有机化学C 习题参考答案 学生 1 下载本文

基的一条键带一对电子移到碳正离子上,生成六员环(1,2-迁移,碳正离子是1-位,2-位基团迁到1-位上)。

HClCl

B

(4)用浓硫酸洗涤,烯烃溶于浓硫酸中而烷烃不溶,进行分液分离,上层既为不含烯烃的裂化汽油。

6.(1)

CH3CHCH3OH(2)

浓H2SO4CH3CH=CH2OsO4H2O2

HBrROOROHOHCH3CH2CH2Br

(3)

C2H5OHClKOH(4) (5)

CH2OHBr

浓H2SO4CH2+Br2KMnO4HBrOHH

O+CO2

C2H5OHKOHH2O(6)

CH3OHCH3H+CH3(1)O3CH3(2)Zn/H2O(7)

OOCH3C(CH2)3CCH3

CH3CHCH3Br(8)

C2H5OHNaOHCH3CH=CH2B2H6H2O2OHCH3CH3CH2CH2OH

C3CH(CH3)2(CH3)2CHCH3CH3CH37. (1) CH3CH2C=CCH2CH3 (2)(3) 环辛烷

2H2Ni,Br2(CH3)2CHCCHCCCH3CH(CH3)2

(1)O3(2)ZnH+BrC2H5OHKOH2CH2CHOCH2CHO

(1)O3H2O(4)环戊烷

hv(2)ZnOHC(CH3)3CHO

(5)

5

(6)(A)(B) ;

(C) ;(D) ;(E)

炔烃与二烯烃 1.

2. (1) 2,2,6,6-四甲基-3-庚炔 (2)4-甲基-2-庚烯-5-炔 (3)1-己烯-3,5-二炔(4)5-异丙基-5-壬烯-1-炔 (5) (E),(Z)-3-叔丁基-2,4-己二烯

3. (1)CH2=CHCH2C≡CH 1-戊炔-4-炔

(2)CH3CH=CH-C≡CH 3-戊烯-1-炔

(3) (CH3)3CC≡CC(CH3)3 2,2,5,5-四甲基-3-已炔

(4)2,5-二甲基-3-庚炔

4. (1)

(4)顺式(Z) 反式(E)

5. (1)ΔHФ= EC≡C+EBr-Br+2EC-H–(2EC-Br+EC=C +2EC-H)=EC≡C +EBr-Br–2EC-Br–EC=C = 835.1+188.3–2×284.5-610

=-155.6KJ/mol

(2)同理: ΔHФ=EC≡C–EC=C=835.1-610-345.6=-120.5KJ/mol

(3)+EH-Br-EC=C-EC-Br-EC-H =835.1+368.2-610-284.5-415.3=-106.5 KJ/mol

6. 1,4-戊二烯氢化热预测值: 2×125.5= 251 KJ/mol,而1,3-戊二烯氢化热的实测值为226 KJ/mol

∴E离域能= 251-226=25 KJ/mol

7.

ΔHФ> 0,说明乙醛变为乙烯醇需吸热,即乙

6

醛比乙烯醇稳定。

8. (1) (2) (3)

(4) (5)

(6)

(7) (8) (9)

9. (1)

(2)

10. 设10 g戊烷中所含烯的量为x g ,则:

∴混合物中合成烯 0.35/1×100% = 35%

11. ∴该炔烃为:

12.(1)

(2)二溴加成物再加成1分子Br2的产物为:

7

13.

14. (1) (2)

(3)

(4-5)

(6)

(7) 反-2-丁烯

(8)

15. (1) (2)

(3)

(4)

16.(1)

(2)

8