as:½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹Ñ¡Ôñ×îºÏÊʵķǴæ¿î×ʽðÀ´Ô´£¬ÔÚ½øÐоö²ßʱ¿¼ÂÇÏÂÁÐÒòËØ
(1) the relative cost of each nondeposit funding sourceÿһ·Ç´æ¿î×ʽðÀ´Ô´µÄÏà¶Ô³É±¾ (2) the risk or dependability of each funds sourceÿһ×ʽðÀ´Ô´µÄ·çÏÕ»ò¿É¿¿ÐÔ (3) the length of time funds will be neededÿһ×ʽðÀ´Ô´ËùÐèÆÚÏ޵ij¤¶Ì
(4) the size of the borrowing institution and its funding needs½è¿î»ú¹¹ºÍÆäÈÚ×ÊÐèÇóµÄ¹æ
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(5) the content of goverment regulations affecting the fund-raising prosess.Õþ¸®ÌõÀýµÄÄÚ
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CHAPTER FIFTHEEN
Introduction: What Is Capital?ʲôÊÇ×ʱ¾
Capital:Ãû´Ê½âÊÍ
It refers principally to the funds contributed by the owner of a financial institution.ËüÖ¸µÄÊǽðÈÚ»ú¹¹ËùÓÐÕßÌṩµÄ³õʼ×ʽð
The Many Tasks Capital Performs×ʱ¾µÄÖ°ÄÜ
? Cushion Against Risk of Failure¼õÕðÆ÷£¬½µµÍ·çÏÕ
? Provides Funds Needed to Begin OperationsΪ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄ×¢²á£¬×齨ºÍ¾ÓªÌṩÁË
ËùÐè×ʽð
? Promotes Public ConfidenceÔöÇ¿¹«ÖÚ¶Ô½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÐÅÐÄ
? Provides Funds for Future Growth and New ServicesΪ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄ³É³¤ºÍÐÂÒµÎñ¼°ÐÂ
ÉèÊ©µÄ·¢Õ¹Ìṩ×ʽð
? Maintain bank sustainable development ×÷Ϊ¹æ·¶»ú¹¹Ôö³¤µÄÒòËØ£¬×ʱ¾ÓÐÖúÓÚ±£Ö¤
ÆäʵÏÖ³¤ÆÚ¿É³ÖÐøµÄÔö³¤
? Capital Plays a Role in MergersÔÚ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¼æ²¢À˳±ÖÐÆðµ½ÁËÖØÒª×÷ÓÃ
Capital and Risk×ʱ¾ºÍ·çÏÕ
? Key Risks in Banking and Financial Institutions¡¯ ManagementÒøÐÐºÍÆäËû½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÖ÷
Òª·çÏÕ
? Credit RiskÐÅÓ÷çÏÕ
? Liquidity RiskÁ÷¶¯ÐÔ·çÏÕ ? Interest-Rate RiskÀûÂÊ·çÏÕ ? Operating Risk¾Óª·çÏÕ ? Exchange Risk»ãÂÊ·çÏÕ ? Crime Risk·¸×ï·çÏÕ
? Defenses against Risk·çÏյķÀ·¶
? Quality ManagementÖÊÁ¿¹ÜÀí
? Diversification¶àÔª»¯
Portfolio Diversification×ʲú¶àÔª»¯ Geogrraphic DiversificationµØÀí¶àÔª»¯ Deposit Insurance ´æ¿î±£ÏÕ Owner¡¯s Capital ²úȨ×ʱ¾
Types of Capital×ʱ¾ÀàÐÍ
? ? ? ? ?
Common StockÆÕͨ¹É Preferred Stock ÓÅÏÈ¹É 50% Surplus£¨×ʱ¾¹«»ý£©
Undivided Profits(δ·ÖÅäÀûÈó) 27% Subordinated Debentures£¨´Î¼¶Õ®È¯£© 13%
One of the Great Issues in the History of Banking: How Much Capital Is Really Needed?
ÒøÐÐÊ·ÉϵÄÒ»¸öÖØ´óÎÊÌ⣺¾¿¾¹ÐèÒª¶àÉÙ×ʱ¾
much of this historic controversy has evolved around two questions:ÕâÒ»ÕùÒéÖ÷ÒªÑݱäΪÁ½¸öÎÊÌ⣺ÊÊÓÃÓÚËùÓнðÈÚ»ú¹¹
? Capital standards,the market or regulatory agencies?Ó¦¸ÃÓÉËÀ´Öƶ¨×ʱ¾µÄºâÁ¿
±ê×¼£¬Êг¡»¹ÊǼà¹Ü»ú¹¹
? amount of CapitalºÏÀíµÄ×ʱ¾±ê×¼ÊÇʲô
Reasons for Capital Regulation½øÐÐ×ʱ¾¼à¹ÜµÄÀíÓÉ
? To limit the risk of failures½µµÍÒøÐÐÆÆ²úµÄ·çÏÕ
? To preserve public confidence±£³Ö¹«ÖÚ¶ÔÒøÐеÄÐÅÐÄ
? To limit losses to the federal government arising from deposit insurance claimsÏÞÖÆ´æ
¿î±£ÏÕË÷Åâ¶ÔÁª°îÕþ¸®Ôì³ÉµÄËðʧ
The Basle Agreement on International Capital Standards: An Historic Contract among Leading Nations
¹ØÓÚ¹ú¼Ê×ʱ¾±ê×¼µÄ¡¶°ÍÈû¶ûÐÒé¡·£º·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒµÄÀúÊ·ÐÔÐÒé
Basel 1
? The development process
1988¡ª¡ªBasel Agreement¡¶°ÍÈû¶ûÐÒé¡·
developed countries to attend the meeting ,12 12¸öÖ÷Òª·¢´ï¹ú¼Ò£¨Áª°î´¢±¸Î¯Ô±»á×÷ΪÃÀ¹úµÄ´ú±í£©
? The main content
? Capital formation (×ʱ¾¹¹³É)
tier1(core) capital:commen stock,surplus,undivided profits(retained earnings)Ò»¼¶×ʱ¾£¨ºËÐÄ×ʱ¾£©
tier2 loans ¶þ¼¶×ʱ¾£¨²¹³ä×ʱ¾£© ? Risk weighting (·çÏÕÈ¨ÖØ) 0%£¬10%£¬20%£¬50%£¬100%
? Capital adequacy ratio£¨×ʱ¾³ä×ãÂÊ£©
Basel 2¶Ô·çÏÕ¸ü¼ÓÃô¸Ð
? operational risk ²Ù×÷·çÏÕ (¾Óª·çÏÕ)
²Ù×÷·çÏÕ¶¨Ò壺
? ¶¨Òå²Ù×÷·çÏÕ˵ÆðÀ´ÈÝÒ××öÆðÀ´ÄÑ (Allen and Bali ,2004 ) ? ²Ù×÷·çÏÕÓëÈÕ³£ÔËÓªÃæÁٵIJ»È·¶¨ÐÔÄÑÒÔÇø·Ö¡£³ýÁËÊг¡ºÍÐÅÓ÷çÏÕÒÔÍâµÄËùÓзçÏÕ£¬¾ÍÊǾӪ¹ý³ÌÖгöÏֵķçÏÕ
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Basel 3
? Background of the Basel 3
Excessive leverage liquidity risk
The defect of risk management
Lack of macro-prudential regulation ? ×ʱ¾¹¹³É
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