专题6 完形填空—夹叙夹议类
方法与技巧
(1) 考纲要求
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的,也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事,在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象,而后对此进行高层次评价,或由此引发一种深层次思考,具有记叙与议论的双重性,文情并茂,发人深思。解题时,应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境,及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。 (2) 命题规律
一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻,然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。
二、作者先提出一种观点或看法,然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。
三、提出一种观点或见解,然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点,最后再进一步地总结和升华。
夹叙夹议型完形填空的备考策略:
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点:
(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情,然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理;
(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法,然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明,一般是一个事例,有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明;
(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法,然后用事例说明,最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。 解题时,要做到:
(1)读好短文首句,琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空,是完整的一句话,信
息就从这里开始,他暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的;
(2)感受文体风格,领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度,因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情,就能正确地把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。 解题建议:
一、抓住作者在第一句话中交代的人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点、事件的发生、发展以及最后得出的结果。
二、不仅要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵,尤其要体味议论部分,因为该部分往往是文章的升华。
三、要跟着作者的思路读全文,思维要有灵活性,要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式。
体验高考
1. 2016·全国卷Ⅱ]
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And they've never actually __21__ you. Everything they know about you __22__ through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. __23__ they feel they can know you __24__ from the sound of your voice. That's how powerful the __25__ is.
Powerful, yes, but not always __26__. For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met __27__, got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really __28__ me. I sometimes wished to __29__ another agent.
One morning, I had to __30__ an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani's office __31__. The woman sitting at the desk, __32__ my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a __33__ smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the __34__ immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought.
Rushing out __35__ I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what's your name?” “I'm Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a __36__ woman with a big
smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was __37__! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so __38__.
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani's __39__ —her warm smile, her nods, her “I'm here for you” __40__ —were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires.
21. A. accepted 22. A. came developed
23. A. Thus Indeed
24. A. rather already
25. A.telephone impression
26. A. direct accurate
27. A. in person purpose
28. A. annoyed 29. A. promote 30. A. arrange
B. interested C. discouraged D. confused B. train B. postpone
C. find C. confirm
D. know
B. by myself C. in public
D.
on
B. useful
C. easy
D.
B. voice
C. connection D.
B. also
C. just
D.
B. Yet
C. Then
D.
B. noticed
B. moved
C. heard
D. met D.
C. ran
D. book
31. A. for the first time in good time
32. A. expecting avoiding
33. A. shy forced
34. A. bill list
35. A. hopefully
B. at any time C. from time to time D.
B. seeing C. testing D.
B. comforting C. familiar D.
B. form C. ticket D.
B. disappointedly C. gratefully D.
regretfully
36. A. careful 37. A. amused speechless
38. A. calm clever
39. A. forgiveness skilfulness
40. A. explanation
D.behaviour
B. attitude
C. concept
B. eagerness C. friendliness
D.
B. nice
C. proud
D.
B. serious
C. nervous
D. pleasant D.
B. worried C. helpless
21.D 根据空格前面的“?formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.”和后面的“Everything they know about you?”可知,他们了解你是通过你桌子上的电话,而不是通过和你见面而留下印象。accept接受; notice注意到; hear听见;meet见面。
22.A 根据空格前面的“Everything they know about you?”和后面的through this device可知,他们对你的了解来自这个装置。
23.B 根据上下文的意思“虽然你们之间的距离很远,但是他们只要通过你的声音,就可以了解你”可知,这里是转折的关系,因此答案为B。
24.C 别人只要通过声音就可以了解你。此处使用just表示强调。rather相当地;also也;just只是;already已经。
25.A 根据下文的only by phone以及第一段中的信息可知,此处指电话。
26.D 结合文章倒数第二段的“Why had I thought she was cold?”可知,作者通过讲述这个故事,说明了有的时候电话联系不太准确。direct直接的;useful有用的;easy容易的;accurate正确无误的。
27.A in person亲自;by myself靠自己;in public当众;on purpose故意地。A项与空前的faceless形成呼应,Rani是代理人,但是“我”从来没有与Rani碰过面。