ

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(5) the content of goverment regulations affecting the fund-raising prosess.Õþ¸®ÌõÀýµÄÄÚ

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CHAPTER FIFTHEEN

Introduction: What Is Capital?ʲôÊÇ×ʱ¾

Capital:Ãû´Ê½âÊÍ

It refers principally to the funds contributed by the owner of a financial institution.ËüÖ¸µÄÊǽðÈÚ»ú¹¹ËùÓÐÕßÌṩµÄ³õʼ×ʽð

The Many Tasks Capital Performs×ʱ¾µÄÖ°ÄÜ

? Cushion Against Risk of Failure¼õÕðÆ÷£¬½µµÍ·çÏÕ

? Provides Funds Needed to Begin OperationsΪ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄ×¢²á£¬×齨ºÍ¾­ÓªÌṩÁË

ËùÐè×ʽð

? Promotes Public ConfidenceÔöÇ¿¹«ÖÚ¶Ô½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÐÅÐÄ

? Provides Funds for Future Growth and New ServicesΪ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄ³É³¤ºÍÐÂÒµÎñ¼°ÐÂ

ÉèÊ©µÄ·¢Õ¹Ìṩ×ʽð

? Maintain bank sustainable development ×÷Ϊ¹æ·¶»ú¹¹Ôö³¤µÄÒòËØ£¬×ʱ¾ÓÐÖúÓÚ±£Ö¤

ÆäʵÏÖ³¤ÆÚ¿É³ÖÐøµÄÔö³¤

? Capital Plays a Role in MergersÔÚ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¼æ²¢À˳±ÖÐÆðµ½ÁËÖØÒª×÷ÓÃ

Capital and Risk×ʱ¾ºÍ·çÏÕ

? Key Risks in Banking and Financial Institutions¡¯ ManagementÒøÐÐºÍÆäËû½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÖ÷

Òª·çÏÕ

? Credit RiskÐÅÓ÷çÏÕ

? Liquidity RiskÁ÷¶¯ÐÔ·çÏÕ ? Interest-Rate RiskÀûÂÊ·çÏÕ ? Operating Risk¾­Óª·çÏÕ ? Exchange Risk»ãÂÊ·çÏÕ ? Crime Risk·¸×ï·çÏÕ

? Defenses against Risk·çÏյķÀ·¶

? Quality ManagementÖÊÁ¿¹ÜÀí

? Diversification¶àÔª»¯

Portfolio Diversification×ʲú¶àÔª»¯ Geogrraphic DiversificationµØÀí¶àÔª»¯ Deposit Insurance ´æ¿î±£ÏÕ Owner¡¯s Capital ²úȨ×ʱ¾

Types of Capital×ʱ¾ÀàÐÍ

? ? ? ? ?

Common StockÆÕͨ¹É Preferred Stock ÓÅÏÈ¹É 50% Surplus£¨×ʱ¾¹«»ý£©

Undivided Profits(δ·ÖÅäÀûÈó) 27% Subordinated Debentures£¨´Î¼¶Õ®È¯£© 13%

One of the Great Issues in the History of Banking: How Much Capital Is Really Needed?

ÒøÐÐÊ·ÉϵÄÒ»¸öÖØ´óÎÊÌ⣺¾¿¾¹ÐèÒª¶àÉÙ×ʱ¾

much of this historic controversy has evolved around two questions:ÕâÒ»ÕùÒéÖ÷ÒªÑݱäΪÁ½¸öÎÊÌ⣺ÊÊÓÃÓÚËùÓнðÈÚ»ú¹¹

? Capital standards,the market or regulatory agencies?Ó¦¸ÃÓÉË­À´Öƶ¨×ʱ¾µÄºâÁ¿

±ê×¼£¬Êг¡»¹ÊǼà¹Ü»ú¹¹

? amount of CapitalºÏÀíµÄ×ʱ¾±ê×¼ÊÇʲô

Reasons for Capital Regulation½øÐÐ×ʱ¾¼à¹ÜµÄÀíÓÉ

? To limit the risk of failures½µµÍÒøÐÐÆÆ²úµÄ·çÏÕ

? To preserve public confidence±£³Ö¹«ÖÚ¶ÔÒøÐеÄÐÅÐÄ

? To limit losses to the federal government arising from deposit insurance claimsÏÞÖÆ´æ

¿î±£ÏÕË÷Åâ¶ÔÁª°îÕþ¸®Ôì³ÉµÄËðʧ

The Basle Agreement on International Capital Standards: An Historic Contract among Leading Nations

¹ØÓÚ¹ú¼Ê×ʱ¾±ê×¼µÄ¡¶°ÍÈû¶ûЭÒé¡·£º·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒµÄÀúÊ·ÐÔЭÒé

Basel 1

? The development process

1988¡ª¡ªBasel Agreement¡¶°ÍÈû¶ûЭÒé¡·

developed countries to attend the meeting ,12 12¸öÖ÷Òª·¢´ï¹ú¼Ò£¨Áª°î´¢±¸Î¯Ô±»á×÷ΪÃÀ¹úµÄ´ú±í£©

? The main content

? Capital formation (×ʱ¾¹¹³É)

tier1(core) capital:commen stock,surplus,undivided profits(retained earnings)Ò»¼¶×ʱ¾£¨ºËÐÄ×ʱ¾£©

tier2 loans ¶þ¼¶×ʱ¾£¨²¹³ä×ʱ¾£© ? Risk weighting (·çÏÕÈ¨ÖØ) 0%£¬10%£¬20%£¬50%£¬100%

? Capital adequacy ratio£¨×ʱ¾³ä×ãÂÊ£©

Basel 2¶Ô·çÏÕ¸ü¼ÓÃô¸Ð

? operational risk ²Ù×÷·çÏÕ (¾­Óª·çÏÕ)

²Ù×÷·çÏÕ¶¨Ò壺

? ¶¨Òå²Ù×÷·çÏÕ˵ÆðÀ´ÈÝÒ××öÆðÀ´ÄÑ (Allen and Bali ,2004 ) ? ²Ù×÷·çÏÕÓëÈÕ³£ÔËÓªÃæÁٵIJ»È·¶¨ÐÔÄÑÒÔÇø·Ö¡£³ýÁËÊг¡ºÍÐÅÓ÷çÏÕÒÔÍâµÄËùÓзçÏÕ£¬¾ÍÊǾ­Óª¹ý³ÌÖгöÏֵķçÏÕ

¡°²Ù×÷·çÏÕÊÇÖ¸Óɲ»ÍêÉÆ»òÓÐÎÊÌâµÄÄÚ²¿³ÌÐò¡¢ÈËÔ±¼°ÏµÍ³»òÍⲿʼþËùÔì³ÉËðʧµÄ·çÏÕ¡£¡±¡ª¡ªBIS

Basel 3

? Background of the Basel 3

Excessive leverage liquidity risk

The defect of risk management

Lack of macro-prudential regulation ? ×ʱ¾¹¹³É

δÀ´¼à¹Ü×ʱ¾½á¹¹

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