三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编及答案解析

专题01 冠词、名词 一、2019年高考真题

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority 【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement C. impression 【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。 3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the

1 / 7

B. potential C. proportion D. pension

B. impact D. judgment

【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。

4【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.

【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me

?abut almost hit me. and【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。

5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. … 【答案】

Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）

jobI would like to jobscoolly. cooldo. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）Then, when I was in the （3）

five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because fifthI liked my English teacher （4）

too much. very/so【解析】（1） 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。

2 / 7

（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。

（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。

（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。

6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. 【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。

二、2018年高考真题

1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C.

3 / 7

possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。

【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。 2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D

【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。

3. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). 【答案】causes

【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。

4. 【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to

4 / 7