这么难的考试你怎么都全答对了？Note:Whoaisspecificallyusedtoshowthatpeoplearesurprisedorthinksomethingisveryimpressive.Itcanbeusedindifferentcontexts.Forexample:﹒Todescribesomethingthatyou’renotquitesurehowtodescribe:Thatcarissocool,it’slike,whoa.﹒Toexpresssurprise:Whoa!It’sreallyamazing!﹒Toindicateadesiretoendwhatsomeoneistalking:Whoa,OK,that’senough.5Andthatwasit.(Para.4)Meaning:Andthatwaseverythingshesaid,withoutevenmentioninganydetailsofherwonderfulexperienceinEurope.Thatwasit.:oftenusedinconversationtosaythatsth.iscompletelyfinishedorthatasituationcannotbechanged就这样（指某事彻底结束或形势不能更改）Thatwasit.Icouldnolongerhopeforapromotion,andmybossdidn’tevenwanttoseemeagain.就这样吧，我的升职再也没指望了，我的老板甚至不想再见到我。That’sit.Thereisnothingmorewecando.就这样吧，我们也再没有别的办法。6ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturewerecapturedinacondensednon-statement.(Para.4)Meaning:ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturewerejustdescribedinonewordratherthanacompletestatementbecauseofherinabilitytochooseappropriatewordstoexpressherself.7Mystudent’s“whoa!”wasexceededonlybymyhead-shakingdistress.(Para.4)Meaning:Myhead-shakingdistressatherinabilitytoexpressproperlywasevengreaterthanherslangtermwhoa,oneword,whichdidnotmakeanystatementtodescribethecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecture.Meaningbeyondwords:Thewordexceedstatesexplicitlythattheauthor’sworryabouthisstudent’slanguageinabilitywasmuchmoreintensethanherexcitement.8TherearemanydifferentstoriesaboutthedownturnintheproperuseofEnglish.(Para.5)Meaning:TherearealotofdifferentstoriesaboutwhymoreandmorepeoplearelessandlessskilledwhenusingEnglish.downturn:n.[C,usu.sing.]aprocessinwhichbusinessactivity,production,etc.isreducedandconditionsbecomeworse衰退；下降ThedownturnintheautoindustryaffectedtheentireeconomyoftheUnitedStates.汽车工业的衰退影响了整个美国的经济。9Surelystudentsshouldbeabletodistinguishbetweentheir/there/they’reorthedistinctivedifferencebetweencomplimentaryandcomplementary.(Para.5)Meaning:Ofcourse,studentsshouldbeabletorecognizeandunderstandthedifferencesbetweentheir/there/they’reortheobviousdifferencebetweencomplimentaryandcomplementary.Usagenote:distinguished,distinctive,distinct这三个词词形相近，但意思有很大的差别，不能互换使用。1distinguished指“卓越的；杰出的；著名的”。例如：Hisgrandfatherhadbeenadistinguisheduniversityprofessor.他的祖父曾是一位杰出的大学教授。2distinctive指“（特征、性格或外表）独特的，有明显不同的”。强调“表示差别的”、“有特色的”、“特殊的”。例如：Irenehadaverydistinctivevoice.艾琳有一个非常独特的声音。Canyoufindthedistinctivewatermarksofthisstamp?你能看到这枚邮票上明显的水印吗？PupilsinHongKongusuallyhavedistinctivebadgesontheirschooluniforms.在香港，小学生的校服上常戴有颇具特色的徽章。3distinct表示“分明的；明了的；清楚的”。例如：Ihavethedistinctfeelingthatmyfrienddidnotrealizewhatwashappening.我明显感到我朋友并未察觉所发生的一切。ThephotoyoutookinHongKongCulturalCentreisnotdistinctenough.你在香港文化中心拍的那张照片不够清晰。Shehasadistinctpronunciation.她的发音清楚。Thereisadistinctsmellofsmokeinmyroom.我的房间里有一股明显的香烟味。distinct的另一个词义是“明显不同的；有区别的”。例如：Ourinterestswerequitedistinctfromthoseofthem.我们的兴趣与他们的兴趣截然不同。现将distinct和distinctive用在一个句子里，以便区分：Oneofthedistinctivefeaturesofthisbookisitsdistinctillustrations.这本书很明显的特点之一就是其具有清楚明了的图解。10Theyunfairlybearthebulkofthecriticismfortheseknowledgedeficitsbecausethereisasensethattheyshouldknowbetter.(Para.5)Meaning:Justbecausetheyareassumedtolearnbetter,studentsunfairlybecomethemaintargetofthecriticismfortheirinsufficientknowledge.Note:Theworddeficitismainlyusedinthesecondmeaning(赤字；亏损；逆差).11Studentsarenotdumb,buttheyarebeingmisledeverywheretheylookandlisten.(Para.6)Meaning:Studentsarenotstupid.However,theymistakenlylearnwhatevertheyseeandhearintheirlanguageenvironment.Note:Here,“…theyarebeingmisled”isusedforemphasis,emphasizinganon-goingsituationof“beingmisled”.12Forexample,signsingrocerystorespointthemtothestationary,eventhoughtheactualstationeryitems—pads,albumsandnotebooks—arenotnaileddown.(Para.6)Meaning:Forexample,signsofmerchandiseingrocerystoresleadstudentstothe“stationary”departmentsellingstationerylikepads,albumsandnotebooks.However,thesedisplayedstationeryitemsaremovable,butnotnaileddown.Meaningbeyondwords:Takingthewrongspelledsignsingrocerystoresasanexample,theauthorarguesthatitisnotstudent’sfault.Theverbphrasenaildowniscleverlyusedtodescribethefunnysituation:Movable“stationery”itemsareunderthesignofunmovable“stationary”,adistinctspellingmistakebetweenthetwowords.13Friendsandlovedonesoftenproclaimthey’vejustatewhen,infact,they’vejusteaten.(Para.6)Meaning:FriendsandlovedonesoftenmakemistakeswhenspeakingEnglish.Forexample,theysaypubliclythey’vejustatebutactuallytheyshouldsaythey’vejusteaten.Usagenote:proclaim,claim1proclaim是正式宣告或公开宣告，“宣告”的中文意思比“声明”要严肃。例如：Thegovernmenthasproclaimedanewlaw.政府已公布了一项新法令。Theyproclaimedthathewasatraitor.他们宣称他是叛徒。Theringingbellsproclaimedthebirthoftheprince.响亮的钟声宣布了王子的诞生。2claim是根据权利声明，根据权利要求索赔，根据权利认领。1)声称；断言；主张。例如：Theyclaimtohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的方法。Sheclaimedthattheringwasstolen,notlost.她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。2)要求；索赔。例如：Theoldmanclaimedtheland.老人要求得到这块土地。Iclaimpaymentfrommyfriend.我要求我的朋友付款。14Therefore,itdoesn’tmakeanysensetocriticizeourstudents.(Para.6)Meaning:So,there’snogoodreasontocriticizeourstudentsatallbecauseit’sunfairtoblamethem.15Blameforthescandalofthislanguagedeficitshouldbethrustuponourschools,whichshouldbesettinghighstandardsofEnglishlanguageproficiency.(Para.7)Meaning:Ourschoolsshouldbeblamedfortheshockingsituationofstudents’insufficientlanguageskills.It’stheirresponsibilitytoestablishhighstandardsofEnglishlanguageabilities.16Instead,theyonlyteachalittlegrammarandevenlessadvancedvocabulary.(Para.7)Meaning:Contrarytowhattheschoolsshoulddo,theyonlyteachaminimumamountofgrammarandfarfromenoughadvancedvocabulary.17Moreover,theyoungerteachersthemselvesevidentlyhavelittleknowledgeofthesevitalstructuresoflanguagebecausetheyalsowentwithoutexposuretothem.(Para.7)Meaning:Inaddition,theyoungteachersobviouslyknowlittleabouttheseimportantstructuresoflanguagesincetheyalsodidn’thavethechancetodealwiththemintheirpriorlearningexperiences.Usagenote:moreover,however,consequently,also,etc.Moreover在句中用作连接副词，用于表示补充或增加信息，类似的连接副词还有therefore,however,also,furthermore等，表因果、转折、递进等。这类词可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。例如：Shesawthattherewasindeedamanimmediatelybehindher.Moreover,hewasobservingherstrangely.她看到确实有一个人紧跟在她身后。并且，他还在怪异地观察着她。Therentistoohigh,and,moreover,thehouseistoofarfromthecitycenter.房子的租金太高了，而且，离市中心太远了。Theharmfuleffectofthedryweatheronwildflowers,however,hasbeenenormous.可是，干燥的天气对野生花卉的有害影响是巨大的。Hehasseenthesituationbeforeandhasconsequentlydevelopedafeelingforwhatwillhappennext.他以前见过此情形，所以知道接下来会发生什么。