基的一条键带一对电子移到碳正离子上,生成六员环(1,2-迁移,碳正离子是1-位,2-位基团迁到1-位上)。
HClCl
B
(4)用浓硫酸洗涤,烯烃溶于浓硫酸中而烷烃不溶,进行分液分离,上层既为不含烯烃的裂化汽油。
6.(1)
CH3CHCH3OH(2)
浓H2SO4CH3CH=CH2OsO4H2O2
HBrROOROHOHCH3CH2CH2Br
(3)
C2H5OHClKOH(4) (5)
CH2OHBr
浓H2SO4CH2+Br2KMnO4HBrOHH
O+CO2
C2H5OHKOHH2O(6)
CH3OHCH3H+CH3(1)O3CH3(2)Zn/H2O(7)
OOCH3C(CH2)3CCH3
CH3CHCH3Br(8)
C2H5OHNaOHCH3CH=CH2B2H6H2O2OHCH3CH3CH2CH2OH
C3CH(CH3)2(CH3)2CHCH3CH3CH37. (1) CH3CH2C=CCH2CH3 (2)(3) 环辛烷
2H2Ni,Br2(CH3)2CHCCHCCCH3CH(CH3)2
(1)O3(2)ZnH+BrC2H5OHKOH2CH2CHOCH2CHO
(1)O3H2O(4)环戊烷
hv(2)ZnOHC(CH3)3CHO
(5)
5
(6)(A)(B) ;
;
(C) ;(D) ;(E)
炔烃与二烯烃 1.
2. (1) 2,2,6,6-四甲基-3-庚炔 (2)4-甲基-2-庚烯-5-炔 (3)1-己烯-3,5-二炔(4)5-异丙基-5-壬烯-1-炔 (5) (E),(Z)-3-叔丁基-2,4-己二烯
3. (1)CH2=CHCH2C≡CH 1-戊炔-4-炔
(2)CH3CH=CH-C≡CH 3-戊烯-1-炔
(3) (CH3)3CC≡CC(CH3)3 2,2,5,5-四甲基-3-已炔
(4)2,5-二甲基-3-庚炔
4. (1)
(4)顺式(Z) 反式(E)
5. (1)ΔHФ= EC≡C+EBr-Br+2EC-H–(2EC-Br+EC=C +2EC-H)=EC≡C +EBr-Br–2EC-Br–EC=C = 835.1+188.3–2×284.5-610
=-155.6KJ/mol
(2)同理: ΔHФ=EC≡C–EC=C=835.1-610-345.6=-120.5KJ/mol
(3)+EH-Br-EC=C-EC-Br-EC-H =835.1+368.2-610-284.5-415.3=-106.5 KJ/mol
6. 1,4-戊二烯氢化热预测值: 2×125.5= 251 KJ/mol,而1,3-戊二烯氢化热的实测值为226 KJ/mol
∴E离域能= 251-226=25 KJ/mol
7.
ΔHФ> 0,说明乙醛变为乙烯醇需吸热,即乙
6
醛比乙烯醇稳定。
8. (1) (2) (3)
(4) (5)
(6)
(7) (8) (9)
9. (1)
(2)
10. 设10 g戊烷中所含烯的量为x g ,则:
∴混合物中合成烯 0.35/1×100% = 35%
11. ∴该炔烃为:
12.(1)
(2)二溴加成物再加成1分子Br2的产物为:
7
13.
14. (1) (2)
(3)
(4-5)
(6)
(7) 反-2-丁烯
(8)
15. (1) (2)
(3)
(4)
16.(1)
(2)
8