兰州交通大学 毕 业 论 文

题目：空气弹簧力学特性及非线性分析

作

者：

李朋春 学 号： 200704026

学院(系)： 专

业：

机电工程学院 车辆工程

指导教师：

评阅人：

兰州交通大学毕业设计（论文）

摘要

提高列车运行速度是铁路运输发展中始终追求的目标。随着列车速度的不断提高，对车辆运行品质提出了更高的要求。转向架动力学性能是确保车辆具有良好运行品质的关键，其主要取决于其悬挂装置的特性及参数匹配。空气弹簧具有自振频率低、刚度可调、阻尼可控、降噪吸振能力好、使用寿命长等优点，逐渐代替钢圆簧作为二系悬挂系统的关键部件，近年来在轨道车辆上得到了广泛应用。

本论文提出了带有附加气室的空气弹簧的力学模型,建立了空气弹簧在悬架中的数学模型.分析了空气弹簧的刚度特性,对其求解进行了简化,利用多尺度法对空气弹簧在正弦激励下的主共振响应进行了计算,得到了幅频响应关系。对其进行了仿真研究，得到幅频曲线的骨架曲线主要由非线性刚度二次系数和激励幅值决定，而幅频曲线形状主要由非线性刚度一次系数、激励幅值、阻尼系数和簧上质量决定。

关键词：空气弹簧，悬架; 多尺度法; 主共振

兰州交通大学毕业设计（论文）

Abstract

Raising the train riding speed is the target that has been Pursue in the vehicle development always. Improving quality of vehicle in motion is more important with bigger velocity. The dynamics Performance of bogie is the key to improve quality of vehicle in motion. The air spring has a low self-vibration frequency， an adjusted stiffness， a controlled damping， a good ability to reduce vibration and noise and along service life. The air spring is the key component of the second suspension system widely on the rail bound vehicle.

In this paper, the dynamical model of air spring with auxiliary chamber is studied, and the mathematical model of air spring in car suspension is established. It also presents the analyses of its stiffness performance, solution simplification. The main resonance calculation of the sinusoidal excitation of air spring system by multi scale method. T he amplitude frequency relationship is gained. Analyses the simulation research, get the amplitude frequency curve skeleton curves mainly by nonlinear stiffness quadratic coefficient and incentive amplitude decisions, amplitude frequency curve shape mainly by nonlinear stiffness a coefficient, incentive amplitude, damping coefficient and reed quality decided on.

Key Words: air spring;suspension; Multiscale method; the main resonance

兰州交通大学本科毕业设计（论文）

目录

1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1本研究的范围和意义 ................................................................................................ 1 1.2空气弹簧的现状及其发展 ........................................................................................ 2 1.3国内空气弹簧研究及应用现状 ................................................................................ 3 1.4非线性动力学内容方法和意义 ................................................................................ 3 1.5本文的研究内容 ........................................................................................................ 5 2 空气弹簧悬架的简介和动力学的建立与分析 ............................................................ 7 2.1空气弹簧悬架的简介 ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1空气弹簧的主要特点 ....................................................................................... 7 2.1.2空气弹簧对整车性能的影响 ........................................................................... 7 2.1.3空气弹簧的结构型式 ....................................................................................... 8 2.2建立空气弹簧悬架的动力学模型 .......................................................................... 10 2.4空气弹簧悬架进行静态、动态分析 ...................................................................... 12 2.5对空气弹簧阻力系数进行计算确定 ...................................................................... 13 2.6本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 14 3 单自由度空气弹簧悬架的动力学特性 .................................................................... 15 3.1 单自由度空气弹簧的稳定性 ............................................................................... 15 3.2 空气弹簧中参数对稳定性的影响 ....................................................................... 16

3.3 在单频激励情况下空气弹簧悬架车辆系统的解析解........................................ 17

3.3.1 车辆系统力学模型和振动方程 .................................................................... 17 3.3.2 车辆系统主共振的解析解与分岔情况 ........................................................ 18 3.3.3系统主共振的仿真情况分析 ......................................................................... 26 3.3.4系统非共振情况的解析解 ............................................................................. 27 3.3.5系统超谐共振情况分析 ................................................................................. 29 3.3.6系统亚谐共振情况分析 ................................................................................. 36 3.4本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 43 结论 .................................................................................................................................. 44 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................ 45