ҽѧÀàÓлú»¯Ñ§Ï°Ìâ²Î¿¼´ð°¸ ÏÂÔØ±¾ÎÄ

Br(3)CH3NaOH/ C2H5OHCH3

CH3-CH-CHCN3(4)CH3CH=CHH3OHBr2CH3-CH-CHBr3NaCNCH3-CH-COOHCH3

C6H5CH-CHBr(5)C6H5CH=CH(1) CO2(2) H3O2HBrMg3C6H5CH-CHMgBr3ÎÞË®ÒÒÃÑC6H5CH-COOHCH3

8£®Â±´úÍéÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÔÚË®-ÒÒ´¼ÈÜÒºÖнøÐз´Ó¦£¬´ÓÏÂÁÐÏÖÏóÅжÏÄÄЩÊôÓÚSN2Àú³Ì£¬ÄÄЩÊôÓÚSN1Àú³Ì£¿

£¨1£© ²úÎïµÄ¹¹ÐÍÍêȫת±ä£ºSN2 £¨2£© ÓÐÖØÅŲúÎSN1

£¨3£© Ôö¼ÓÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶È£¬·´Ó¦ËÙ¶ÈÃ÷ÏԼӿ죺SN2 £¨4£© Êå±´úÌþ·´Ó¦ËÙ¶ÈÃ÷ÏÔ´óÓÚÖÙ±´úÌþ£ºSN1

£¨5£© ·´Ó¦²»·Ö½×¶ÎÒ»²½Íê³É£ºSN2

9£®Ð´³öÏÂÁб´úÌþ½øÐЦÂ-Ïû³ý·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦Ê½£¬Ö¸³öÖ÷Òª²úÎï²¢ÃüÃû¡£ £¨1£©3-¼×»ù-1-¶¡Ï©

£¨2£©2£¬3-¶þ¼×»ù-2-¶¡Ï©

£¨3£©2-¼×»ù-2-¶¡Ï©£¨ÖØÅźó£¬ÔÙÏû³ý£©

10. ÅжÏÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïÄÜ·ñÓëÏõËáÒøµÄ´¼ÈÜÒº·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬ÈçÄÜ·¢Éú£¬Ôòд³ö·´Ó¦Ê½À´£¬²¢×¢Ã÷ÊÇ·ñÐèÒª¼ÓÈÈ£¿

£¨3£©ºÍ£¨4£©ÊôÓÚÏ©±û»ùÐÍ£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª¼ÓÈÈ£»£¨5£©ÊôÓÚ¹ÂÁ¢ÐÍ£¬ÄÜ·¢Éú£¬µ«ÐèÒª¼ÓÈÈ£»£¨1£©ºÍ£¨2£©ÊôÓÚÒÒÏ©ÐÍ£¬²»·¢Éú·´Ó¦¡£

11. ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H10µÄAÌþ£¬ÓëäåË®²»·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ×ÏÍâ¹âÕÕÉäÏÂÓëµÈĦ¶ûäå×÷Óõõ½²úÎïB£¨C5H9Br£©£¬BÓëKOHµÄ´¼ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈȵõ½C£¨C5H 8£©£¬C¾­ËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÑõ»¯µÃµ½Îì¶þËᡣд³öA£¬B£¬CµÄ½á¹¹Ê½¼°¸÷²½·´Ó¦¡£

hvBr2H3CClCH3BrKOH/EtOHKMnOH4HOOC(CH2)3COOH

OHCH312£®»¯ºÏÎïAË®½â²úÉúÁ½ÖÖ´¼£¬ÊÔ½âÊÍ¡£

H3CH

(A)ÊôÓÚÊå±´úÌþ, ÆäÇ׺ËÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦¿É°´SN1»úÀí½øÐÐ, ÖмäÌåΪÕý̼Àë×Ó, ¶øÇ×

HHH(A)CH3H3C+H3CCH3OHºËÊÔ¼Á¿É´ÓÁ½¸ö·½Ïò½ø¹¥Õý̼Àë×Ó, ¹ÊÓÐÉÏÊöÁ½ÖÖÈ¡´ú²úÎï.

13

µÚ°ËÕ ´¼¡¢Áò´¼¡¢·Ó

1£®ÃüÃûÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎ

£¨1£©2-ÛÏ»ùÒÒ´¼ (2) 2-¼×»ù-1,4-¶¡¶þ´¼£¨3£©2-¼×Ñõ»ù-4-Ï©±û»ù±½·Ó (4) 1-¼×»ù-2-»·ÎìÏ©´¼ (5) 3,3-¶þ¼×»ù¶¡´¼ (6) ±½ÒÒ´¼ (7) ¸ÊÓÍ-3-Á×Ëáõ¥ £¨8£©Ë³-3-¼×»ù»·¼º´¼

2. д³öÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïµÄ½á¹¹Ê½:

OHNO2NO2OHHSCH(3)(1)NO22COOH(2)OH(4)2-ÛÏ»ùÒÒËáO2NOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2

CH3OH(5)(CH3)2CH-SH(6)CH3CH2OHCH3(7)HHOH(8)HCCH3CHCH2OH

3£®Íê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦Ê½£º (1)(2)C6H5SH + NaOHC6H5CH2-CH-CH3 + H2SO4OHSC6H5SNaC6H5CH=CHCH3

(3)HSCH2-CHSO3Na+ Hg2HgSSO3NaSH

CH2OH(4)HOCH2OH + NaOHCOOHNaO

(5)SS+ [ H ]HSCH2CH2-CH(CH2)4COOHSH4£®Óû¯Ñ§·½·¨¼ø±ðÏÂÁи÷×黯ºÏÎ £¨1£© ¶Ô-(¼×)±½·ÓÄÜÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ¡£

£¨2£© 1£¬2-±û¶þ´¼£¬ÊôÓÚÁ¬¶þ´¼£¬ÄÜÓëÇâÑõ»¯Í­³ÉÀ¶É«¡£ £¨3£© Ë®ÑîËẬ·ÓôÇ»ù£¬¿ÉÓëÈýÂÈ»¯ÌúÐγÉÓÐÑÕÉ«µÄÂçºÏÎï¡£ £¨4£© ÓëÉÏÊöͬÀí¡£

£¨5£© ²®¡¢ÖÙºÍÊå´¼Ó묿¨Ë¹ÊÔ¼ÁµÄ·´Ó¦ËٶȲ»Í¬¡£ÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇ, ²®´¼¿É±»

Ñõ»¯, ¶øÊå´¼²»ÄÜ. 6£®ÏÂÁи÷¶Ô´¼ÖУ¬ÄÄÒ»¸ö½ÏÒ×ÍÑË®£¿²¢Ö¸³öÆäÖ÷ÒªµÄÍÑË®²úÎ

(1) ǰÕ߱ȺóÕßÈÝÒ×, Ö÷Òª²úÎïΪ: (CH3)2C=CHCH3.

(2) ºóÕß±ÈǰÕßÈÝÒ×, Ö÷Òª²úÎïΪ: CH3CH=CHCH3. (3) ǰÕ߱ȺóÕßÈÝÒ×, Ö÷Òª²úÎïΪ: (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2. 7£®¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄ½á¹û£¬Ð´³ö»¯ºÏÎïA¡¢B¡¢CºÍDµÄ½á¹¹¡£

14

CH2OH(A)CH3CH3OH(B)OHOHOH(C) (CH3)2C-CH-CH-CH3OHOH(D)HO-CH2-CH-CH-CH2OH

8£®Ä³»¯ºÏÎïAµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC7H8O£¬A²»ÈÜÓÚË®ºÍNaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖУ¬µ«ÄÜÈÜÓÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖУ¬²¢¿ÉÓëäåË®·´Ó¦Éú³É»¯ºÏÎïB£¬Æä·Ö×ÓʽΪC7H5OBr3¡£ÊÔд³öAºÍBµÄ½á¹¹Ê½¡£ÈôA²»ÄÜÈÜÓÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÊÔÍÆ²âAµÄ¿ÉÄÜÊÇʲô½á¹¹¡£

(A)(A)HOCH3OHOH(B)HOBrCH3BrBr

9. ¸ÃÌâ´íÎó, ±»ÍƲâµÄ·Ö×ӽṹÎÞ·¨Í¬Ê±Âú×ãÉÏÊöÌõ¼þ. 10£®ÊÔд³öÏÂÃæ·´Ó¦Ê½µÄ·´Ó¦»úÖÆ£º

OHCH3CH3CH3O(²»ÈÜNaOH£©HOH2CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3-HCH3CH3

µÚ¾ÅÕ ÃѺͻ·Ñõ»¯ºÏÎï

1£®ÃüÃûÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎ

(1) 2-¼×Ñõ»ù¶¡Íé (2) 1,1,3,3-ËÄÒÒÑõ»ù±ûÍé (3) Êå¶¡»ùÜлùÃÑ

(4)O(5)CH3OCH3(6)2CH3CH3OCH37-Oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptaneCH3-CH-CH-CH2,3-Dimethyl-oxirane7-Ñõ´ú-Ë«»·[4.1.0]¸ýÍé 2-¼×»ù-3¼×Ñõ»ùÎìÍé 2£¬3-¶þ¼×»ù»·ÑõÒÒÍé 2. д³öÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïµÄ½á¹¹Ê½:

(1) ±½²¢-12-¹Ú-4(2) ÒÒÏ©»ùÕý±ûÃÑCH3O

(3) ÜîÏãÄÔCH=CHCH(4) ¶¡×ÓÏã·ÓOCH33(5) ޼«ÃÑOCH33OOHOCH2CH=CHOCH2CH2=CHOCHOO2CH2CH3

CH33£®Íê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦£º

(1)CH3CH3O+ HClCH3-C-CH2-OHClSN1

CH3(2)CH3CH3O+ NH3H2OCH3-C-CH2-NH2OHSN2

15

(3)O+ HI(¹ýÁ¿£©I(CH2)4I

4. Óû¯Ñ§·½·¨¼ø±ðÏÂÁи÷×黯ºÏÎ

£¨1£© ¼×»ùÏ©±û»ùÃÑÓë±ûÃÑ£ºÇ°ÕßÄÜʹäåÍÊÉ«¡£

£¨2£© »·¼ºÍéÓëÕý¶¡ÃÑ£ººóÕßÄÜÓëÖÊ×ÓÐγÉìÈÑζøÈÜÓÚËá¡£

£¨3£© ¶¡ÃÑÓë¶¡´¼£ººóÕßÄÜÓë½ðÊôÄÆ×÷Ó÷ųöÇâÆø¡£

5£®Ä³»¯ºÏÎïAµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC4H8O£¬Ëü²»ÄÜÓë½ðÊôÄÆ×÷Óã¬Ò²²»ÄÜÓë¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬µ«ÓëÇâµâËá¹²ÈÈÉú³É»¯ºÏÎïB¡£BÔÚ¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂË®½â£¬µÃµ½»¯ºÏÎïC¡£CÄÜÓë½ðÊôÄÆ×÷Ó㬲¢Äܱ»¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒºÑõ»¯³É3-¶¡ÍªËá¡£ÊÔд³öA¡¢BºÍCµÄ½á¹¹¡£

CH3OHINaOHCH3-CH-CHI2COOH2CH2OHCH3-CH-CHOH2CH2OH

6. ij»¯ºÏÎïAµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC10H14O¡£AÓëÄÆ²»·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬ÓëŨÁòËá¹²ÈÈÉú³É»¯ºÏÎïBºÍC¡£BÄÜÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬²¢ÓëÈýÂÈ»¯Ìú×÷ÓÃÏÔ×ÏÉ«¡£C¾­´ß»¯¼ÓÇâºó£¬µÃµ½·Ö×ÓÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÊåÇâµÄÍéÌþ¡£ÊÔд³öA¡¢BºÍCµÄ½á¹¹Ê½¡£ (A)OCH2CH(CH3)2KMnO4CH3COCH(B)OH(C)CH2=C(CH3)2

7£®Ð´³öÏÂÁи÷²úÎïµÄ½á¹¹Ê½£º

HCH3OHKI / H2OOCH3OCH2CH2OHHOCH2CH2INH3CH3ONaCH3OHH2NCH2CH2OHCH3OCH2CH2OH

8£®µ±ÒÒ´¼ÄÆÓë±ê¼ÇµÄ2-Âȼ׻ù»·ÑõÒÒÍ飨I£©·´Ó¦Ê±£¬Ö÷ÒªµÃµ½£¨II£©£¬½âÊÍΪʲô£¿

µÚÒ»²½·´Ó¦ÊÇÔÚ¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏ·¢Éú£¬ÊôÓÚSN2·´Ó¦»úÀí¡£Ó¦¸Ã×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬µ±µÚÒ»²½·´Ó¦ºó£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ·¢Éú·Ö×ÓµÄÇ׺ËÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬½øÐл·ºÏ£º

ClCH2£ªONaOC2H5Cl-CH£ª-CH-CH22OC2H5OCH2OC2H5O£ª+ Cl

CH39£®ÒÔ2£¬2-¶þ¼×»ù»·ÑõÒÒÍéΪԭÁϺϳÉ1-¼×Ñõ»ù-2-¼×»ù-2-±û´¼¡£

CH3CH3O+ HOCH3OCH3CH3-C-CH2OCHOH3

10£®½«cis-2£¬3-¶þ¼×»ù»·ÑõÒÒÍé½øÐÐËáÐÔË®½â£¬¿ÉµÃµ½£¨2R£¬3R£©-2£¬3-¶þ¼×»ù¶¡´¼ºÍ£¨2S£¬3S£©-2£¬3-¶þ¼×»ù¶¡´¼£¬Ð´³ö·´Ó¦Ê½¡£

16