2017-2018学年高中英语 Unit 1 Living with technology Sect 下载本文

Unit 1 Living with technology Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing

语法图解

探究发现

①Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards. ②Many different people contributed to the development of TV. ③I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down. ④On my birthday she gave me a mobile phone as a gift.

⑤It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape.

⑥Who can foresee what the future will bring?

⑦The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA. ⑧However, most people still benefit from satellite TV. [我的发现]

(1)以上各句中的黑体部分,属于及物动词的有③④⑤⑥⑦,属于不及物动词的有①②⑧。

(2)从以上句子可以看出,及物动词可接名词、代词、不定式、从句、动名词作宾语。由④句可以看出,某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语,即宾语加宾语补足语。

(3)由⑦句可以看出,及物动词能使用被动语态。

(4)由②⑧句可以看出,不及物动词不能直接接宾语;必要时,则需加介词。

一、及物动词

及物动词是指后面可直接跟宾语,并且必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整的动词。大部分及物动词有被动语态。

(一)及物动词常用于以下三种结构中: 1.“主语+谓语+宾语”结构

此时的宾语可以是一个名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、疑问词+动词不定式、动名词(短语)或者从句。

He charged the battery.(名词)

Eventually, his behavior satisfied her.(代词) I want to get your help. (动词不定式短语) I don't know what to do. (疑问句+动词不定式) He delayed telling her the news. (动名词短语)

No one can foresee what will happen in the future. (宾语从句) (1)下面这些及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语:

admit(承认),appreciate(感激), avoid, consider(考虑), delay, deny, enjoy, escape, prevent, fancy(想象), finish, imagine, mind, miss(想念), postpone(推迟), practise, recall(回忆), resist, risk, suggest(建议), include, stand(忍受), forgive, keep(继续)等。

Would youmind using your phone? 用一下你的电话你介意吗?

That young guy still denies having started the fire behind the store. 那个年轻人仍然否认在商店后面放了火。 (2)下面这些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语:

afford, arrange, ask, choose, decide, determine, expect, hesitate, hope, long(渴望), manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threat, whish等。

Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借一些钱给我吗?

He has determined to learn French. 他已决定学法语了。

(3)可接不定式/动名词作宾语且意义差别大的及物动词。

?forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事?

???forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事??remember to do sth. 记得要做某事???remember doing sth. 记得做过某事??attempt to do sth. 试图做某事???attempt doing sth. 试着做某事

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??mean to do sth. 打算做某事?

?mean doing sth. 意味着做某事?

??try to do sth. 努力做某事?

?try doing sth. 尝试做某事?

(4)接不定式或动名词作宾语且意义差别不大的及物动词。

a.表示“爱、憎、喜、恶”的情感类动词hate, love, like, prefer等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时,意义虽相同,内涵却有些区别——接不定式作宾语时,一般表示一次性的、具体的动作;接动名词作宾语时,一般表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。

They prefer stayingindoors when it is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。

Would you prefer to stay at home this evening with your brother? 今晚你想和你弟弟一起待在家里吗?

b.begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义差别不大。

Tom began learning/to learn how to use a computer. 汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。 [即时演练1]

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①Don't forget to_send (send) my regards to your parents! ②Don't hesitate any more. Why not try walking (walk) this way? ③I still remember being_taken (take) to Beijing for the first time. ④—Look! The light is on!

—But I remember turning (turn) it off! (2)完成句子

①你怎么这么快就完成作业了?

How did you manage_to_finish_your_homework so soon? ②他们正在练习唱那首新歌。

They are practising_singing the new song. ③他前天到达巴黎。

He reached_Paris the day before yesterday. ④我不知道我该怎么办。 I don't know_what_I_should_do.

⑤上周一个网球砸在了我的头上,但是我尽力去忽视疼痛,认为迟早会消失的。 (浙江高考改编)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried

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to_ignore_the_pain,_believing that it would go away sooner or later.

2.“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构

(1)该结构中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语,一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。

Tom sent Mary a text message. 汤姆给玛丽发了一条短信。

(2)有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以位置对调,此时间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 主语+及物动词+物(直接宾语)+to+人(间接宾语)。 如:A man was distributing leafletstothe passers-by. 主语+及物动词+物(直接宾语)+for+人(间接宾语)。 如:The woman bought an elegant dressforher daughter.

[名师点津] 间接宾语前常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, bring, pass, offer, hand, distribute等。

间接宾语前加介词for的动词有buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。

[即时演练2] 句型转换

①I wrote him a letter yesterday. →I wrote alettertohim yesterday. ②My classmate drew me a horse yesterday. →My classmate drew ahorseforme yesterday.

③Mr. Smith gave a watch to me as my birthday present. →Mr. Smith gave meawatch as my birthday present. 3.“主语+谓语+复合宾语”结构

该结构中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分,才能表达一个完整的意思。

We elected Li Yang our monitor. (Li Yang is our monitor.) The news made us sad. (We were sad.)

能充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词等,用来补充说明宾语。如:

He appointed John marketing manager. (名词)

The manufacturers made the computers portable. (形容词) I found myselfin darkness. (介词短语)

The state government encouraged voters to vote. (动词不定式)

Don't leave the waterrunning after you have washed your hands. (现在分词)

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