第二章 烷烃作业参考答案
1、 共有九种:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3CH2CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3CH3CH3CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CCH3
2、(1)3-甲基戊烷 (2)2,5-二甲基-3,4-二乙基己烷
(3)2,2,3,4-四甲基戊烷 (4)2-甲基-5-乙基庚烷 (5)2-甲基-3-环丁基丁烷
(6)顺-1-甲基-3-乙基环戊烷(7)反-1-甲基-4-乙基环己烷 (8)1-甲基-4-乙基-3-叔丁基环己烷 3、(1) (2)
CH3CH3-C-CH2CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3
CH2CH3CH3HC(CH3)3CH-CH3CH3
(3) (4)
4、(1) (2)
CH3CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH3HCH3CH2CH3CH3
CH3
5、(1)错。改为:2,2-二甲基丁烷
(2)错。改为:2,2,5-三甲基-4-乙基己烷 (3)正确 (4)错。改为:2,2-二甲基丁烷
CH3CH3CH3-C-CH-CH-CH3CH3-CH-C-CH2-CH3CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3CH3CH2-CCH-CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3
6、(1)改为:
CH3HH3CHC2H5HCH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3 3-甲基戊烷
(2)
CH(CH3)2HH3CCH3HCl
ClCH3-CH2-C-CH(CH)2CH3
2,3-二甲基2-氯丁烷
7、C1-C2旋转:
CHOH25HOH
HOHC2H5HOHHHHHHHHHHHHC2H5HC2H5H 优势构象 C2-C3旋转:
H3CCH2OHHCH2OHCH3HCH2OHCH2OHHH
HHHHHHHHHHCH3HCH3H 优势构象 8、(1) (2) (3)
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH2CH3OHCH2CH3CH(CH3)2 9、(1)>(2)>(3)>(4)
H3C
10、
CH3A:CH3-C-CH3CH3B:CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3C:CH3-CH-CH2-CH3CH3
11、 (4) > (3) > (1) >(2) 12、
CH3
CH3CH2CH3CH3褪色:Br2水不褪色:CH3CH2CH3
14(1)
CH3HI
(2)
C2H5CH3CH3-CH-CH2CH3I
CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3H2SO4CH3-CH2-CCH3H2OCH3-CH2-COHCH3OSO3H
第三章 烯烃 炔烃 二烯烃习题参考答案
1、(1)2-甲基-4-乙基-3-己烯 (2)(Z)-3-甲基-2-戊烯 (3)4-甲基-2-丙基-1-戊烯 (4)(Z)-4-甲基-3-庚烯 (5)2,2-二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚炔 (6)(E)-3-甲基-2-溴-2-戊烯 (7)(2Z,4Z)-3,5-二甲基-2,4-庚二烯 (8)3E-2,4-二甲基-1,3-己二烯 2、(1) (2) (3) (4)
ClCH3CH2=C-CH=CH2(CH3)2C=CCH2CH3C=CHCH3CH3 H3C CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2CH3
(5) (6)
H3CHC=CH3CHHC=CC=CHCH3H
3、 (1)
CH3C=CCH3CH3Br2CCl4CH3CH3C-CHCH3BrBr(2)
CH3-C=CH-CH3Br2 / H2OCH3
CH3CH3-CCH-CH3BrBr
CH3CH3-CCH-CH3OHBrCH3CH3-C CH-CH3ClI
+(3)
CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3ICl(4)
CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3HBr / 过氧化物CH3CH3-C CH-CH3HBr(5)
CH3-C=CH-CH3H2SO4CH3CH3CH3-C CH2-CH3OSO3HCH3-C=OCH3
H2OCH3CH3-C CH2-CH3OH(6)
CH3-C=CH-CH3KMnO4CH3H++CH3COOH
(7)
CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3O3H3CCH3COOOCHCH3
H2O / ZnCH3-C=OCH3+CH3CHO 4、(1)