戴氏精品堂菏泽校区 初三英语寒假班 8—15人班 Mr. Zhao
初三英语专题复习一 名词
一、分类 类别 普通名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 意义 表示个体的人或事物的词 表示一群人或一些事物的名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 表示行为、品质、感情或状态等抽象概念的词 典型例词 girl, pen, book, door, panda police, people, family , class water, rice , soup , wood, tea knowledge , love, danger 不可数名词 可数名词 专有名词 表示特定的人、地方、Tom,Beijing, 专门机构或团体等名University,New York, 称的词 The Comunist Party of China
二、名词复数
1、规则名词 情形 一般情况 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词 以f或fe结尾的名词
构成方法 加-s 加-es 变y 为i,再加es 变f或fe 为v,再加es 典型例词 bike—bikes, dog--dogs bus—buses, box—boxes watch—watches,wish--wishes city—cities, dictionary--dictionaries leaf—leaves, half—halves wife—wives, knife--knives 2、大部分不规则名词变复数的构成方法 情形 不 规 则 变 化
Stick to it, and you will succeed. 1
只要人有恒，万事都能成！ 赵老师成才热线：15853052792
构成方法 改变单数名词中 的元音字母 单复数形式相同 其他形式 典型例词 man—men, woman—women, foot—feet tooth---teeth, goose--geese sheep—sheep, fish—fish, deer—deer, Chinese—Chinese Japanese---Japanese child—children, mouse—mice 戴氏精品堂菏泽校区 初三英语寒假班 8—15人班 Mr. Zhao
3、不规则名词单数变复数的特殊情形
1）以o 为结尾的名词复数形式，加es 的有：Negro, hero , potato, tomato 2) 复合名词的复数形式
a. 一般在最后一个词的词尾加-s或-es。
如：schoolbag---schoolbags, tooth-brush---tooth-brushes, grown-up---grown-ups b. 在主体名词末加-s, 如：mother-in-law---mothers-in-law 3）某国人变复数
①a Chinese---Chinese; a Japanese---Japanese; an Englishman---Englishmen; a Frenchman---Frenchmen; ②a German---Germans; an American---Americans; an Australian---Australians ; an Indian---Indians 4) 特殊形式
a. 以s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：maths, politics, physics, news
b. 复数形式有时可表示特别意义的单词，如：woods 森林 goods 货物 waters 水域 fishes 各种鱼
三、不可数名词及其用法
1)不可数名词没有单复数之分，常用some/ any/much/a little/ little/ a lot of等来修饰。
e. g.: some bread much meat 2)如果表示具体的量，需借助量词。如：
a bottle of orange two bags of rice two kilos of meat a piece of bread
四、名词所有格的构成及其用法
1. ’s 所有格的用法
（1）表示有生命的人或动物的名词的所有格一般在词尾后加’s ：
Uncle Wang’s factory the teacher’s office
（2）以s 或es 为结尾的名词的所有格，只在词尾后加’ : boys’ shoes
（3）几个人共有的在最后一个名词后加’s ：This is Lucy and Lily’s room.
每个人各自所有的在每个名词后都要加’s ：These are Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms. （4）表示店铺、医院 或某人家的所有格时，后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。
at my uncle’s (home) at the Greens’ (home) at the barber’s (shop) at the tailor’s (shop)
（5）由不定代词构成的复合名词和else 连用时，其所有格要在else 后面加’s.
somebody else’s computer
2. of 所有格
无生命的：the floor of the classroom the title of the song
3. 双重所有格
双重所有格主语表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：
①of +名词所有格 a toy of the boys’；several toys of the child’s；a daughter of the old lady’s ②of+名词性物主代词 a mistake of mine；an invention of his
Stick to it, and you will succeed. 2
只要人有恒，万事都能成！ 赵老师成才热线：15853052792
戴氏精品堂菏泽校区 初三英语寒假班 8—15人班 Mr. Zhao
五、名词的语法作用：主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等。
(1) 作主语
Her father has been in the army for 30 years. (2) 作动词或介词宾语
I'm drawing a picture. (3) 作宾语补足语
We consider him a clever boy. We make the boy our monitor. (4) 作表语
The computer is a wonderful machine. (5) 作同位语
Mr. Zhao, our English teacher, is very knowledgeable. (6) 作状语
The telephone rang a second time. (7) 作定语
There is a stone bridge over there. There are ten men teachers in their school.
【课堂练习】
1. ---You look worried. What’s your_________? ---I have trouble learning English. A. name B. question C. problem D. job 2. The music made me think of the _______of a running stream.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound 3. I like_______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.
A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles 4. ---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do ? ----I’m afraid we have no_______ but to take a taxi.
A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information
5. ______the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers. A. A number of, women B. A number of, woman C. The number of, women D. The number of, woman
6. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _______ spring holiday each year. A. ten-day B. ten day C. the day’s D. ten-days 7. ---I hear you have to get up early every morning. ---Right. It’s one of the _______ in my family.
Stick to it, and you will succeed. 3
只要人有恒，万事都能成！ 赵老师成才热线：15853052792
戴氏精品堂菏泽校区 初三英语寒假班 8—15人班 Mr. Zhao
A. plans B. orders C. rules D. suggestions 8. ---What’s your _______, Rick? ---I like collecting coins.
A. age B. name C. job D. hobby 9. John always says that he likes apples of all the ________. A. vegetables B. fruits C. drink
10. ---Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! ---Mind your own______, Sue! A. action B. duty C. business D. way 11. Paper making is ______of ancient China.
A. one of greatest inventor B. one of the greatest inventions C. one of greatest invention D. one of the greatest invention
12. Mike and his friend are going to the _______to see the new action movie tonight. A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema
13. ---Good morning, madam. Can I help you? ---Sure, I’d like _____for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of coffee B. three pieces of bread C. one bowl of dumplings D. five kilos of oil 14. Mrs. Bond is an old friend of ____.
A. Jack mother B. Jack mother’s C. Jack’s mother D. Jack’s mother’s 15. As there were not enough chairs in the park, they had to sit on the ________. A. ground B. earth C. land D. field 16. I really want to have a _______. I feel so tired after such a long walk. A. talk B. rest C. swim D. look 17. ---What’s your favorite sport, Mike? ---_______. It’s interesting.
A. Math B. T-shirt C. E-mail D. Football 18. ---You didn’t send me an e-mail last night, did you? ---Sorry. My ______broke down. I couldn’t get online.
A. computer B. car C. clock D. camera
19. Our teacher has given us some good ______English learning. It’s very useful. A. advice to B. advices to C. advice on D. advices on 20. Studying in a foreign country is a different ______and you can learn a lot. A. event B. exercise C. experience D. exhibition 21. At the end of the volleyball match, our school ______ won by 3:1. A. members B. group C. team D. fans 22. Can you imagine what life will be like in ________time?
A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years 23.--- Bill is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him?
---Poor boy. His illness is the _______of eating unhealthy food.
A. result B. cause C. reason D. end 24. ---Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? ----No, it’s about _____.
A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minues’ walk D. 7 minute’s walk 25. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some ______if you like.
A. fish and chicken B. fishes and chicken C. fish and chickens D. fishes and chickens
Stick to it, and you will succeed. 4
只要人有恒，万事都能成！ 赵老师成才热线：15853052792