响，可至此处是贬义，故选D, 而且forceful这个词能够和pushy这个强势的词形成“特殊人物发出来的动作要和其身份相吻合”。

第60题：A 根据第五段“Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.”可知研究表明，父母解释规则背后的原因并将分歧转化为交谈，会使年轻人更好地为未来的争论做好准备。故本题选A。

C

Exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage. Microscopic ice crystals (结晶体) cut cells and seize moisture (潮气), making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation. Thus, organs can be made cold for only a few hours ahead of a procedure. But a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds (化合物)—similar to those found in particularly hardy (耐寒的) animals—could lengthen organs’ shelf life.

Scientists at the University of Warwick in England were inspired by proteins in some species of Arctic fish, wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing, allowing them to flourish in extreme cold. Previous research had shown these natural antifreeze molecules (分子) could preserve rat hearts at -1.3 degrees Celsius for up to 24 hours. But these proteins are expensive to extract (提取) and highly poisonous to some species. “For a long time everyone assumed you had to make synthetic (人造的) alternatives that looked exactly like antifreeze proteins to solve this problem, ”says Matthew Gibson, a chemist at Warwick who co-authored the new research. “But we found that you can design new molecules that function like antifreeze proteins but do not necessarily look like them. ”

Most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water. Scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation, but Gibson thinks it might throw water molecules into push-pull chaos that prevents them from tuning into ice. To copy this mechanism, he and his colleagues synthesized spiral-shaped molecules that were mostly water-repellent—but had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic, or water-loving. The resulting compounds were surprisingly effective at stopping ice crystals from forming. Some were also harmless to the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating they might be safe for other animals.

“These compounds are really cool because they are not proteins—they are other types of molecules that nonetheless can do at least part of what natural antifreeze proteins do, ”says Clara do Amaral, a biologist at Mount St. Joseph University, who was not involved in the research. Gibson’s antifreeze compounds will still need to be tested in humans, however, and may be only part of a solution. “We don’t have the whole picture yet, ”do Amaral adds. “It’s not just one magical compound that helps freeze-tolerant organisms survive. It’s a whole suite of adaptations.

61. What will happen if organs are kept for a long time in temperatures below zero? A. They will have ice crystal formation inside. B. They will not suffer permanent damage. C. They will have longer shelf life. D. They will be fit for transplantation.

62. What can we learn about natural antifreeze proteins? A. They look like Gibson’s antifreeze compounds.

B. They are composed of antifreeze molecules harmless to other species. C. They are spiral-shaped and have iron atoms at their centers. D. They can be found in organisms living in freezing cold weather. 63. How are antifreeze molecules prevented from ice crystals? A. By creating compounds both water-repellent and water-loving. B. By extracting the proteins from some hardy animals. C. By making synthetic alternatives like antifreeze proteins. D. By copying spiral-shaped molecules mostly water-resistant. 64. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Push-pull chaos might prevent water molecules from turning into ice. B. The final solution to preserving donor organs has been found recently. C. Chemicals inspired by Arctic animals could lengthen organs’ shelf life. D. Gibson’s antifreeze compounds can do what natural antifreeze proteins do. 答案：61-64 ADAC 解析：

第61题 A below zero与原文subfreezing temperatures同义替换,定位第一段，BCD与原文矛盾，根据第一段第二句Microscopic ice crystals cut cells and seize moisture选A。

第62题 D 根据第二段结尾do not necessarily look like them排除A根据第二段第五行highly poisonous to some species排除B。选项C说得是人造化合物并不是natural antifreeze proteins故排除。根据文章第一段结尾第二段，natural antifreeze proteins是在住在极寒环境的动物组织内，选D。 第63题 A 根据第三段第一行either attract or repel water同义替换故选A。

第64题 C 根据最后一段可知这个方案并不是final solution且仍旧需要进一步研究，科学研究类首段是主旨，这种受耐寒动物体启发而人工合成的化合物有可能lengthen organs’ shelf life故选C。

D

I remember my childhood summers fondly, as many of us do. Those golden days in which I would leave the house after a still sleepy, leisurely breakfast and come home only for lunch in the middle of a day spent entirely outdoors. We did not live in town and, thus, playmates were limited to siblings (兄弟姐妹) and the cousins who lived down the road.

Our backyard became the playground in which our imaginations would run wild—turning those few acres into magical forests, the creek (小溪) into a violent river and our trusty dog, Rex, into the many roles of horse, monster and any other creature that we children did not want to play. By the end of the three months of summer break we were sunburned from our hours in the sun, full of the memories of a thousand magical moments and bonded to our siblings in a way that winter’s forced hibernation (冬眠) never seemed to connect us.

Today, I live on the same acreage that I did as a child. My children have the blessing of having the same grassy patches to scratch their bare feet as they run through it, the same creek to stomp(跺脚)through, and not the same dog—but their very own energetic pup to imagine away the days with.

However, this is not the same world as it was twenty, thirty years ago. There are screens everywhere in the house to demand attention—televisions with hundreds of channels, computers with access to a thousand entertaining sites, tablets stocked with apps. There is also no longer the expectation of a stretch of an unscheduled three months. Their school friends tell competitive stories of carefully planned vacations, spending time traveling to all of the local attractions—various parks, the zoo, the science center, all of the festivals which come breezing through town. On the very first day of school they will be asked to list their favorite activities of the summer and no longer are these lists filled with things like finding wood to make a bridge over a creek or a day spent in imaginative play with their siblings. The lists are now full of trips, overscheduled days and “camps” that no longer offer a stay in nature.

Our children have become used to being entertained every minute. In our house, we have limits on electronics and kick the kids outside on a nice day. Even as we try as parents to set limits and get our children out in nature, the new cry of childhood seems to be “I’m bored,” which is not really just meaning “I’m bored,” “but “Please find something to entertain me, as I no longer can entertain myself even for a short period of time.” Our children no longer know how to sit in silence, entertain themselves while even waiting for a few minutes and have lost the awe of nature as they have become addicted to screen time.

We have made a choice in this household to do what is no longer expected of children in many households—we will ensure that there are days of “boredom.” We refuse to spend our days scheduling our children’s every hour. There will be many days with no plans at all, when they will be sent outside with only the grass and the trees and

their own imaginations to entertain them.

The screens will be turned off and our children will find that times of quiet can be just as or even more entertaining. They will bond with their brother and sister, making memories that they will replay in their minds well into adulthood. Even though sunscreen will be religiously applied, they will leave summer with sunburned and scratches coming from climbing trees, stomping through creeks and chasing the dog in the field.

This summer I will be giving my children the greatest gift of all—boredom. For inside boredom is the gift of getting to know your own mind, of finding comfort and joy in nature and in the realization that the greatest gifts are experience, not things.

65. From the first two paragraphs we can know that the author . A. participated in many organized activities B. enjoyed an unscheduled vacation

C. explored magical forests and a violent river D. realized the strength of patience

66. The author thinks today’s children’s activities are . A. less meaningful B. less accessible C. more related to nature

D. more in line with the nature of play

67. What is the real reason for children’s feeling of boredom? A. Children are addicted to screen time. B. Children are limited to using electronics. C. Children have no patience with everything.

D. Children lack the experience of exploring entertainment. 68. What is the author’s attitude towards his children’s childhood? A. Sympathetic. B. Envious. C. Unsatisfactory. D. Indifferent.

69. What is he author’s purpose to ensure children the days of “boredom”? A. To keep children away from electronics.