Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932,anditwasfollowedbyaseriesofnovels.HealsowroteabookonBritishpubs.他的第一本书于1932年出版，接着他出版了一系列的小说。他还写了一本有关英国酒吧的书。Note:exposure是动词expose的名词形式，动词expose常用于短语be/getexposedto中，表示“接触；体验”。例如：Somechildrenareneverexposedtoclassicalmusic.有些孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。Havingbeenexposedtoallkindsofdangersintheforest,thegirlfelthelplessandbegantocry.那个女孩在森林里体验了各种危险后，感到很无助，就哭了起来。18Schoolsfailtoadequatelyteachtheessentialframeworkoflanguage,accurategrammarandpropervocabulary,whiletheyshouldtaketheresponsibilityofpushingtheyoungontothepathofcompetentcommunication.(Para.7)Meaning:Althoughschoolsareresponsibleforpreparingstudentsforeffectivecommunication,theyareunabletosufficientlyteachthebasicconceptsoflanguage—grammarandvocabulary.Usagenote:adequate,abundant1adequate表示“在数量或质量上足以满足特定的标准”，强调刚好够用、没有多余。例如：Hedoesn’tearnalargesalarybutitisadequateforhisneeds.他挣钱不多，但也够用了。2abundant表示“充裕；绰绰有余”，强调数量很多或充足有余。例如：Wehaveabundantproofofhisguilt.我们有他犯罪的充分证据。Collocationnote:InParagraph7,wehavetwocollocationpairswiththesameword:advanced/propervocabularyforourattention.19Sincegrammarisboringtomostoftheyoungstudents,Ithinkthatitmustbehandleddelicately,stepbystep.(Para.8)Meaning:Asgrammarisboringanddulltomostoftheyoungstudents,Ithinkitshouldbetaughtcarefullyandskillfully,bitbybit.20ThechancecamewhenonedayIwasdrivingwithmyson.Aswesetoutonourtrip,henoticedabirdinjerkyflightandsaid,“It’sflyingsounsteady.”(Para.8)Meaning:TheopportunitytoteachhimEnglishcamewhenwewerebothonacarheadingforourtrip.Onseeingabirdflyingunsteadily,hecommentedthatthebirdwasflying“unsteady”.21Icarefullyasked,“Myson,howisthebirdflying?”“What’swrong?DidIsayanythingincorrectly?”Hegotlost.“Great!Yousaidincorrectlyinsteadofincorrect.Weuseadverbstodescribeverbs.Therefore,it’sflyingsounsteadilybutnotsounsteady.”(Para.8)Meaning:Onhearingwhathesaid,Iaskedhimcautiouslyhowthebirdwasflying.Mysondidn’thaveanyideaaboutwhatwaswrong,soheaskedifhesaidanythingincorrectly.Bypraisinghiscorrectuseofincorrectly,Iexplainedthatunsteadyisimproperlyusedbecauseanadverbisneededtodescribeaverb.Meaningbeyondwords:From“Icarefullyasked”and“Great”wecanseethewaythefatherusedtocorrecthisson’sgrammaticalmistakeisveryencouraging.22Curiousaboutmycorrection,heaskedmewhatanadverbwas.Slowly,Isaid,“It’sawordthattellsyousomethingaboutaverb.”Itledtohisaskingmewhataverbwas.Iexplained,“Verbsareactionwords;forexample,Daddrivesthetruck.Driveistheverbbecauseit’sthethingDadisdoing.”(Para.9)Meaning:Fascinatedbymycorrection,hewonderedwhatanadverbwas.Afterhegottheanswer,hewentonwiththequestionofaverb.Toexplainvividlytohim,Iusedtheexampleofdriving:anactionIamdoing.Meaningbeyondwords:Theboywasveryalerttosomethingneworinteresting.Learninggrammarisnotnecessarilyboring.23Then,outofhisowncuriosity,heaskedmeifotherwordshadnamesfortheiruseandfunctions.(Para.10)Meaning:Afterthat,becauseofhiscuriosity,heaskedmeifotherwordsalsohadspecificnamesfortheiruseandtherolestheyplay.24Withinthespanofa10-minutedrive,hehadlearnedfromscratchtothemajorpartsofspeechinasentence.Itwaspainlesslearningandgreatfun!(Para.10)Meaning:Within10minutesridinginthecarwithme,hehadlearnedfromzerotounderstandingthemainpartsofspeechinasentence.Learninggrammarisinterestingratherthanpainfulorboring!25Perhaps,languageshouldbelookeduponasaroadmapandavaluablepossession:oftenstudytheroadmap(checkgrammar)andtuneupthecarengine(adjustvocabulary).Learninggrammarandagoodvocabularyisjustlikedrivingwitharoadmapinawell-conditionedcar.(Para.11)Meaning:Maybe,youshouldregardlanguageasaroadmapandaverypreciouspropertyyouhave.Youshouldoftenlookattheroadmap(reviewgrammar)andmakesmallchangestoyourcarengine(improvevocabulary).Meaningbeyondwords:Theroadmapandthecarareusedmetaphoricallytomeanthatgrammarandvocabularyarepowerfuldevicesthatwillenableyoutofreelyexploreinthelanguageworld.Usagenote:adjust,adapt1当表示“适应…环境”时，adjust和adapt差不多。常与to搭配。可以说adjust(sth./oneself)tosth.和adapt(sth./oneself)tosth.。其中adjust和adapt互为同义词。例如：OnceyougettotheUnitedStates,youwillhavetoadjustyourselftoacompletelynewlifestyle.一旦你到了美国，你就需要进行调整，以适应美国全新的生活方式。Thechildrenfoundithardtoadapttothenewschool.这些孩子们发现很难适应这所新学校。Thebodyadjustsitselftochangesoftemperature.身体会自行适应温度的变化。Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才学是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、批判和想象。2adjust作及物动词用时，还有“调节；使…适合；校准”之意，而adapt不表示此意。例如：adjustaradio(dial)调准收音机的选台指针adjustcoloronaTV调整电视的色彩adjustone’stieinamirror照镜子整理领带adjustatelescopetoone’seyes调节望远镜使之适合眼睛观看adjustaclock调准时钟3adapt作及物动词时，还有“（改装）使适合；改编”之意，其同义词是modify，不是adjust。例如：Theseteachingmaterialscanbeadaptedforolderchildren.这些教材修订一下可以给大一点的孩子用。Headaptedhisoldcarenginetotheboat.他把他的旧汽车上的引擎用到那只船上。26Theroadmapprovidestheframeworkandguidanceyouneedforyourtrip,butitwon’ttellyouexactlywhattreesorflowersyouwillsee,whatkindofpeopleyouwillencounter,orwhattypesoffeelingsyouwillbeexperiencingonyourjourney.(Para.12)Meaningbeyondwords:Theroadmapcanonlygiveyouthedirectionyouneedforyourtrip,butit’simpossibleforyoutopredictwhatkindoftripitwillbeaheadofyou.27Here,thevocabularymakesthejourney’struecolorscomealive!(Para.12)Meaningbeyondwords:Vocabularyisconsideredasthebeautifulsceneriesalongthewayofthetrip.Theimpliedmeaningisthatvocabularyisasimportantasgrammar.28Equippedwithgrammarandagoodvocabulary,youhaveflexibilityandexcellentcontrol.(Para.12)Meaningbeyondwords:Justastravelingwitharoadmapandagoodcar,withthehelpofgrammarknowledgeandalargevocabulary,youwillfeelmorecomfortableandconfidentwhenusingtheEnglishlanguage.29Whiletheroadmapguidesyourjourneytoyourdestination,anexcellentvehiclehelpsyoutofullyenjoyallofthesights,soundsandexperiencesalongtheway.(Para.12)Meaning:Thoughtheroadmapleadsyoutotheplacewhereyouwanttogo,thewell-conditioned/well-tunedcar(vocabulary)enablesyoutocompletelyenjoyyourtripalongtheroad.Sentencestructurenote:whileWhilecanbeusedinaclausetointroduceinformationwhichcontrastswithinformationinthemainclause.Forexample:Whilemostpeoplelookforwardtoretirement,somecannotbearthethoughtofbecomingprofessionallyinactive.虽然大多数人盼望退休，可有些人想到没了工作就受不了。Whileaneffectivelanguageteachercanmaximizestudents’learning,acommittedstudentcanalwaysenjoylearning.虽然一个有效的语言老师能让学生最大限度地学到东西,但是一个孜孜不倦的学生总是能对学习乐此不彼。Thesouthofthecountrygrowsricherandricher,whilethenorthgrowspoorerandpoorer.这个国家的南方越来越富，但是北方却越来越穷。30Effective,precise,andbeneficialcommunicationdependsupongrammarandagoodvocabulary,thetwoessentialassetsforstudents,buttheyarenotbeingtaughtinschools.(Para.13)Meaning:Grammarandagoodvocabularyarethetwobasicandvaluabletoolsthathelpstudentstoachievesuccessful,exact,andfavorablecommunication,butunfortunatelystudentsarenotbeingtaughthowtousetheminschools.Note:beneficial常与to连用，引出对谁有利、有帮助、有用。例如：Cyclingishighlybeneficialtohealthandtheenvironment.骑自行车对身体和环境都大有裨益。Collocationnote:InParagraph7,wehavecomeacrosscompetentcommunicationandherewehaveprecisecommunicationandbeneficialcommunication.InParagraph2ofTextBcarefulreaderswillnotmissadequatecommunicationskills.Formorecollocationpairs,pleaserefertothenotesoncollocationforthisunit.31Justthismorning,mysonandIwereeatingbreakfastwhenIattemptedtoaddmilktomytea.“Dad,”hesaid,“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.It’ssour.”(Para.14)Meaning:Whilehavingbreakfastthismorning,Itriedtopoursomemilkintomyteabutmysonstoppedme,sayingthathewouldn’tdothatbecauseittastedsour.32“Ohmy!”Isaid,swellingwithpridetowardmyson,“That’sagrammaticallyperfectsentence.Youusedwereinsteadofwas.”(Para.15)Meaningbeyondwords:Thefatherwasextremelyhappyandimpressedbyhisson’sgoodEnglish.Note:“Ohmy!”isoftenheardinaninformalconversation.Notinfrequently,youalsohearpeoplesay“Ohmygoodness!”or“OhmyGosh!”.Allthesecanbeusedwhenpeopleshowsurprise,excitement,boredom,ordistress.Thesensecanbeeitherpositiveornegative,anditisbasedonthespeaker’stoneandthesituationinwhichitisused.33“Iknow,Iknow,”hesaidwithalongagreeablesigh.“It’sthesubjunctivemood.”(Para.16)Meaning:Withaslowanddeepbreath,mysonpleasantlysaidthatheknewit’sthesubjunctivemoodingrammar.34Iwas,like,whoa!(Para.17)Meaning:Iwasreallysurprisedandimpressedbymyson’sgrammarknowledge.Meaningbeyondwords:Thefatherwasveryproudofhisson.Theexpressionusedhereistocontrastwiththeonesaidatthebeginningofthetextwhentheauthordescribestheincapabilityofthestudent’slanguage.Thoughbothareinasurprisedtone,thepurposesareapparentlydifferent.Byreturningtothephrasefromthebeginningofthetext:“…,like,whoa!”,thefatherisplayingballwiththis“condensednon-statement”.Usingthiswordattheendofthetext,therefore,reflectstheauthor’sskillfullyexpressedhumor.