Unit 1 Family life 家庭生活

Text 1 The roles of men and women

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy or girl learns to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important, and that has happened in some cases, we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.

It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism(母亲崇拜)”, but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit — nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprisefor which it is difficult to lay down rules, because family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rightsand equal responsibilities is pertinent(相关的) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

[A] credit [B] reverse [C] notions [D] analyze [E] exchange [F] cooperation [G] irrelevant [H] partnership [I] consequences [J]cooperative 男女角色

在一个男人和女人的角色没有明显区别的，许多家务或多或少由两人共同承担的家庭中，男性优越的观念就很难继续存在。这种共同分担工作和做出决定的模式有助于男女平等，而这种平等反过来又有利于更进一步地分担责任。在这样的家庭中成长的男孩或女孩比他们的双亲更容易接受这种平等，学习为踏入以协作而

不是“性别大战”为特征的社会做更充分的准备。

但如果发展太过，男人的角色变得不如以前重要，而在一些情况下也发生过这样的事，我们就会像过去一样处境维艰，仅仅是将情况反过来罢了。

是重新评价美国男人在家庭中的作用的时候了。对“母亲崇拜”我们已逐渐变得有点厌倦，但我们也不想代之以“新的父亲崇拜”。我们更需要的是要认识到养育孩子涉及到两个人的合作。有迹象表明，精神病学家、心理学家、社会工作者和家庭问题专家更加关注男人所扮演的角色，他们已觉得妇女不应该得到所有的赞誉——也不应该承受所有的责备。我们已不再说妇女的职责就是呆在家里。反之，我们开始分析男人在家里的职责，并坚持认为他在家里确实有职责。而他们的职责与孩子的健康发展有很大关系。

家庭是一个合作企业，因而很难为此制定规则，因为每个家庭需要用自己的方法来解决它自己的问题。

不管它披上什么样的外衣，过度的权力主义都会带来不愉快的结果，平等权利、平等责任的理想不仅与健全的民主政治有关，还与健康的家庭相关。 难 句 解 析

1. In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. 【分析】多重复合句。In a family...extent 为状语，其中含有两个 where 引导的定语从句修饰 family，主语 notions of male superiority 放在句末，这样做是为了避免头重脚轻，使文章更流畅。

2. In such a home, the growing boy or girl learns to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.

【分析】复合句。由两个并列关系的不定式共同作 learn 的宾语补足语，而这两

个不定式中各自都有一个由than构成的比较结构，前一个 than 引导倒装句，表示强调。其中 characterized by...sexes 是过去分词作后置定语，修饰 a world。 3. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit — nor all the blame.

【分析】多重复合句。在该句中前两个 that 引导的句子作 signs 的同位语，表示 signs 的内容，第三个 that 引导的从句作decide 的宾语。

下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇

notion* /9n5USFn/ @@ n. 概念，观念；意图，想法，(怪)念头 【联想】有情绪 (emotion) ，意图 (notion) 是想通过自己的提议 (motion) 【词根】not(知道) ＋ ion(名词后缀)→知道了→有一定概念→概念

【搭配】have no notion of time 没有时间观念；have a sudden notion to leave 突然想离开

【引申】〈同义〉idea n. 想法；概念｜belief n. 信念｜opinion n. 意见，看法｜thought n. 想法，见解｜view n. 看法，见解

【阅读例句】White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. 怀特认为，我们社会以孩子为中心的观点应该受到挑战。[08.12] 同义↓

perspective* /p59spektIv/ @@ n. 想法，视角；景观；透视画法 【联想】他很有悟性(perceptive)，观点(perspective)独到 【词根】per(贯穿) ＋ spect(看) ＋ ive →穿过…看→透视图

【搭配】view an issue from a historical perspective 用历史的观点看待问题；gain a perspective on the future 展望未来

【阅读例句】Clearly, from the school’s perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. 很明显，站在学校角度，远程教育能节省不少钱。[07.12] cooperation ▲ /k5U8((e7))p59reISn/ @@ n. 合作 【词根】cooperat(e)(合作) + ion(名词后缀)

【搭配】close cooperation between colleges 大学之间的紧密合作

【活用例句】Your participation will contribute a lot to our future cooperation. 你们的参与将会极大地促进我们今后的合作。

reverse* /rI9v((ae)):s/ @@ vt. 撤销；使位置颠倒 vi. 反向，倒转 n. 对立面；反面 a. 反向的，相反的

【联想】他创作了丰富多彩 (diverse) 与她相反的 (reverse) 诗歌(verse) 【词根】re(=back) ＋ vers(turn 转) ＋ e →向后转移→倒转

【搭配】in reverse 反过来；与…相反；reverse moral decline 扭转道德下降的局面；reverse a trend 彻底改变趋势

【活用例句】She used to work for me, but our situations are reversed now. 过去她为我工作，而现在我们的地位对调了。

exchange* /Iks9tSeIndZ/ @@ n. 交换，交易；汇兑，兑换率 #09 vt. 调换，互换；交流

【词根】ex ＋ change(变换)→完全变换→交换，互换

【搭配】a fair exchange公平的交易；the rate of exchange汇率；exchange ideas with colleagues 与同事们交换意见

【写作例句】Since China entered WTO, there has been a tremendous increase in foreign investments and cultural exchanges in the country.自从中国加入世贸组织以