Unit1
1. Most cities in the country have introduced \
Zones\(whereby) factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.
2. He knows that the (pursuit) of social status can consume vast amounts of
his time and effort.
3. The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to
(inhibit) the spread of the disease.
4. We see many special education directors trying to (maintain) the quality of
their programs with much less money and much smaller staff.
5. People there are told it is their (patriotic) duty to support the national
economy by buying their own products.
6. Darwin's thinking both drew upon and (transcended) the conventional
ideas of his time.
7. In spite of all your (endeavors) , there may be times when you encounter
difficulties in the training process.
8. My advice to Mr. Stewart is to think carefully before entering into a career in
medicine, as this is a field which requires a lot of (dedication) and long working hours.
9. Most Chinese parents would prefer to choose some professions that are
stable and could bring (prestige) and economic benefits.
10. It is legally possible for an elderly person to (nominate) someone to act for
them, should they become incapable of looking after themselves. Expressions in use 1. When Francis got back after Easter, he was far behind his classmates and he was (removed from) the second into the third class at his own desire.
2. The president acknowledged that he had somehow (failed in) his
ability to communicate to the American people.
3. Unfortunately, as history has shown, some of the companies are guilty of
misconduct (in the pursuit of) profit.
4. The ship (deviated from) the agreed voyage and arrived about 10 days
late and in the meantime the price of sugar had fallen and the merchants lost over ￡4,000.
5. Because the transcript is still under seal, the
law (1) (precludes) them (2) (from) reading and discussing the evidence in detail.
6. In carrying out the plan we are likely to come across difficulties, but we
are determined to (triumph over) them all.
7. Without increasing investment in education, it will be increasingly
difficult for low-income people to (work their way into) the middle class.
8. All the passengers in the plane that crashed in the middle of the Andes Mountains a week ago were (written off) as dead. Translation
Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially one and each individual has the power to change things. In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages us to recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing
global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information,
communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be
equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.
世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体，每个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并从对方身上学习。世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识，让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲，要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量。世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量，让他们付诸行动。世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观，还要拥有必需的技能，使他们拥有能力和自信，积极推动世界的发展。
如今，很多年轻人不再选择\稳定\的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。
Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value
through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.
Unit2
1. Kids are more likely to (intervene) in a situation if they believe their parents expect them to help. 2. The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to (underestimate) the degree of difficulty I would face in career advancement. 3. Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well, the illness began
to (recede) .
4. Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is
my first choice and I (deem) it a great honor if I could study in your department.
5. During one particularly (bleak) moment in my career, a senior colleague of
mine said to me, \money, and you'll lose your dreams.\
6. Unless we can find a way to (appraise) nature and then invest in protecting
it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse. 7. The blizzard (暴风雪) moved south, turning into an icy rain
that (paralyzed) the airports for three days.
8. In this introduction we have diagnosed some of the causes of the illness and,
in the following chapters, we will draw attention to its various unpleasant (symptoms) .
9. In those days, divorce under any circumstances was socially unacceptable
and there was great (dismay) in the family who went through it.
10. Every time she talked about being rejected in her hunt for a job, she seemed
on the (brink) of tears, and I would quickly switch the conversation to another topic.
1. When the bus (pulled to a stop) and I got off, I was relieved because I had
finished school and I had the weekend ahead of me to enjoy myself. 2. When my car crashed into the big tree, I could feel the blood draining from
my face and I wondered whether I was about to (black out) .
3. All kinds of questions concerning the soaring housing price begin to (pop
up) on cable television and the blogosphere (博客圈).
4. The soldiers' rapid march was (stopped short) by the general's command;
they were uncertain whether to go back or forward.
5. A car crashed into the side of a house after the driver lost control
and (plowed through) a hedge (树篱).
6. Charles reappeared, after half an hour's absence, and (threw himself
into) an armchair, where he lay back for some time with his eyes shut. 7. You may be out of work but that is no reason to (let yourself go) by not
washing, brushing your hair and wearing clean clothes. 8. As her door began to open, she (grabbed for) the
telephone, and then dropped the receiver as Luke walked in. My translation
The American Dream is a national ethos (精神特质) of the United States. The term is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. The idea of an American Dream is older than the US, dating back to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. And the meaning of the Dream has changed over the course of history, including both personal components and a global vision. But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing. Some people believe that the structure of society in the US prevents such an idealistic goal for everyone. Critics often point to examples of inequality rooted in class, race, religion and ethnicity that suggest that the American Dream is not attainable for everyone.
美国梦是美利坚合众国的民族精神。该词有各种各样的用法，但其根本含义是，在美国任何人都可以通过努力获得成功，都有可能过上幸福而成功的生活。许多人对美国梦的概念加以拓展和提炼，涵盖了像自由、自我实现和深厚的人际关系等方面的内容。美国梦的思想比美国本身更为久远，可以追溯到17世纪，当时的欧洲移民面对这一新发现的、未经开发的广袤大陆，开始纷纷怀揣希望，
追逐梦想。随着历史的发展，美国梦的含义也已改变，既包含了个人元素，也包含了全局视野。但并不是每个人都对美国梦持肯定态度。一些人认为美国的社会结构决定了不是每个人都能拥有这样的理想目标。批评者常常举以实例，揭露植根于阶级、种族、宗教和民族的不平等现象，指出美国梦并非每个人都可企及。
实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation）是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。
Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times. It
basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.
Unit3
1. As a number of authors point out, the urge to migrate is a(n) (integral) part
of human nature.
2. Children should be allowed to (cherish) those few years of innocence
before they have to learn the truth about the real world.
3. He has been (afflicted) by a horrible disease, from which one of his best
friends died two weeks ago.
4. The results of the survey are (noteworthy) and useful despite being from a
small sample.
5. The director said that they needed a young actress who
could (portray) someone who was both unbalanced and confident at the same time.
6. Praise must be used wisely to (compliment) students who perform up to
expectations and to encourage students to perform to maximum levels. 7. In the (domain) of research, it is an accepted fact that scientific
publications have to be written or translated into English to get published, acknowledged, and cited.
8. He received a(n) (anonymous) call threatening to disclose details of his
affair if he didn't pay the money.
9. The movie presents Lincoln as a strong-willed, (conscientious) man who
led the US through a moral, constitutional and political crisis. 10. It is understandable that the health and welfare of their family is
a(n) (perpetual) concern for this young couple.
1. Clearly, most of the students there are full-time workers who would not
otherwise have been able to (embark on) sustained further study. 2. The court ruled that this man (be deprived of) his political rights for a
further four years after he has served his 13-year sentence.
3. I would love to have kids. I would (turn down) an Oscar to see my boy at a
baseball game or my girl at a song recital.
4. Richard was finally released on February 4, one year and six weeks after he'd
been (taken captive) .
5. She hoped Vincent would understand that her life had not been empty,
because her love would (live on) .
6. All people, whether they be rich or poor, strong or weak, privileged or
deprived, are interdependent, and (share in) the common task of seeking to achieve mankind's full potential.
7. In September 1944 he was able to return to his academic duties, but soon
after the war ended he (was stricken by) a serious illness and did
relatively little research thereafter (从那以后). 8.
She retired from the company where she has [led by example) and
been a source of encouragement to others.
Leonardo da Vinci, one of the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. A painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, and inventor, he is famous for a wide range of accomplishments. His natural genius, which crossed multiple disciplines, won him the title of \primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time. What make Leonardo's drawings unique are mainly his innovative techniques and acute scientific mind. Perhaps only 15 of his paintings have survived, partly because his constant experimentation with new techniques made his total output
quite small. Although not a prolific (多产的) painter, Leonardo was a most productive draftsman, keeping journals full of sketches, drawings, and diagrams. These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci's manuscripts, recorded his inventions, observations, and theories about everything that captured his attention. Leonard's genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he
undertook. His paintings, together with his notebooks, have contributed
significantly to the history of art.
莱奥纳多?达?芬奇是意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大的思想家之一，也许也是迄今最多才多艺的人。他是画家、雕刻家、建筑家、数学家、工程师和发明家，因成就广泛而闻名。他的天赋跨越多个领域，为其赢得了“文艺复兴大师”的称号。莱奥纳多主要作为画家而著名。在其所有作品中，《蒙娜·丽莎》最为有名，而《最后的晚餐》则是历来复制最多的宗教画作。莱奥纳多作品的独特之处主要在于其创新性的技巧和敏锐的科学思维。他的画作大约只有15幅流传了下来，其部分原因是他不断试验新的技巧，所以作品总量很小。莱奥纳多虽然不是多产画家，却是一位最高产的绘图家，他在日记中画满了各种草图、图画和图表。这些笔记通常被称为达?芬奇手稿，记录了他的各种发明、观察，以及他对自己感兴趣的事物提出的理论。莱奥纳多的天赋使他几乎在涉足的每一领域都成了先驱。
他的画作，连同他的笔记，在艺术史上贡献斐然。
水墨画（ink and wash painting）是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意象，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚
至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。
Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development,
improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique
aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.
Unit4
1. Although secondary education is (compulsory) , parents are not required
to send their children to state schools.
2. The economic situation has been worsening, causing economists
to (contemplate) whether the present policies are sustainable.
3. He was found guilty and was (imprisoned) in the Tower of London, where
he died very quickly, aged only 47.
4. It is obvious that the future of the Internet is to (globalize) more and more
areas of the world, and that e-commerce and e-entertainment are going to go for more and more markets.
5. However, your current losses should soon be (offset) by gains; the fund will
produce a positive return of 11.6 percent over a nine-month period. 6. Because she was so tall and slim, all the clothes looked marvelous on her and
the other girls would (groan) their envy.
7. This can be a helpful approach in discussion — someone may regard you
as (stubborn) since you never want to change your mind, whereas you see yourself as determined.
8. At weekends, the school park is almost empty except that a few
cars (cluster) near the entrance.
9. In the photographer's finest pictures there is also a degree of (ambiguity) ,
which allows them to be interpreted in a variety of ways.
10. Tim stretched out a hand in apology for his thoughtless remarks and
was (consoled) by a firm handshake from Mark.
1. Virginia was a perfectionist. She was just not prepared to (settle
for) anything that was second best.
2. He could be quite casual in his attitude to his wife's anxiety, and (more
often than not) failed to let her know when he would be back from a business trip.
3. \
disappointment was (mingled with) disgust.
4. Thanks to modern transportation, agricultural products in these remote
mountainous regions can also be (traded for) other goods.
5. As the market (was saturated with) a wide variety of goods, the economy
became more balanced and the competition forced the prices down. 6. Going with the flow doesn't mean that we don't know where we're going; it
means that we (are open to) multiple ways of getting there. 7. The athlete had been (endowed with) long legs and a persistent
temperament so he was very successful.
8. The wrongly accused man asked for extra compensation to (make up
for) the stress he had suffered during the case.
Unit7
1. People (donate) canned food and old clothes most frequently, but rarely do
they think about bringing in underwear — it's one of the most obvious but overlooked needs of the homeless.
2. Brian Wood watched his financial life (spiral) downward just when he
thought he had overcome the obstacles which had been dominating his past. 3. They are to leave the house with only their personal possessions, for they
have got a letter ordering the immediate (termination) of their occupancy (居住).
4. The company was reportedly going bankrupt and this would result in
the (layoff) of thousands of employees.
5. The princess who was brought up in wealth understood that many things
that are common and everyday to her are unimaginable luxuries to people on (subsistence) wages.
6. Young students should develop a broad (spectrum) of interests, which
their parents should encourage and support as best as possible. 7. I asked the waitress to refill my coffee cup and she
happily (complied) repeatedly until I had consumed enough coffee to stay up all night and study for my exam.
8. Though she lost the title of female world swimming champion last year,
she (reclaimed) it this year when she gave it all she could.
9. This type of system which (originated) in the United Kingdom has been
widely used throughout Europe and is gaining in popularity in the United States of America and Japan.
10. Failure to make the request will be fatal to the accuser's claim if the relevant
limitation period has (expired) , unless an extension of time is granted.
1. He (put down) $20,000 as a deposit on the beautiful $200,000 villa
believing that his investment would increase over time.
2. The parents who feel that their own lives are miserable and are failures
can (wind up) doing an immense amount of damage to their kids.
3. Families that are paying for college or saving for college are trying
to (scrape together) and save the money for their kids.
4. Reporters were openly and aggressively questioning whether the party
was (on the verge of)being taken over by extremists.
5. The factory had just started production and (in all likelihood) it would
take five to seven years to achieve full production.
6. The conditions for the majority of the workforce will continue
to (deteriorate into) widespread and extreme poverty if relief payment is late in coming.
7. Only those who are weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each
choice (are in a position) to know which one is best for them. 8. Her romantic illusions of being married (gave way to) recognizing her adult responsibilities that came with marriage.
窗体底端
The WTO, established on January 1, 1995, intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence (遵守) to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified (批准) by their parliaments. The process of becoming a WTO member is unique to each applicant country, and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of economic development and current trade regime (体制). China became a member of the WTO on December 11, 2001. The admission of China to the WTO was preceded by a lengthy process of negotiations and required significant changes to the Chinese economy. It also meant a deeper integration of China into the world economy. The admission of China to the WTO was an enormous multilateral (多边的) achievement which marked a clear commitment toward multilateralism from the Chinese perspective.
世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，旨在监督和促进国际贸易自由化。该组织负责对成员国之间的贸易进行调控，为贸易协定的谈判和形成制定框架，并提供争端解决机制以敦促成员国遵守世贸协定，而这些协定皆为各成员国政府的代表所签署且获得其立法机构的批准。每一个申请国加入世贸组织的过程各不相同，加入的条件取决于该国经济发展的阶段和现行贸易体制。中国在2001年12月11日成为世贸组织成员国，是在经历了漫长的谈判，并按要求对中国经济作出重大改变之后才得以加入的，这也意味着中国经济能更深入地融入到世界经济中。
中国加入世贸组织是一项巨大的多边成果，而对中国而言，这也标志着其致力于多边贸易的明确承诺。
上海自贸区（Shanghai Free Trade Zone）是中国政府于2013年设立在上海的自由贸易区。上海自贸区总面积为28.78平方公里，是中国大陆境内第一个自由贸易区，也是进行一系列经济改革的“试验田”（testing ground）。设立上海自贸区是顺应全球经贸发展新趋势，实行更加积极主动开放战略的一项重大举措。其主要任务是为全面深化改革开放探索新路径、积累新经验。上海自贸区作为试点（pilot project），是中国经济的“试金石”（touchstone），将为深化改革、促进经济活力起到积极的推动作用。
Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a free trade zone in Shanghai that was launched in 2013 by the Chinese government. Covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers, Shanghai Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind in China's mainland, and is regarded as a \ground\for a number of economic reforms. The establishment of the free trade zone is a significant measure taken to actively promote the opening-up strategy under the new global economic and trade situation. It undertakes a major task to explore new ways and accumulate new experience for the deepening of reform and opening up in an all-round way. As a pilot project, Shanghai Free Trade Zone will become a \economy. It will play an active role in deepening reforms and boosting economic vigor.
Unit8
1. He could hardly control his (indignation) at the conditions under which the
miners were forced to work, without water and enough food.
2. Both sides were very careful when drafting the ceasefire agreements; they
wanted to prevent any actions that could be considered (provocative) by either side.
3. She has always had a(n)(militant)personality; she is always prepared and
ready to do battle when she believes that the cause is right.
4. News stories (overlap) : Morning paper headlines take account of the previous
evening's radio and TV stories, and the electronic media pick up items from the daily press.
5. Lucy stretched up to kiss her dad's cheek lightly, and he patted his daughter as if
he was (conferring)an honor to her.
6. Inspired by Martin Luther King's famous speech, \people went out onto the streets to support the civil rights movement in(defiance)of the curfew. 7. Beth was (hesitant)about visiting his ex-boy friend; she worried that he might refuse to talk to her. 8. When humans first traveled into outer space, it was as revolutionary a(n)(milestone)in human culture as the invention of the wheel. 9. Perplexed, she turned and noticed her husband had collapsed and was slumped on the floor behind the counter. She rushed to him and (cradled)his head in her arms. 10. Health experts are now(preaching)that even a little exercise, such as doing housework or light gardening, is far better than none at all. 窗体顶端 1. Our students have almost limitless resources (at their disposal) : a
well-equipped library, student workrooms, a large cafeteria, an undergraduate office and a computer center.
2. South Africa's government imprisoned Nelson Mandela for 27 years, but
never succeeded in its attempt to (insulate him from)his sacred cause against racial separation.
3. Please remember to keep a copy for yourself as we cannot return
manuscripts, (irrespective of)whether or not they are published. 4. He won't be able to make any progress if he always (has a high opinion
of) himself and criticism flows off him like water off a duck's back. 5. Since Mary won the money and bought up the majority of the company's
stock shares, she now (has authority over)the people she used to take orders from.
6. Your new boss is nice and will be kind to you, provided that you ，(for your
part), work diligently without complaining too much.
7. Despite the measures put in place to prevent plagiarism, it is still not clear
how students can (get away with)cheating in their exams.
8. When the economic slump hit the country, many people who had lost their
jobs had to (dispense with)a lot of luxuries.
9. The majority of people are not lazy; they want to work hard, want to have a
better future, and want to (provide for) their families.
10. In 1940, some people thought Franklin Roosevelt was (tiptoeing
around)the question of war, instead of confronting it, until the Japanese suddenly attacked the United States Navy Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor.
Answer The New Year's Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic (爱乐乐团) is a concert of classical music that takes place each year in the morning of New Year's Day in Vienna, Austria. The music always includes pieces from the Strauss family — with occasional additional music from other main Austrian composers. The demand for tickets is so high that people have to pre-register one year in advance in order to participate in the drawing of tickets for the following year. The popularity of the concerts can be attributed to the creative energy of the compositions of the Strauss Dynasty, as well as their authoritative
interpretations. These concerts not only delight the audiences in the Musikverein (金色大厅) in Vienna, but also enjoy great international popularity through the worldwide television broadcast, which now reaches over 90 countries. Originating during the darkest chapter in Austria's history, these concerts convey the desire of the Philharmonic not only to provide musically definitive interpretations of the masterworks of this genre, but at the same time, as musical ambassadors of Austria, to send people all over the world a New Year's greeting in the spirit of hope, friendship and peace.
My translation
维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会是古典音乐会，每年元旦上午在奥地利维也纳举行。音乐会通常会选取施特劳斯家族的作品，偶尔也会选取来自奥地利的其他知名作曲家的音乐。新年音乐会的门票一票难求，人们必须提前一年注册，才能参与下一年门票的抽签。新年音乐会大受欢迎，这不仅归功于施特劳斯家族作品的创新力，还要归功于其对音乐的权威诠释。音乐会给维也纳金色大厅中的听众带来了愉悦，在全世界也广受喜爱，现在已经有90多个国家可以通过电视转播收看。维也纳新年音乐会始于奥地利历史上最黑暗的时期，它表达了爱乐乐团对古典音乐经典作品进行诠释的渴望，同时，本着希望、友谊以及和平的精神，乐团也希望音乐会能成为奥地利的音乐使者，为全球送去新年祝福。
中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。
听力
Unit1
1. A. Call the secretary again at 10 today. B. Make another appointment. C. Express his thanks for the call. D. Cancel the meeting with the secretary. 2. A. She will buy another calculator. B. She wants the man to buy a calculator. C. She will give the man a calculator for a coffee. D. She wants to invite the man for a coffee. 3. A. Go to graduate school. B. Study career development. C. Pursue something abstract. D. Work on theoretical mathematics 4. 5. B. The job involves a lot of difficulties. 1. D. The job is inviting only in terms of its pay. A. To get permission to attend his class. B. To get permission to quit his class. C. To get permission for a sick leave. D. To get permission to get her essay back. A. She faces the danger of lowering her grade point average. B. She cannot take a film class next semester. C. She wants to cover her humanities requirements. D. She has difficulty in reading Great Expectations. A. Sign up for free tutoring in writing. B. Work with Dr. Pearl at his office every day. A. Ken has something wrong with his ears. B. Ken is better known than before. C. Ken attended the important lecture. D. Ken is always absent-minded. A. The job is hard especially in summer. C. The job is challenging but rewarding. 2. 3. C. Work with Dr. Pearl at The Found Librarian every day. D. Go to the University Writing Center at 11 a.m. each Friday. A. Disappointed. B. Indifferent. C. Patient. D. Satisfied. 4. Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly and justifiably confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet. It's so important to (1)
believe in yourself. Believe that you can do anything under any (2)
(circumstances) , because if you believe you can, then you really will. That belief just keeps you (3) (searching for) success, and then pretty soon you can get it. Confidence is more than an attitude. It comes from knowing exactly where you are going, and how you are going to get there. It comes from (4)
(a strong sense of) purpose. It comes from a strong commitment to take (5) (responsibility) , rather than just let life happen. One way to develop self-confidence is to do the thing you fear and get a record of successful experiences behind you. Confidence does not equal self-importance. Self-importance is born out of fear and (6)comes from strength and (7) (insecurity) , while confidence (integrity) . Confidence is not just believing you can do it. Confidence is knowing you can do it, and knowing that you are capable of (8)
(accomplishing) anything you want. Anything can be achieved through focused, determined effort, commitment and self-confidence. If your life is not what you (9) (are longing for) , you have the power to change it, and you must make such changes on a moment-by-moment basis. Live with your goals and your plan of action, and live each moment with your (10)
(priorities) in mind, then you will have the life you want. Unit2
1. 2.
3. A. He is upset that his sister is missing. B. He is tired of his sister's explanations. C. He is dissatisfied with his sister's housework. D. He's very unhappy at his sister's act. A. He is always in a bad mood.
B. He is rarely in a bad mood.
C. He often loses his temper. D. He makes a fuss about losing his temper.
A. He didn't make the joke about Horace on purpose. B. He made Horace angry by calling his nickname.
C. He couldn't help Horace with his problem. D. He offended Horace deliberately. A. He feels unsympathetic. B. He feels it's too bad. 4. C. He feels it's unfair. D. He feels disappointed A. She can't get prepared for the interview. B. She is confident about the interview. C. She can't bear the all-week interview. D. She is worried about the interview. A. One or two times. B. Two or three times. C. Three or four times. D. Four or five times. A. Because the man loves the yellow and blue flowers there. B. Because he and his father had a lot of happy memories there. C. Because the mountain is a good place for hiking and camping. D. Because the mountain is the favorite place for his Family. A. He had a heart attack and died peacefully. B. He was attacked hard and died quickly. C. He died peacefully when preparing dinner. D. He died peacefully while sleeping on the bed. A. Boyfriend and girlfriend. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. B. Teacher and student. C. Husband and wife. D. Boss and employee. Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, (1)
(exerting) an influence on one's outlook for hours, days or even
weeks. That's (2) (fabulous) if your mood is a pleasant one, but it
will be a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or lonely. Perhaps one of the best ways to deal with such moods is to (3)
(talk them out) . Sometimes, though, there is no one to listen.
Modern science offers an abundance of drugs to deal with bad moods. But scientists have also discovered the practicability of several non-drug (4)
(approaches) to release you from an unwanted mood. These
can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being healthier. So, the next time you feel out of sorts, don't (5)store – try the following approach.
Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, physical exercise seems to be the most (6) (efficient) cure for a bad mood. \
(ead for) the drug
up the exercise, you'd be in high spirits,\of Running for Health and Beauty. Obviously, physical activity (7)
(is linked with) mood changes.
Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise (8)(compare favorably to / compare
favourably to) drugs as a mood raiser. Physical exertion such as housework,
however, does little help, probably because it is not intensive enough, and people usually do it unwillingly. The key is physical exercise – running, cycling,
walking, swimming or other sustained activities that (9) (boost) he
heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body's use of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a (10) (session) , three to five times a week.
Unit3
1. A. They are practicing the piano together. B. They are taking a music class. C. They are discussing shared interests. D. They are discussing their curriculum schedules. 2. B. It was not well-organized. C. It was planned in advance. D. It was a party worthy of memory. A. Go to a party with the woman. B. Make an appointment with the doctor. C. Look after the woman's children. D. Go to see the doctor at 11:00. A. She thinks he talks too much. B. She thinks he is always very frank. C. She thinks he is simple-minded. A. It was rather successful. 3. 4. D. She thinks he doesn't like speaking. 5. C. He is going to help Mr. Smith move to a new house. D. He is going to tell Mr. Smith the good news A. Because she wants to take a long vacation. B. Because she wants to interview news producers. C. Because she wants to volunteer for an organization. D. Because she wants to prepare for the election season. A. The woman's husband volunteered to build houses after the hurricane. B. Over 150,000 volunteers worked for the building of houses after the hurricane. C. The man's sister also helped to build houses after the hurricane. D. More than 3,000 new houses were built after the hurricane. A. Because she is influenced by her husband who is a loyal volunteer of it. B. Because she can learn a lot of useful skills for building a house. C. Because she enjoys developing friendships and building communities through volunteer work. D. Because she loves the feeling of helping the poor to have their own houses. A. He would not let the woman have 14 days off. A. He is going to congratulate Mr. Smith. B. He is going to move to a new apartment house. 1. 2. 3. 4. B. He finally agreed to let the woman take 14 days off. C. He was a volunteer for Habitat for Humanity. D. He would finish the woman's work instead. Many neighbor disputes end up in court because of poor communication. If something dangerous or (1) (illegal)happens, the cops are the
obvious solution. But if problems that arise are grayer, communication is the best way to save money and trouble. Here are some tips to be a good neighbor and deal with a bad one:
? Get to know each other. Being a good neighbor doesn't mean (2)
(taking family vacations)together. Just knowing them well
enough to say hi, or maybe borrowing a cup of sugar or loaning a gardening tool, can build trust and understanding. Issues are much more likely to occur among strangers than even casual (3)(acquaintances) .
? Head off problems before they're problems. If you are (4)
(throwing a party) at your place, go to all neighbors who might
be affected and offer them two things: a (5) (verbal) invitation to the
party and a card with your phone number. If they are not (6)
(tolerant) of the noise or there are other problems, your neighbors
can call you instead of asking the police to (7) (intervene) Tell your
neighbors what's bothering you – don't assume they know what the problem is. Be open and direct, not passive-aggressive. Ask for their opinions, and wherever possible, propose a solution that (8) (splits the
difference) and demonstrates a willingness to compromise. Stay cool and
positive, even if your neighbors are not.
? Check with other neighbors. See if anybody else on the block is having
similar issues – they may be willing to help (9) (resolve) it. If one of
the neighbors is close to the troublemaker, have them come with you when you (10) (talk it out) .
Bottom line? As with any relationship, being a good neighbor – or dealing with a bad one – is all about communication.
Unit4
1. B. Ted is very interested in computer class. C. Ted will establish his own computer company. D. Ted is not capable of setting up his computer company. 2. C. He is worried about people in areas lacking water. D. He is worried about the pollutants in wastewater. 3. 4. B. How to share online profiles to look for a potential relationship. C. The man thinks intelligent cars might be expensive. D. The man is working with some engineers on intelligent cars. A. A business idea brought forth by an airline. A. The man is tired of driving cars to work every day. B. The man is planning to buy an intelligent car. A. He is worried about the waste water recycling. B. He is worried about the price of the tiny engines. A. Ted will drop out of school. C. A dating program which helps people look for a partner online. D. The in-flight online service offered by an airline. 5. C. She suggests the man start a video store online. D. She suggests the man edit videos for people online. A. He has written three stories and that is not enough. B. He has no idea about his new writing assignment. C. Writing three stories in two months is too much for him. D. The two-month creative writing class is boring. A. She has long talks with someone on the beach. B. She will first think about characters and the plot. C. She draws inspiration by taking long walks in nature. D. She usually goes to the train station to find inspiration. A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Indifferent. D. Disapproving. A. She suggests the man shoot videos for people online. B. She suggests the man quit the online business. 1. 2. 3. 4. A. Watch interesting people with strange hats. B. Get creative ideas from real daily life. C. Listen to dramatic goodbyes in different accents. D. Talk with people to know their stories. Scientific research should improve our overall quality of life. The government should provide financial and political support to any research that is likely to result in immediate and significant benefits for the people. However, people's ideas (1)(vary) when it comes to whether the government should support scientific research with no practical use. Still (2) (a large portion of) people believe that the government should distribute adequate funds to any scientific research that aims to improve the (3)
(well-being) of people, even if it is of no practical use in the short run. Scientific research whose social benefits are immediate, predictable, and (4)
(profound) should continue to be a high priority. For example, biotechnology research has been proven to help cure and prevent diseases; information technology enables education to be more (5) (accessible) ; and communication technology facilitates global peace by improving mutual understanding among people and their participation in the democratic process.
However, this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given a lower priority. It is difficult to predict which research will (6)
(ultimately) lead to the greatest contributions to society. Reluctance to finance less practical scientific research could (7) (have a harmful effect on) the efforts to explore new knowledge. This is particularly true of the
computer sciences, For instance, before the first computer was invented, public opinions (8) (went against) it, as most people saw nothing practical in computer research. However, computers transformed the way human society evolved and proved to be of great avail in the long run, especially in terms of scientific development in fields such as the military, medicine, (9) (aviation) , and education. Therefore, never should we think that scientific research whose benefits are unknown (10)
(is not worth pursuing) since the purpose of any research should be to discover truths, whatever it might be.
Unit5
1. A. She should talk about the promotion with her boss. B. She should keep shut until a better job is available. C. She should quit her job to get a better one. D. She should urge her boss to keep the promise. A. She can't understand the man's point of view. B. The man should earn the bread. 2. C. The man is responsible for his family. D. She can't agree more with the man. A. The man is ungrateful in deciding to leave. B. The man has a good reason to decide to leave. C. She regrets having done a lot for the man's career. 3. D. She asks the man to pay back the money spent on him. 4. D. He cannot afford to have a coffee break. 5. C. She was fed up with counting money at her job. D. She was to quit her job and look for an accounting job. A. Having no ice-cold lemon juice to ease the crazy heat. B. Awful job, hot weather and working outside. C. Having to pay his rent immediately. D. Graduating from college without his own business. A. A self-made millionaire. B. A gardener. C. A professional dancer. D. A senior clerk. A. Supportive. B. Sarcastic. A. She was just telling a joke about quitting her job. B. She wasn't satisfied with her salary. A. He has to sit at the computer for half an hour. B. He will stop to enjoy a coffee break. C. He will finish his report soon. 1. 2. 3. C. Indifferent. D. Worried. A. Playing video games for a living. B. Becoming a pilot. C. Working as a gardener. D. Becoming a ballroom dancer. 4. A poorly trained manager can make an employee's life miserable. In 99 out of 100 cases, employees may (1)gradually become no longer (2)(suffer from) low spirits and then (enthusiastic) about their jobs
just because they have a boss who doesn't approve of them, doesn't listen to them, or generally (3) (erodes) their self-esteem.
Three basic skills that every manager should use in order to be (4)
(competent) on the job are: being specific, enhancing others'
self-esteem and listening effectively. Being specific means giving (5)
(clear-cut) instructions about what is to be done and the results to
be achieved. Being specific also means describing the behavior of people rather than(6) (labeling) people. It includes giving both positive
feedback that tells them what to repeat and corrective feedback that is firm, yet not critical. Then it (7) (comes down to) evoking in the
employees self-esteem. Self-esteem is a private, individual matter. It is not fixed, but goes up and down from day to day, or even from hour to hour. Thus, building self-esteem is no easy task. Managers can't MAKE people feel good about themselves, but rather, they need to help people develop their own
self-esteem as self-esteem is like a door that's locked from the inside. A final skill that today's managers need more than ever is listening. Listening may seem like a (8) (commonplace) skill, but it's not practiced as
(tend to) think
much as it should be in business today. People (9)about what they are going to say in response when another person is talking, instead of (10)what he / she means.
(focusing on) what that person is saying and
Unit6
1. C. They still have plenty of time to work on the assignment. D. They will have difficulty completing the presentation on time. 2. A. The assignment couldn't be finished until Friday. B. The assignment keeps them too busy all this week. A. He is too busy to go with her. B. He has to read a history book. C. He has already visited the museum. D. He must hand in a report about the museum. A. Americans travel around the country in cars. B. Americans are heavily dependent on cars. C. America's roads and highways are highly developed. 3. D. America's traffic problems are serious. A. They can get clues to our past from old family pictures. 4. B. They are only interested in important events and people. C. They like the 20th-century photographs. D. They like studying ordinary people's family history. A. He should have taken more courses. B. He will probably fail the test this Friday. C. He is not good at playing games. D. He should remember all those names and dates. A. Working outside in the yard. B. Baking breakfast in the yard. C. Making lemon juice. D. Enjoying the air conditioning. A. It was invented during World War II. B. It was available in people's homes since 1902. C. It was invented by Willis Carrier. D. It was available immediately after its invention. A. He was often offered an ice-cold drink after work. B. He always wore wet clothes to keep cool. C. He kept cool in summer by swimming in a stream. 5. 1. 2. 3. D. He was happy to get sunburned when working outside. A. A weather machine. B. A personal ice cream machine. C. A portable air conditioner. D. Air-conditioning clothes. 4. The Sultana was a Mississippi River steamboat destroyed in an explosion on April 27, 1865. An (1) (estimated)1,800 of the 2,400 passengers were killed, and the Sultana sank not far from Memphis, Tennessee. This disaster received little public attention, as it took place soon after the President Abraham Lincoln was (2)
(assassinated) . The wooden steamboat was constructed in 1863 and (3) (was intended to) be used for the lower Mississippi cotton trade. Registering 1,719 tons, the steamboat was built to carry no more than 376 people. For two years, it ran a regular route between St. Louis and New Orleans. Sometimes it was asked to carry troops. The Sultana left New Orleans on April 21, 1865. Most of the passengers were Union soldiers who had recently been (4)camps. The US government had (5) (released from) Confederate prison (made a contract with) the Sultana to transport these former prisoners of war back to their homes in the north.
At 2 a.m. on April 27, about seven miles north of Memphis, at least one boiler (6)
(gave way) , causing a huge explosion that destroyed the center portion of the boat, throwing sleeping men high into the air before landing in the river. Confusion and chaos (7) (ensued) as men tried to save themselves and others. Many drowned while others burned to death.
The direct cause of the explosion was later determined to be the leaky and poorly repaired steam boiler. Passengers who (8) (survived) the initial explosion had to risk their lives in the icy water of the Mississippi or burn with the ship. Many died of drowning or coldness. Bodies of (9) (victims) continued to be found downriver for months. Many were never recovered. Some of the Sultana's crew, including the captain, were among those who (10) (perished). Unit7
1.
A. He thinks he can repair the laptop.
B. He thinks the laptop damage is beyond repair.
D. It's hard to clean the spills from
C. It's not easy to spot the problem with her laptop.her laptop. 2. A. Turn the switch off for a while and then restart it. B. Turn the switch on and then wait for a while. C. Turn the red light off if it is glowing. D. Turn the switch all the way up. A. The man believed that the exam would only cover eight lessons. B. The man would have to review more lessons to meet the exam requirements. C. The woman argued that the exam would only cover the first five 3. lessons. D. The woman would have to spend the weekend going over more lessons. 4. 5. B. Decline the employer directly and politely. C. Thank the employer although she was rejected. D. Tell the employer her current situation. A. He hasn't read the textbook. B. He has difficulties in writing an essay. C. He thinks there are too many concepts in the textbook. D. He is worried whether he could pass the test. A. Because he is too shy and nervous. B. Because he failed the class once before. C. Because he once offended the professor. D. Because he is often called on by the professor in class. A. She is well-known for being willing to help students. A. Change his ideas completely. B. Move forward to face the trouble. C. Meet his partner halfway to his home. D. Make a compromise with his partner. A. Find a more suitable job by declining the present one. 1. 2. 3. B. She is easy to talk to and good at making complex ideas easy. C. She has office hours on Wednesday at 11 a.m. D. She is a patient listener and can understand complex ideas. A. Do more research to get ready for the meeting with the teaching assistant. B. Post his difficulties online in search of expert opinions. C. Talk to some university professors who post video lectures online. D. Surf the Internet to get help from some great lectures online. 4. Research shows a close relation between reading speed and understanding that in most cases an increase in rate (1) (was accompanied by) an increase in comprehension and a decrease in rate brought decreased comprehension with it. However, simply speeding the rate especially through forced (2)
(acceleration) may actually result in making the real reading problem more (3)total (4) (severe) .The obvious solution, then, is to increase rate as a part of a (endeavor / endeavour) of the whole reading process. Then how? You can prepare for maximum increase in rate by establishing (5)
(practicable) habits, such as avoiding rereading and whispering while reading, learning to adjust reading rate to increase comprehension.
Rate adjustment may be overall adjustment, or internal adjustment within an article. As an (6) (analogy) , imagine that you plan to take a 100-mile mountain trip in three hours, averaging about 35 miles an hour. This is your overall rate adjustment.
However, in actual driving you may slow down to 15 miles per hour on some curves, while (7)(speeding up) to 50 miles per hour on relatively straight sections. This is your internal rate adjustment. Poor results are inevitable if the reader (8) (attempts to) use the same rate for all types of material and for all reading purposes. A good reader adjusts his / her reading rate from article to article, or even within a given article. So you need to (9)
(foster) a good reading habit by daily training until a flexible reading rate becomes (10)(second nature) to you. Research shows a close relation between reading speed and understanding that in most cases an increase in rate (1)
(was accompanied by) an increase in comprehension and a decrease in rate brought decreased comprehension with it. However, simply speeding the rate especially through forced (2)making the real reading problem more (3)is to increase rate as a part of a total (4)reading process. Then how?
You can prepare for maximum increase in rate by establishing (5)
(practicable) habits, such as avoiding rereading and whispering while reading, learning to adjust reading rate to increase comprehension.
Rate adjustment may be overall adjustment, or internal adjustment within an article. As an (6) (analogy) , imagine that you plan to take a 100-mile mountain trip in (acceleration) may actually result in (severe) .The obvious solution, then, (endeavor / endeavour) of the whole three hours, averaging about 35 miles an hour. This is your overall rate adjustment. However, in actual driving you may slow down to 15 miles per hour on some curves,
while (7)(speeding up) to 50 miles per hour on relatively straight sections. This is your internal rate adjustment. Poor results are inevitable if the reader (8) (attempts to) use the same rate for all types of material and for all reading purposes. A good reader adjusts his / her reading rate from article to article, or even within a given article. So you need to (9)
(foster) a good reading habit by daily training until a flexible reading rate becomes (10)(second nature) to you. Unit8
1. A. Mobile phones disturb students when they study. B. Mobile phones help to promote the learning of students. C. Mobile phones bring convenience to students. D. Mobile phones are being overused. 2. A. Because she doesn't have anyone to add to her contact list. B. Because she doesn't install any chatting software. C. Because she believes that online chatting is unsafe. D. Because she is used to traditional ways of contact. 3. A. She will inform the faculty members in person. B. She has to ask the engineers to repair the network. C. She's not sure if the network will be OK in the afternoon. D. She can't send the email right now. 4. A. Because most people were cell phone addicts and didn't concentrate on their conversation. B. Because most people were busy with their work and couldn't focus on their conversation. C. Because most people were busy with their work and couldn't attend the party. D. Because most people were using cell phones to keep contact with 5. each other. A. Online love is not as reliable as you expected. B. Online love is something you need to have a try. C. Online love will change your mind about the cyber world. D. Online love should first begin with a date. 1.
A. Because she has just got a new puppy dog. B. Because she has just got an email she expected. C. Because she met her pen pal in Granada.
D. Because she received a letter from her pen pal.
2.
A. A nurse in Sydney.
B. An accountant in Miami.
C. A nurse in Miami.
D. An accountant in Sydney. A. Local events and weather. B. Political events. C. Old cowboy movies.
D. Their daughters.
A. Because she believes that old-style letters are full of thoughts and ideas.
3.
4.
B. Because she thinks that letters are the same as loving gifts. C. Because she can order a new book in the mail.
D. Because she thinks waiting for a letter is like expecting a gift from far away.
The most useful bit of the media is disappearing. In North America, newspapers are now an (1) (endangered)species. The business
of selling words to readers and selling readers to advertisers, which has sustained their role in society, is(2) (falling apart) .
Of all the old media, newspapers have the most to lose from the Internet. Circulation has been falling in many countries. But in the past few years the Web has hastened the decline. In his book The Vanishing Newspaper, Philip Meyer (3)(calculates) that the first quarter of 2043 will be the
moment when newsprint dies in America as the last exhausted reader (4)
(tosses aside) the last crumpled (弄皱的) edition.
Advertising is following readers who (5) (turn to) the Internet. The
rush is intense, largely because the Internet is an attractive medium that (6)
(unprecedentedly) matches buyers with sellers and proves
to advertisers that their money is well spent. In Switzerland and the Netherlands newspapers have lost half their (7)(classified) advertising to the Internet. Newspapers have not yet started to (8) (shut down) in large
numbers, but it is only a matter of time. Over the next few decades half of North America's general papers may fold. Jobs are already disappearing. According to the Newspaper Association of America, the number of people employed in the newspaper industry fell by (9)(approximately) 18 percent between 1990 and 2004. Moreover, this year Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, attacked the New York Times Company, because its share price had fallen by nearly 50 percent in four years. This may suggest, to some extent, that tumbling shares of listed newspaper firms have prompted (10) (fury) from investors.