Unit 1 Living with technology Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing

语法图解

探究发现

①Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards. ②Many different people contributed to the development of TV. ③I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down. ④On my birthday she gave me a mobile phone as a gift.

⑤It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape.

⑥Who can foresee what the future will bring?

⑦The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA. ⑧However, most people still benefit from satellite TV. [我的发现]

(1)以上各句中的黑体部分，属于及物动词的有③④⑤⑥⑦，属于不及物动词的有①②⑧。

(2)从以上句子可以看出，及物动词可接名词、代词、不定式、从句、动名词作宾语。由④句可以看出，某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补足语。

(3)由⑦句可以看出，及物动词能使用被动语态。

(4)由②⑧句可以看出，不及物动词不能直接接宾语；必要时，则需加介词。

一、及物动词

及物动词是指后面可直接跟宾语，并且必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整的动词。大部分及物动词有被动语态。

(一)及物动词常用于以下三种结构中： 1．“主语＋谓语＋宾语”结构

此时的宾语可以是一个名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、疑问词＋动词不定式、动名词(短语)或者从句。

He charged the battery.(名词)

Eventually, his behavior satisfied her.(代词) I want to get your help. (动词不定式短语) I don't know what to do. (疑问句＋动词不定式) He delayed telling her the news. (动名词短语)

No one can foresee what will happen in the future. (宾语从句) (1)下面这些及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语：

admit(承认)，appreciate(感激), avoid, consider(考虑), delay, deny, enjoy, escape, prevent, fancy(想象), finish, imagine, mind, miss(想念), postpone(推迟), practise, recall(回忆), resist, risk, suggest(建议), include, stand(忍受), forgive, keep(继续)等。

Would youmind using your phone? 用一下你的电话你介意吗？

That young guy still denies having started the fire behind the store. 那个年轻人仍然否认在商店后面放了火。 (2)下面这些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语：

afford, arrange, ask, choose, decide, determine, expect, hesitate, hope, long(渴望), manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threat, whish等。

Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借一些钱给我吗？

He has determined to learn French. 他已决定学法语了。

(3)可接不定式/动名词作宾语且意义差别大的及物动词。

?forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事?

???forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事??remember to do sth. 记得要做某事???remember doing sth. 记得做过某事??attempt to do sth. 试图做某事???attempt doing sth. 试着做某事

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??mean to do sth. 打算做某事?

?mean doing sth. 意味着做某事?

??try to do sth. 努力做某事?

?try doing sth. 尝试做某事?

(4)接不定式或动名词作宾语且意义差别不大的及物动词。

a．表示“爱、憎、喜、恶”的情感类动词hate, love, like, prefer等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别——接不定式作宾语时，一般表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，一般表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。

They prefer stayingindoors when it is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。

Would you prefer to stay at home this evening with your brother? 今晚你想和你弟弟一起待在家里吗？

b．begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义差别不大。

Tom began learning/to learn how to use a computer. 汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。 [即时演练1]

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①Don't forget to_send (send) my regards to your parents! ②Don't hesitate any more. Why not try walking (walk) this way? ③I still remember being_taken (take) to Beijing for the first time. ④—Look! The light is on!

—But I remember turning (turn) it off! (2)完成句子

①你怎么这么快就完成作业了？

How did you manage_to_finish_your_homework so soon? ②他们正在练习唱那首新歌。

They are practising_singing the new song. ③他前天到达巴黎。

He reached_Paris the day before yesterday. ④我不知道我该怎么办。 I don't know_what_I_should_do.

⑤上周一个网球砸在了我的头上，但是我尽力去忽视疼痛，认为迟早会消失的。 (浙江高考改编)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried

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to_ignore_the_pain,_believing that it would go away sooner or later.

2．“主语＋谓语＋双宾语”结构

(1)该结构中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语，一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。

Tom sent Mary a text message. 汤姆给玛丽发了一条短信。

(2)有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以位置对调，此时间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 主语＋及物动词＋物(直接宾语)＋to＋人(间接宾语)。 如：A man was distributing leafletstothe passers-by. 主语＋及物动词＋物(直接宾语)＋for＋人(间接宾语)。 如：The woman bought an elegant dressforher daughter.

[名师点津] 间接宾语前常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, bring, pass, offer, hand, distribute等。

间接宾语前加介词for的动词有buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。

[即时演练2] 句型转换

①I wrote him a letter yesterday. →I wrote alettertohim yesterday. ②My classmate drew me a horse yesterday. →My classmate drew ahorseforme yesterday.

③Mr. Smith gave a watch to me as my birthday present. →Mr. Smith gave meawatch as my birthday present. 3．“主语＋谓语＋复合宾语”结构

该结构中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，才能表达一个完整的意思。

We elected Li Yang our monitor. (Li Yang is our monitor.) The news made us sad. (We were sad.)

能充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词等，用来补充说明宾语。如：

He appointed John marketing manager. (名词)

The manufacturers made the computers portable. (形容词) I found myselfin darkness. (介词短语)

The state government encouraged voters to vote. (动词不定式)

Don't leave the waterrunning after you have washed your hands. (现在分词)

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