状语有：for，since引起的短语，so far，already，yet，just，today，now，recently，lately，this week，this month，this year，these days，during/in the last/past few years，It is the first time that从句中，疑问词how long引导的疑问句中，还有ever，never，before等。

Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past three years. 在过去的三年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。 He has studied English for four years. 他学英语已经四年了。 I have lived here since 1993.

自从一九九三年以来我一直住在这儿。 3．瞬间动词和延续性动词在完成时中的使用。

(1)表示能够延续的情况或动作的动词叫做延续性动词。如：live，study，learn，teach，work，be，have(有)，know，walk，sleep，wait等。这类动词在完成时中可与表示一段时间的状语或连词、疑问词连用。如for，since，how long等。

(2)瞬间动词也叫非延续性、终止性、结束性动词，表示动作的结果或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。如close，leave，buy，join，become，begin，fall(掉下)，come，go，see，hear等。这类动词可以用于完成时，但在一般情况下，不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词。

他已经离开一星期了。 误：He has left for a week. 正：He left a week ago.

正：He has been away for a week. 他离开多久了？ 误：How long has he left? 正：How long has he been away?

4．注意现在完成时在下列句型中的使用。

(1)当有一个表示“迄今为止”含义的短语作状语时，一定要用现在完成时。这类短语常见的有so far，up till now，up to now，up to the present，until now，as yet等。

So far I have read only 50 pages. 到目前为止我才读了50页。

(2)当表示“最近的过去”的词语作状语时，多用现在完成时。这类词语常见的有in the last/past few years/weeks/days，for the last/past few years/weeks/days，recently，lately，these few days等。

I've only recently begun to learn Chinese. 我只是最近才开始学中文的。

He hasn't had anything to eat for the last twelve hours.在过去的12个小时里他什么都没吃。 (3)当用all day，all this year，all one's life，this morning/afternoon/week...这类表示一段时

间的短语作状语，而且这段时间还没过去，仍包含现在时间在内时，要用现在完成时。

My father has repaired two bicycles this morning. 今天上午爸爸修了两辆自行车。(说话时仍是上午)

My parents have lived in that small town all their lives.我父母一生都住在那个小镇里。(说话时父母仍健在)

(4)下列句型的从句中要用现在完成时： It (This/That) is the first/second...time ( that)．.. It ( This/That) is the only/the first/the best (that)．.. It is the third time she has been to Beijing this year. 这是她今年第三次去北京了。

This is the best beer that I have ever drunk. 这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。

This is the only party that I've ever really enjoyed in my life.这是我一生中唯一的一次真正玩得开心的聚会。

It is the most interesting story I've heard about. 这是我听过的最有趣的故事。 四、一般将来时

一般将来时表示未来的动作或存在的状态，其表达形式有以下几种：

1．用shall或will＋动词原形。shall仅用于第一人称，即I，we作主语时。will用于所有人称(包括第一人称)，表示将来，动作可能发生在将来任何时刻。

If time permits，we shall/will visit the zoo. 如果时间允许的话，我们将参观动物园。 I shall be back in half an hour.我半小时后回来。 There will be a rock concert at the weekend. 周末将有一场摇滚音乐会。

2．be going to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算做某事。此结构也可用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。

I'm going to meet Mr.Smith at the airport at 8：30 tonight.今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。

3．某些瞬间动词可用现在时和进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作，如动词come，go，leave，arrive，start，stay，move等。

She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天将动身去上海。

How long are you staying in Beijing? 你在北京将待多长时间？

4．be (just) about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事。常译为“刚要??，就要??”。 There goes the bell.The film is about to begin. 铃响了，电影马上就要开始了。

I was about to go out when the phone bell rang. 我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。

(对应学生用书第11页)

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．(2012·北京高考)Our friendship quickly over the weeks that followed. A．had developed B．was developing C．would develop D．developed

【解析】 考查动词时态。描述在过去阶段发生的动作，强调状态，用一般过去式。 【答案】 D

2．(2012·北京高考)By the time you have finished this book，your meal cold. A．gets B．has got C．will get D．is getting

【解析】 考查动词时态。by the time 后接现在时，表示将来之前发生的动作，故用将来时。

【答案】 C

3．(2012·江西高考)—Look! Somebody the sofa. —Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned

【解析】 从后面的回答可以看出事情已经完成了，前面一句是着重谈对现在的影响，用现在完成时态。句意：—看，有人已经清理了沙发。—嗯，不是我，我没有做。

【答案】 C

4．(2012·江苏高考)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he .

A．has started B．starts

C．started D．will start

【解析】 考查动词时态——一般过去时。句意：这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。根据句意，总统开始上任是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故选C项。

【答案】 C

5．(2012·上海高考) Is honesty the best policy? We that it is when we are little. A．will teach B．teach C．are taught D．will be taught

【解析】 考查动词时态。讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时。句意：诚实是上上之策？我们从小就被这样教导过。

【答案】 C

6．(2012·浙江高考)Peter had intended to take a job in business，but that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.

A．had abandoned B．abandoned C．abandon D．will abandon

【解析】 考查动词时态—一般过去时。根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项(过去的过去)，由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述。

【答案】 B

Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．He always (sleep) with the window open.

2．When they (leave) school，they will go to the college. 3．He (come) to see you the day after tomorrow.

4．He failed in the exam; he knew he (fail) when we looked at the test paper. 5．His sister (leave) for Hong Kong tomorrow. 6．I (hope) you'll give us some suggestions. 7．—Where is your sister?

—She isn't in.She (go) shopping. 8．The room (paint) by Tom himself.

9．I will not believe you until I (see)it with my own eyes. 10．Ask Tom to come back.Dinner ( be) ready soon. 【答案】 1.sleeps 2.leave 3.will come 4.was going to fail/had failed 5.is leaving 6.am hoping/hope 7.has gone 8.is being painted/was painted 9.see/have seen 10.will be