第一单元

Text A、Winston Churchill—His Other Life

My father, Winston Churchill, began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous

circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he had been deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war. But when the

mission failed, with great loss of life, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately: He was removed from the Admiralty and lost his position of political influence.我的父亲温斯顿?丘吉尔是在 40 几岁开始迷恋上绘画的，当时他正 身处逆境。1915 年，作为海军大臣，他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一 场战役。原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世界大战的，但它却失败 了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价：他被免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位。

Overwhelmed by the disaster — \— he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey. There, as Churchill later recalled, \“我本以为他会因忧伤而死的。 ”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不 幸压垮的他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处---耘锄农场。在那儿，正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的， “绘画女神拯救了我!”

One day when he was wandering in the garden, he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolours. He watched her for a few minutes, then borrowed her brush and tried his hand — and the muse worked her magic. From that day forward, Winston was in love with painting.一天他正在花园里漫步，正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。他观 看了她几分钟，然后借过她的画笔，试了一下身手----于是缪斯女神施展 了她的魔法。自那天以后，温斯顿便爱上了绘画。

Delighted with anything that distracted Winston from the dark thoughts that overwhelmed him, Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints and materials she could find. Watercolours, oil paints, paper, canvas — Hoe Farm was soon filled with everything a painter could want or need.任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰因高兴。 于是，她赶紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。水彩颜料、油画颜 料、纸张、帆布画布---很快耘锄农场里便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或需要的各样东西。

Painting in oils turned out to be Winston's great love — but the first steps were strangely difficult. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness. He later recalled:画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好---但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。 他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回忆道：

\big as a bean on the snow-white field. At that moment I heard the sound of a motorcar in the drive and threw down my brush in a panic. I was even more alarmed when I saw who stepped from the car: the wife of Sir John Lavery, the celebrated painter who lived nearby.“我迟 疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕 豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是 一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学 惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊慌失措。 来者正是住在附近的著名画家约翰?莱佛利爵士的妻子。

\— the big one.' She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. Anyone could see it could not hit back. I hesitated no more. I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. I have never felt any fear of a canvas since.\‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。 ‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢? 把画 笔给我---大的那支。 ’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经 挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布 无法回击。我不

再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜 的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。 ”

Lavery, who later tutored Churchill in his art, said of his unusual pupil's artistic abilities: \chosen painting instead of politics, he would have been a great master with the brush.\后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺 术才能： “如果他当初选择的是绘画而不是政治，他定会成为一位驾驭画 笔的大师。 ”

In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of his life. Painting would be his comfort when, in 1921, the death of his mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved three-year-old daughter, Marigold.

Overcome by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland — and in his painting. He wrote to Clementine: \and golden hills in the background. Many loving thoughts.... Alas, I keep feeling the hurt of

Marigold.\在绘画中，丘吉尔发现了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。1921 年， 他的母亲去世，两个月后，他又失去了他和克莱门泰因的 3 岁爱女玛丽 戈尔德。那时，绘画是他的慰藉。悲痛欲绝的温斯顿住到了苏格兰朋友 们的家中---并在他的绘画中寻得安慰。他写信给克莱门泰因： “我外出画 了一条在午后阳光下的美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜 的思绪油然而生??啊，我一直感受到失去玛丽戈尔德的痛楚。 ”

Life and love and hope slowly revived. In September 1922 another child was born to Clementine and Winston: myself. In the same year, Winston bought Chartwell, the beloved home he was to paint in all its different aspects for the next 40 years.生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。1922 年 9 月，克莱门泰因和温斯顿 的另一个孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，温斯顿买下了查特威尔，这是 他将在以后 40 年里画出其所有不同风貌的他所钟爱的家。

My father must have felt a glow of satisfaction when in the mid-1920s he won first prize in a prestigious amateur art exhibition held in London. Entries were anonymous, and some of the judges insisted that Winston's picture — one of his first of Chartwell — was the work of a

professional, not an amateur, and should be disqualified. But in the end, they agreed to rely on the artist's honesty and were delighted when they learned that the picture had been painted by

Churchill.20 世纪 20 年代中期， 我父亲在伦敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展 中赢得了一等奖，当时他一定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名，所以一些评 委坚持认为温斯顿的画---有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅---是一位 专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品，所以应该取消其参赛资格。但最 后，他们同意信赖那位艺术家的诚实，而在得知那幅画为丘吉尔所作时 他们都很高兴。

Historians have called the decade after 1929, when Winston again fell from office, his barren

years. Politically barren they may have been, as his lonely voice struggled to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler, but artistically those years bore abundant fruit: of the 500-odd Churchill

canvases in existence, roughly half date from 1930 to 1939.史学家们一直把 1929 年温斯顿再次被免职后的 10 年称为他无所作 为的十年。也许政治上那些年（他）的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声 一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学 疾呼，想要唤醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁，然而响应者寥寥无几。 但在艺术上，那些年却硕果累累：现存的 500 多幅丘吉尔的油画中，约 有一半作于 1930 年至 1939 年之间。

Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life. \in his book Painting as a Pastime, \will keep them company to the end of the day.\绘画始终是丘吉尔的一种乐趣，直到他生命的结束。 “画家是幸福 的， ”他在他的《作为一种消遣的绘画》一书中写道， “因为他们不会孤 独。光线与色彩，宁静与希望，将终日伴随着他们。”对我的父亲来说,也是这样。 Text B、Little Sister of the Poor

By Kenneth L. Woodward

1.With a will of iron and a heart of love, Mother Teresa served the dying and desperate in India and around the world.凭着钢铁般的意志和一颗爱心，德肋撒嬷嬷为印度和全世界垂死和绝望的人们鞠躬尽瘁。

2.When she died last week in Calcutta — just days after her 87th birthday — she was known the world over as Mother Teresa. Thin and bent, she had been hospitalized with numerous illnesses over the last two years. That night, after finishing dinner and her prayers, Mother Teresa

complained of a pain in her back. “I cannot breathe,” she told a doctor summoned to her side. Moments later, she died. Shortly after, her nuns tolled a huge metal bell and some 4,000 people gathered in the rain outside — among them many of the street people she had served for so long. Inside, Mother Teresa's body was washed, dressed and laid on a bed of ice. One by one the nuns filed past, touching her bare feet in a traditional Indian gesture of respect.当她上周在加尔各答去世时---刚刚过了87岁生日没有几天---她被全世界的人们称为德肋撒嬷嬷。在过去两年里，瘦削而背驼的她因多种疾病而一直住在医院里。那天晚上，吃过晚饭，作完祈祷之后，她诉说她的背痛。“我无法呼吸。”她告诉被叫到她身边来的一位医生。过了不一会儿，她就去世了。之后不久，她的修女们敲响了一只巨大的金属钟，外面，约有4,000人聚集在雨中---其中有许多她曾长期救助过的街头流浪者。病房内，德肋撒嬷嬷的遗体被洗净，穿好衣服，被安置在一张冰床上。修女们排着队一个接一个地走过去触摸她赤裸的脚，这是印度一种传统的表示敬意的动作。

3.Widely regarded as a living saint, Mother Teresa was perhaps the most admired woman in the world. When she appeared at the side of John Paul II, it was the pope who stood in the tiny nun's shadow. Although she was a Roman Catholic, her simplicity and true concern for the dying, the abandoned and the outcast transcended the boundaries of religion and nationality. “By blood and origin I am Albanian,” she once said of herself. “My citizenship is Indian. I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world.”被众人尊为活圣人的德肋撒嬷嬷也许是世界上最受人崇敬的女性。当她出现在约翰?保罗二世的身边时，是教皇站在了这位瘦小的修女的阴影之中。虽然她是一名罗马天主教徒，但她的简朴和对垂死者、被遗弃者、流浪者的真切关怀却超越了宗教和国籍的界限。“从血统和原籍讲，我是阿尔巴尼亚人，”她曾这样谈到自己，“我的公民身份是印度人。我是一名天主教修女。就我的神职而言，我属于全世界。” 4.When Sister Teresa first came to India, she taught slum children in Calcutta whose parents were too poor to send them to school. The children called her Mother Teresa, and that is who she

became. One day, as she later recalled, she found a woman “half eaten by rats” lying in the street. She sat with her, stroking her head, until the woman died. With that experience a new vocation — and a new religious order — was born. She decided that her goal would be to minister to the

“unwanted, unloved and uncared for” who filled the streets and slums of her adopted city. And to that end, she gathered a small group of nuns around her.当德肋撒修女第一次来到印度时，她教加尔各答贫民窟里的孩子们读书，那些孩子的父母因为太穷而无法送他们上学。孩子们叫她德肋撒嬷嬷，而她也的确成了妈妈。一天，她日后回忆道，她发现有一个“几乎被老鼠吃掉的”女人躺在街上。她坐到她身边，轻抚着她的头，直到那女人死去。随着这番经历，一个新的使命---也是一个新的宗教团体---诞生了。她认定她的目标将是照料那些在她所移居的城市街头与贫民窟中比比皆是的“没人要、没人爱也没人照顾的”人们。为了这个目标，她在自己周围聚集了一小批修女。

5.Mother Teresa's first clinic was in an old hostel that had once served pilgrims to the temple of Kali, the Hindu goddess of death. She and her nuns converted it into a shelter where the desperate people they found abandoned on the streets of Calcutta could die in peace. 德肋撒嬷嬷的第一家看护所开在一家曾为前来朝圣印度教的死亡女神卡莉神殿的人们提供食宿的旧招待所里。她和她的修女们将它改建成一个收容所。在那儿，那些被他们发现遗弃在加尔各答街头的身处绝境的人们得以平静地死去。

6.The clinic's neighbors objected to the moans and smells, and they complained to the civil

authorities. But when a police commissioner arrived to close down the clinic, he was so stunned by the horror and misery that he said he would stop Mother Teresa only when the neighbors persuaded their wives and sisters to take over the work the nuns had started. None came forward.看护所的邻居们很讨厌那些呻吟声和臭味，他们向政府当局提出了抗议。但是，当一名警察局长赶来关闭看护所时，那恐怖凄惨的景象使他深感震惊，他说只有当邻居们说服他们的妻子和姐妹来接管修女们发起的工作时，他才会阻止德肋撒嬷嬷。没有人站出来。 7.Building shelters for the dying was Mother Teresa's signature service. Poverty was her chosen way of life. When Pope Paul VI gave her an expensive car that he had used during a visit to Calcutta in 1964, she sold it — without ever stepping inside — and used the money to build a clinic in West Bengal.为临终的人们建立收容所是德肋撒嬷嬷的标志性贡献。 贫穷是她选择的生活方式。 当教皇保罗六世把他在1964年访问加尔各答期间用过的一辆昂贵的汽车送给她时， 她未曾跨入车内就把它卖了， 用这笔钱在西孟加拉邦建立了一个看护所。 8.Today, Mother Teresa's order numbers more than 4,500 nuns, with 550 centers in 126 countries. Their range of concerns has also expanded to include AIDS patients, drug addicts and victims of domestic violence. Led by Mother Teresa, the sisters have fed the hungry in Ethiopia, treated radiation victims at Chernobyl and helped families made homeless by an earthquake in America. 今天，德肋撒嬷嬷的修道会已有4 500多名修女和遍布126个国家的550个中心。他们所关注的范围也已经扩展到收容爱滋病患者、吸毒成瘾者和家庭暴力的受害者。在德肋撒嬷嬷的领导下，修女们曾为埃塞俄比亚的饥民提供食品，为切尔诺贝利的辐射受害者治病，并向美国一次地震后无家可归的家庭提供援助。

9.None of this was achieved through prayer alone. Mother Teresa possessed iron resolve and her tireless efforts to gain support for her clinics proved nearly irresistible. Church authorities and civil authorities gave way to her arguments; chiefs of state who wanted to be identified with her work paid her visits and even begged her to establish clinics in their countries. She accepted

celebrity as the price of expanding her missionary outreach. 这中间， 没有一件事是仅仅通过祈祷完成的。德肋撒嬷嬷有着铁一般坚强的决心， 她为赢得人们对其看护所的支持所作的不懈努力几乎令人无法抗拒。教会当局和政府当局屈服于她的论辩； 想要参与其工作的国家元首们拜访她甚至恳请她在他们的国家设立看护所。她接受名望只是以此为代价来扩大其神职活动的范围。

10.As her fame grew, so did her honors. Among the most significant were the Bharat Ratna, or Jewel of India — that country's highest civilian award — and the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. At her request, the Nobel committee skipped the usual lavish dinner for the prizewinner, and gave the money to the poor. 随着她的声名远扬，她的荣誉也与日俱增。其中最重要的是“莲花主”勋章或称“印度的宝石”奖---该国最高的平民奖---以及1979年的诺贝尔和平奖。应她的要求，诺贝尔委员会取消了通常为获奖者举行的盛大宴会，把钱捐给了穷人们。

11.But Mother Teresa also had her critics. Advocates of women's rights protested her steady fight against both abortion and birth control. There were medical authorities who said her work let governments ignore their responsibilities toward the poorest members of society. Even the Catholic Church was sometimes uneasy about her independent ways. But to the millions of

Indians who called her Mother, and to the millions more who deeply admired her countless acts of mercy, Mother Teresa lit a path to saintliness and invited others to follow it. 但是也有人批评德肋撒嬷嬷。 妇女权利的倡导者们对于她坚决反对堕胎和节育提出了抗议。有些医学权威说她的工作使一些国家的政府忽视了它们对社会最贫穷成员应尽的责任。连天主教会有时也对她独立的行事方式感到不安。但是对于千百万称她为妈妈的印度人来说， 对于千百万深深崇敬她的无数善行的人们来说，德肋撒嬷嬷点亮了一条通往圣洁的道路，并邀请他人跟随。

第二单元 Text A、Why They Excel