2019全国卷1完形填空及答案详解

Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___. The best of a Kilimanjaro ____50____, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ____51____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ____52____ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ____53____ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ____54____ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ____55____ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ____56____ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ____57____: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ____58____ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ____59____ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro ____60____ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true. 41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring 42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters 43. A. position B. age C. face D. name 44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate 46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones 47. A. remote B. quiet C. tall D. clean 48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away 50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight 51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded 52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose 53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials 54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits 56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add 57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake 58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally 59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial 60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire

【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B

51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来

到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。

【41题详解】考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。

【42题详解】考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。

【43题详解】考查名词辨析。A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。

【44题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。

【45题详解】考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。

【46题详解】考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。

【47题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。

【48题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。 【49题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。

【50题详解】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。 【51题详解】考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：

be regarded as被视为……。山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。

故D选项切题。

【52题详解】考查名词辨析。A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。

【53题详解】考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。 【54题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to达到，履行；D. giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故D选项切题。

【55题详解】考查动词辨析。A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. permits允许。句意：

再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。

【56题详解】考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。

【57题详解】考查名词辨析。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。故B选项切题。

【58题详解】考查副词辨析。A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。

【59题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。

【60题详解】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。

2019全国卷2完形填空及答案详解

It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___. Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.

A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ____50____ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ____51____ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ____52____ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ____53____ their dog. Jeff had ____54____ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ____55____ for Rosie in the next four days. Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ____56____ enough to go to that kind of ____57____,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ____58____. “I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ____59____ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ____60____ to go that extra mile.” 41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard 42. A. fighting B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping 43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted 44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off 45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued 46. A. home B. past C. back D. on 47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search 48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily

49. A. surprise 50. A. predicted 51. A. house 52. A. called 53. A. fed 54. A. hunted 55. A. on purpose 56. A. cares 57. A. place 58. A. service 59. A. equal 60. A. suitable 【答案】

B. joy

B. advertised B. phone B. copied B. adopted B. skied B. on time B. sees B. trouble B. plan B. allergic B. proud C. hesitation C. believed C. street C. counted C. found C. lived C. in turn C. suffers C. waste C. effort C. grateful C. wise D. anxiety D. recorded D. car

D. remembered D. cured D. worked D. in vain D. learns D. extreme D. team D. close D. willing

41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers在打猎时在路边发现一只走失的小狗，他想哄它到自己身边来，但未能成功。回家后，Ehlers还是很担心这只狗，四天后他和朋友一起出去找到这只狗，并最终帮它找到了主人。

【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. read阅读；B. forgot忘记；C. thought想，思考；D. heard听到。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，故选C。

【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. fighting战斗；B. trembling发抖；C. eating吃；D. sleeping睡觉。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，故选B。

【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. tried尝试，努力。；B. agreed同意；C. promised承诺；D. regretted后悔，遗憾。根据下文可知，他在尽力哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。

【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. calmed down冷静下来；B. stood up站起来；C. rolled over翻滚；D. run off跑开。他在尽力哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了。故选D。

【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. injured受伤的；B. stolen偷走的；C. lost丢失的；D. rescued获救的。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。

【46题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. home家；B. past过去的，从前的；C. back向后，回原处；D. on作用中，行动中。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，故选C。

【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. preparation预备；准备；B. explanation解释；C. test测试；D. search寻找。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，故选D。 【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. cautiously慎重地，谨慎地；B. casually随便地；偶然地；C. skillfully