摘 要

摘 要

AutoCAD2006是当今最流行的设计软件，现代的很多工程设计院都使用CAD为各自项目做设计，因为它有许多传统的平面二维设计所无法比拟的优越性。平面二维CAD技术虽然能够提高作图效率但还是像传统的手工绘图那样用投影图来描述物体。而三维技术则利用计算机提供的一个模拟的三维空间使工程师们可以直接在这个三维空间里建造物体的模型，表达自己的设计意图，因此对几何形体的描述比传统的二维技术更真实、更准确、更全面。

主要以三维设计技术为论述核心，借鉴三维设计在工厂设计领域中应用的技术特点和经验成果，开发探索在《锅炉原理》教学专业课上的辅助教学功能。三维设计技术在工厂设计领域已经普及应用，然而长期以来，《锅炉原理》专业课教学上，缺少直观逼真的大型锅炉三维教学模型，学生对于锅炉的原理理解比较抽象，难以直观领会和快速掌握教学内容。本课题的完成，将能够为《锅炉原理》教学提供详实的锅炉结构设备三维模型，在教学过程中为学生提供直观的大型锅炉结构设备的模拟组装过程，了解锅炉的结构与其各个设备的详细结构，使学生迅速而扎实地掌握锅炉原理的基础知识，加强对锅炉原理的理性和感性认识。

针对300MW直流锅炉的本体结构，以及本体设备。其中包括：炉膛、水冷壁、燃烧器、过热器、再热器、省煤器和空气预热器等锅炉主要结构设备组成部分。以及整体锅炉框架等加深印象,对以后工作、学习都有着非常直观、深入的了解。

关键词：三维设计；AutoCAD ；锅炉设备

I

东北电力大学本科毕业论文

Abstract

At present ,auto CAD2006 is one of the most popular design softwares .Many contemporary engineeering design institues design their own projects with CAD.Because it has more incomparable superiority than the traditional two-dimensional design .Although two-dimensional CAD technology may improve the mapping efficiency ,but it describes the object with projection just as the traditional manual mapping .While three-dismensional technology utilizes a mock three-dimensional space provided by compture .The engineers may directly construct the model and express their design intention in this space .Therefore ,the description of geometric shape is more accurate and over-all than the traditional two –dimensional technique .Boiler 3Dmodel design just utilizes the superiority of the design to help the people to understand acculatly the structure and dispositions of 300wm boiler ,which can deepen the impression to the main equipments ,such as superheater,reheater ,economizer ,air preheater and whole boiler framework .Go a step further to learn about directly and deeply latter work and study .

This topic mainly take 3D(three-dimensional) design technology as the dissertation core, using the application technical characteristic and the experience achievement of three-dimensional design in the plant design domain for reference, in order to develop and search after the auxiliary teaching function in the principle of boiler teaching professional course. The application of 3D design technology already popularized in the plant design domain, however since long ago, there is not the direct-viewing and lifelike three-dimensional teaching model in the principle of boiler teaching professional course.The students quite have to abstract understanding regarding the principle of boiler.It is difficultly to direct-viewing comprehend and fast grasp the course content for them. This production of this topic, will be able to

provide the full and accurate 3D model of boiler structure and equipment for the principle of boiler teaching, will provide the direct-viewing the simulation assembly process of boiler structure and equipment for the students in the teaching

II

摘 要

process,understanding the whole structure of boiler and each detailed structure of the equipment, grasping rapidly and solidly the the elementary knowledge of the principle of boiler, and strengthening geist and logos to the the principle of boiler. This topic main research and design content is the main body structure of 600MW boiler, as well as the main body equipment. Includes: steam separator, watercooling wall, burner, superheater, reheater, economizer and airpre-heater and so on.

Keywords : three-dimensional design ；auto CAD ；boiler equipment

III

东北电力大学本科毕业论文

目 录

摘 要 ......................................................................................................................... I Abstract ....................................................................................................................... II 目 录 ........................................................................................................................... IV 第一章 绪 论 ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1 CAD简介及其意义 .............................................................................................. 1

1.1.1 CAD的发展............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 三维设计的优点 ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 AutoCAD的特点 ........................................................................................ 2 1.2 AutoCAD的三维功能简介.................................................................................... 4 1.3 Auto CAD 三维设计对于计算机硬件的要求 ......................................................... 5 1.4 配置适于三维设计的工作环境............................................................................. 6

第二章 Auto CAD2006的使用 .................................................................................. 8

2.1 CAD系统的简单操作 .......................................................................................... 8 2.2 等轴测图的绘制................................................................................................ 10

2.2.1 等轴测图基础.......................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 设置等轴测绘图环境 ............................................................................... 11 2.2.3等轴测下图形的绘制 ................................................................................ 11 2.3AutoCAD2006的三维空间 .................................................................................. 12

2.3.1三维空间基础 .......................................................................................... 12 2.3.2笛卡尔坐标系 .......................................................................................... 12 2.3.3直角坐标、圆坐标和球坐标 ..................................................................... 13 2.4三维模型的建立................................................................................................. 14

2.4.1三维建模概述 .......................................................................................... 14

2.4.2圆（circle命令） ..................................................................................... 14 2.4.3维实体拉伸（Extrude命令） .................................................................... 15 2.4.4差集（Subtract命令） .............................................................................. 18

第三章 锅炉3D模型设计 ........................................................................................ 20

3.1 省煤器.............................................................................................................. 20

3.1.1省煤器的作用 .......................................................................................... 20 3.1.2省煤器结构 .............................................................................................. 20 3.1.3省煤器的布置 .......................................................................................... 20 3.2直流式煤粉燃烧器 ............................................................................................. 22

3.2.1煤粉燃烧器的作用 ................................................................................... 22 3.2.2四角布置直流燃烧器的工作原理 .............................................................. 22

IV