The BOS boot image contains a copy of the system's kernel and device drivers needed to boot from the mksysb tape,It is created by the bosboot command

There are three important files in the mkinsttape image: ./tapeblksz contains the block size

./bosinst.data allow you to specify the requirements at the target system and how the user interacts with the target system

./image.data contain information describing the image installed during the BOS installation process,This information includes the size,names ,maps,and mount points of logical volumes and file systems in the rootvg

# mksysb -i 产生一个新的image.data on the tape during a backup( mkszfile命令产生的image.data)

The mksysb commmand creates a bootable image of the rootvg file system either in a file system directory onto a bootable tape,an is used to restore a system after a system failure or for system cloning

# savevg -if /dev/rmt0 uservg 使用tar备份目录：

进入该目录，运行： # tar -cvf /dev/fd0 * 使用backup备份目录：

进入该目录，运行： # find . -print ( or -depth ) | backup -i -f /dev/rmt0 （相对的路径）恢复时使用restore

使用cpio备份目录： # cd /

# find /userdirectory -print | cpio -o -c -v -B >; /dev/rmt0 (恢复时使用cpio -i) (绝对的路径）

增量备份：

# backup -0 -uf /dev/rmt0 /home # backup -1 -uf /dev/rmt0 /home

对于磁带机：

Rewind the tape to the beginning by using the following # tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind ( mt 也可以 ）

显示在一个备份的媒质上的内容 # restore -T -d -v -q -s4 -f /dev/rmt0.1

恢复一个文件：

# restore -x -d -v -q -s4 -f /dev/rmt0.1 ./etc/hosts # tar -xvg /dev/rmt0 /etc/hosts

# cpio -i -c -v -d -u -m -B < /dev/rmt0 \ (注意多了一个 -d ）

The following shows how to restore the file /etc/hosts from a backup that was made using the -i

flag option during a backup by file sytem , notice the -d flag is used to restore the file # restore -x -d -v -q -f /dev/rmt0 /etc/hosts

The following shows how to restore the file /etc/hosts when a file system backup was used to make the backup

# restore -x -v -q -f /dev/rmt0 /etc/hosts

恢复一个目录：

先 tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind

# restore -x -d -v -s4 -f/dev/rmt0.1 ./var/dt # tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 /var/dt

# cpio -i -c -v -d -u -m -B < /dev/rmt0 \

考点： 一个典型的错误发生在磁带和系统之间移动数据的时候，是因为不正确的 Block size 使用 # tcopy /dev/rmt0 来决定 tape block size

# dd if=/dev/rmt0 bs=128k count=1 | wc -c 来决定 tape block size 改变 tape block size 使用 # chdev -l rmt0 -a block_size=512 复制磁带： # tcopy /dev/rmt0 /dev/rmt1 创建一个软盘的copy：

# dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/ddcopy # dd if=/tmp/ddcopy of=/dev/fd0

第九部分： SRC 启动SRC:

涉及到一个 /usr/sbin/srcmstr 进程，Remove the srcmstr daemon from the /etc/inittab file would cause these startsrc command to fail

Make a record for the srcmstr daemon in the /etc/inittab file using the mkitab command # mkitab -i fbcheck srcmstr:2:respawn：/usr/sbin/srcmstr #telinit q

The syslogd daemon read the /etc/syslog.conf configuration file when it is activated or when it receives a hangup signal

If you decide to capture the warning messages from all users int hte /var/spool/syslog file, 1、 .warning /var/spool/syslog (在 /etc/syslog.conf中加入相关信息 ) 2、 touch /var/spool/syslog ( 创建该文件 ）

3、 chmod 666 /var/spool/syslog （ 改变权限使所有的用户都可以写信息到该文件 ） 4、 refresh -s syslogd

安装skuler command只需要将/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root文件中的注释去掉

第十部分： Newwork adminsitration

At IPL time, the /init process will run /etc/rc.tcpip after starting the SRC

The script /etc/tcp.clean can be used to stop TCP/IP daemon, It will stop some daemons and remove the /etc/locks/lpd TCP/IP lock file

Note that the /etc/tcp.clean does not stop the portmap and nfsd daemons ( 要使用stopsrc 和

startsrc ）

该命令调用方法： # sh /etc/tcp.clean

注意：不要使用 # startsrc -g tcpip 来启动TCP/IP daemons（它将同时启动routed和gated） Remove the rc.tcpip条目在/etc/inittab中将在IPL阶段不会启动任何 server application,如果使用的图形终端，一定要确认删除了rc.dt和rc.tcpip条目，否则系统将挂起

Inetd进程调用了inet.conf文件，如果使用smit改变该/etc/inetd.conf的话，inetd进程自动refresh,如果使用vi来更新的话，则要使用refresh -s inetd 或者是 kill -l inetdPID来手工刷新 subserver controlled by inetd in the inetd.conf文件 # lssrc -ls inetd 列示启动的subserver

When the inetd daemon is stopped, The previously started subserver processes are not affected , However , new service requests for the subservers can no longer be satisfied,此时，就不能telnet 或 ftp了

如果Inetd进程停止，已经存在的session将不会受到影响，但不会产生新的session

The protmap daemon converts remote procedure call (RPC) program numbers into Internet port numbers

When an RPC server starts up , it registers with the portmap daemon

Since standard RPC servers are normally started by the inetd daemon,The portmap daemon must be started before the inetd daemon is invoked

注意： if the portmap daemon is stopped or comes to an abnormal end,all RPC servers on the hosts must be restarted, The nfsd is a common RPC server

The default order in resolving host names is : 1、 BIND/DNS (named) 2、NIS 3、/etc/hosts 通过创建/etc/netsvc.conf文件可以改变该顺序

通过设置NSORDER变量可以改变默认的和/etc/netsvc.conf文件中的顺序，NSORDER的优先级最高

一个/etc/resolv.conf的例子： # cat /etc/resolvl.conf nameserver 9.3.1.12

domain itsc.ibm.com

search itsc.ibm.com itse.ibm.com

确认named进程的状态： # lssrc -s named

插入一块新的网卡后需要的配置步骤：（基于硬件的配置） 1、必要的话重新调用cfgmgr命令来加载硬件 2、smitty devices安装驱动软件

3、# diag -a 确认新的网卡已经加入到硬件配置中了 4、再次运行cfgmgr

5、# lsdev -cl ent0 确认该网卡处于available的状态

6、使用 # smitty inet来配置nework interface，不要使用smitty mktcpip，It is used for configuration TCP/IP for the first time

To change advanced feature of network adapters # smitty chgenet

To configure TCP/IP # smitty tcpip

To change/show Characteristics of a nework interface # smitty chinet

Enable IP forwarding: no -o ipforwarding=1

配置IP地址： # smitty mktcpip

Identify network interface on your server # lsdev -Cc if

This will list of all interfaces on the system,whether they are being actively or not

或者使用 # ifconfig -a

This will produce a list of all network interfaces on the system that have ip addresses and are actively

To get information about one specific network interface # ifconfig en0

To activate a network interface # ifconfig tr0 up

# ifconfig tr0 10.32.1.1 netmaski 255.255.255.0 up (同时分配一个IP address) To deactivate a network interface # ifconfig tro down

To delete an address from a network interface

# ifconfig tro delete ( this command does not place the interface in the down state,nor does it remove the interface from the work interface list )

To remove the interface tro from the network interface list

# ifconfig tr0 detach ( This command remove all network addresses assigned to the interface and removes the interface from the output of the ifconfig -a command,To add an interface back to the system , or to add a new interface to the newwork interface list , run # ifconfig Interface

考点： 给一块网卡绑两个IP address :

# ifconfig tr0 10.32.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 alias

删掉该IP # ifconfig tr0 10.32.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 delete

MTU to small :may be lost during transmission MTU to length :may be collide with other packets

如何看一块网卡的MTU ( 同一个LAN中必须有相同的MTU） # lsattr -El en0

调整MTU的大小：