辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第I页
年产6万吨铜电解槽设计
摘要
本文主要设计了一座年产6万吨铜的铜电解精炼电解槽及电解工艺。根据已知条件，选定操作技术条件、经济技术指标、主体设备设计及冶金计算等内容。根据已知条件及结合铜电解槽工艺的实际条件，通过计算得出本设计共需要660个电解槽，38个阳极板，尺寸为1000×960mm2，37个阴极板，尺寸为1020×1000mm2，电解槽尺寸为4000×1120×1320mm2等主体电解槽数据。然后根据冶金计算得出铜电解槽的阳极泥成分、阴极铜的成分、物料平衡、有害杂质在电解液中的允许含量以及净化过程中杂质的脱除效率及热平衡等重要数据。绘制出铜电解精炼电解槽安装图。最后以“铜电解液净化方法的研究进展”专题展开论述。
关键词：铜电解精炼；工艺设计；物料平衡；热平衡
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第II页
Abstract
My thesis projects the copper electrolytic cell of sixty ton volume of production and is electrolysis process. I am according to the given conditions, Select operation technology conditions, technical and economic indexes, the main equipment design and metallurgical calculation, etc. I was according to the known condition and combined with the actual conditions of the copper cell technology. Through the calculation the design needs 660 cell、 38 anode plates、37 cathode boards. The size of anode plates is 1000×960mm2.The size of cathode board is 1020×1000mm2. The size of cell is 4000×1120×1320mm3.And then calculated based on metallurgical electrolytic cell copper anode slime composition, cathode copper the composition, the material balance, harmful impurities in electrolyte purification process and allows content of impurities in the removal efficiency and thermal equilibrium, and other important data. And it draws Installation drawing of the copper electrolytic cell . On the \Key words: Electrolytic refining of copper,；technological process design,；material balance； heat balance
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第I页
年产6万吨铜电解槽设计 ......................................... I Abstract ...................................................... II 1．绪论 ........................................................ 1
1.1铜的性质 ........................................................... 1
1.2 铜的用途 .......................................................... 1
1.2.1铜的导电性 ................................................... 1 1.2.2铜的导热性 ................................................... 1 1.2.3铜的耐蚀性 ................................................... 2 1.3 铜工业的现状 ...................................................... 2 1.4铜市场分析及展望 ................................................... 2 1.5铜的冶炼方法 ....................................................... 3 1.6铜的电解精炼 ....................................................... 3
1.6.1铜电解精炼概述 ............................................... 3 1.6.2铜电解精炼的目的 ............................................. 3 1.6.3铜电解精炼的化学反应 ......................................... 3 1.7电解铜的工艺流程 ................................................... 5 1.8本设计的内容及意义 ................................................. 6
1.8.1本设计的内容 ................................................. 6 1.8.2本设计的意义 ................................................. 7
2．技术条件及经济技术指标的选择 ................................ 7
2.1操作技术条件 ....................................................... 7 2.1.1电流密度 ..................................................... 7 2.1.2电解液成分 ................................................... 7 2.1.3电解液温度 ................................................... 8 2.1.4电解液循环 ................................................... 8 2.1.5添加剂 ....................................................... 9 2.1.6极距 ........................................................ 10 2.1.7阳极寿命和阴极周期 .......................................... 10 2.2铜电解精炼经济技术指标 ............................................ 10
2.2.1电流效率 .................................................... 10 2.2.2残极率 ...................................................... 11 2.2.3铜电解回收率 ................................................ 11 2.2.4槽电压 ...................................................... 11 2.2.5直流单耗 .................................................... 11 2.2.6蒸汽单位消耗 ................................................ 11 2.2.7硫酸单耗 .................................................... 12 2.2.8水单耗 ...................................................... 12
3.设备的主体设计 .............................................. 12
3.1电解槽材质 ........................................................ 12 3.2 电解槽总数 ....................................................... 12 3.3 阳极、阴极和种板和始极板与计算 ................................... 13
3.3.1阳极、阴极和种板的尺寸 ...................................... 13 3.3.2电解槽中阴极、阳极的片数 .................................... 13
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第II页
3.3.3 电解槽尺寸的确定 ............................................ 14 3.3.4种板槽数的确定 .............................................. 14 3.3.5脱铜槽数的确定 .............................................. 15 3.3.6槽边导电排、槽间导电板、阴极导棒 ............................ 15
4 冶金计算 .................................................... 16
4.1物料平衡计算 ...................................................... 16 4.2 净量液的计算 ..................................................... 19 4.3 槽电压组成计算 ................................................... 20 4.4电解槽热平衡计算 .................................................. 21
4.4.1 热支出 ...................................................... 21 4.4.2热收入 ...................................................... 23 4.4.3 全车间需补充的热量 .......................................... 23
5．专题 铜冶炼工艺研究进展 .................................... 24
5.1 概述 ............................................................. 24 5.2 闪速炉熔炼的特点 ................................................. 24
5.2.1 生产能力大 .................................................. 24 5.2.2 环境保护好 .................................................. 25 5.2.3 自热熔炼 .................................................... 25 5.2.4生产稳炉龄长 ................................................ 25 5.2.5闪速吹炼 .................................................... 25 5.2.6一步炼铜 .................................................... 26 5.3 Comop工艺 ....................................................... 26
5.3.1工艺特点 .................................................... 26 5.3.2 优点 ....................................................... 27 5.4 用碳酸钠作助熔剂的粗铜精炼新方法 ................................. 27
5.4.1 工业应用潜力 ................................................ 27 5.4.2 与传统火法精炼比较 .......................................... 27 5.4.3还需研究的问题 .............................................. 28 5.5 不锈钢阴极电解技术 ............................................... 29 5.6 因泰克炼铜工艺 ................................................... 29
5.6.1 工艺过程描述 ................................................ 30 5.6.2经济分析 .................................................... 30
致谢 .......................................................... 31 参考文献 ...................................................... 32