第一节 句子成分的译法
?英语的句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。由于英汉两种语言表达方式的差异，使得我们在翻译句子的过程中，即不能按原文句子的语法成分来译，更不能逐词死译、硬译。尤其是科技英语的翻译，译者既要准确地表达原句的内容，使译文符合技术规范，又要使译文通顺易懂，符合汉语的表达习惯。这就需要译者在认真分析和理解原文的基础上，在翻译实践中，根据汉语的表达习惯对原句子成分进行适当的调整和转换。那么如何进行调整与转换呢？这就是本节所要讨论的内容。 ?一、主语的译法
?（一）照译?1．如果英语的主语是名词、代词、数词、单个的动名词和不定式等，一般可以照译成汉语的主语。如：?The pump uses a dual-pitch screw design.?这种泵是用双齿距螺旋设计。?Burning takes place much faster in pure oxygen than in air.
?燃烧在纯氧中比在空气中快得多。?We often use a gas adsorption to concentrate contaminants.?我们经常用气体吸附来浓缩污染物。
?2．如果原文中的主语是动词不定式短语或动名词短语，汉译时，常译为汉语的动宾结构词组作句子的主语。如：?To develop better mechanical properties is the purpose of many metal working processes.?获得更好的机械性能是许多金属加工过程的目的。 ?It is a handy method to test the transistor with an ohmmeter.
?用欧姆表测试晶体管是一个简便的方法。 ?Disassembling the glass in the meter cover will invalidate the explosion-proof meter rating.?拆卸仪表盖的玻璃会使防暴仪表的额定值无效。?Using a person’s voice as an identifier is based on the fact that the geometry of the vocal tract differ greatly from person to person.?利用人的语音来验明身份的依据是每个人声道的几何形状大不相同。
?3．在有些英语句子中，当作主语的名词是由动词派生的时，也可以译为动宾结构的短语作主语。如：?The use of seal legs for feeding and discharging solids eliminates the need for complex lock hoppers.?使用封料管来加料和排放固体就不必再使用复杂的封锁料斗了。?The choice of a suitable rubbing surface for frictional measurement is not always easy.?要选一个合适的摩擦面进行摩擦测定并不容易。 ?The adoption of this new device will greatly down the percentage of defective products.?采用这种新装置可以大大地降低废品率。?
?Translate by yourself:?1．To design means to make a drawing of something new.
?2．Waveguide pipes predominated in the transmission technology, even in where power levels were relatively low.
?3．It has no connection with the automatic positioning facilities.
?4．It is necessary to distinguish