2013年1月真题及答案详解

A卷

Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each)

21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.

A declaring B verifying C making D indicating

22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.

A technologically B considerably C structurally D internally 23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury. A compose B overthrow C dispose D surpass

24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.

A participate in B cater to C indulge in D see to

25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast. A astonishing B humiliating C noticeable D fleeting.

26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.

A carried on B taken on C worked on D embarked on

27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.

A once in a while B at the same time C in a broad sense D as soon as possible.

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28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.

A specific=definite B active C creative D confident.

29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff. A proficiency B grasp C efficiency D competition

30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports. A set apart B leave out C go about D put up Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thought about now.

A in the way of B in the eyes of C in the face of D in the form of

32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group. A identification B specification C introduction D superstition

33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ that schools should continue to test, if they so choose. A preserve B safeguards B maintains D conserves

34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one with the Internet ____

A entrance B admission C access D involvement

35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____ A mobility B morality C maturity D mortality

36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved. A impulsive B responsive C destructive D speculative

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37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.

A resided B inhabited C segregated D exhibited

38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.

A on purpose B on hand . C on credit D on end

39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____

A reserves B preservatives C conservatives D reservations.

40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s step-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.

A ecological B psychological C physiological D biological Part III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)

No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44 color and taste.

Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest

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buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea contain only about half as much caffeine as coffee.

Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects. 41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits 42. A where it B that C which D when it 43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition 44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were 45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle 46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in 47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of 48. A less B the least C more D the most 49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly 50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms of Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each) Passage One

Singletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.

A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.

For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans,

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smaller families ---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency of resource consumption” is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because they share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bit worried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “standard” of family and coupledom. The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.

Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having a “green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV series Friends.

And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own is not allowed.

51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____

A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.

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B they should live together with other singletons. C singledom is an acceptable life-style. D singledom can shorten one’s life-span.

52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?

A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage. B Now people can afford to support a household individually. C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers. D Many people live much longer than before.

53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________

A harmful to people’s life. B destructive to our ecosystem. C dangerous to plants and animals. D unworkable in our society 54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______

A self-reliant B self-conscious C self-sufficient D self-centered 55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____

A abnormal B diversified C unimaginable D disgusting 56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________ A find boy friends or girl friends. B live with their parents and other family members. C live together and share more with their friends. D watch more episodes of the TV series Friends.

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Passage Two

In 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big issue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had become blind from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of having the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selection led them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now they will try to have a second daughter using the same technique.

The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.

The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 in California marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number of people who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the company’s clinical director.

This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender. It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the technique for nonmedical reasons.

The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.

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Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.

The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.

57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy? A Because they might give birth to a blind baby. B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son. C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up. D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.

58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____ A had already been well-developed. B had not been declared successful.

C was available to those who wanted it. D had been widely accepted in the medical world.

59. Which of the following is the author’s primary concern regarding the application of the new technology?

A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies. B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want. C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined. D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population 60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______

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A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls. B 76% of the women get pregnant with boys.

C it is more successful for those who want to have girls. D it is more successful for those who want to have boys.

61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____

A are of different shapes B are of different sizes C can be identified D can be reproduced

62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________ A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire. B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons. C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind. D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population. Passage Three

Without question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.

It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sell the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employees busy

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during slack period. He is likely to have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.

Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the “second” should be clearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect than “seconds.” More serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left” when in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at half-price” when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” were necessary it is during sales. 63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?

A Cheapest goods B Newest goods C Seasonal goods D Goods in stock 64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____

A surplus goods B low-cost goods C the end lot goods D exceptionally valued goods

65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____ A have his goods produced at low cost. B sell his goods at a very low price.

C have his employees sell his goods. D try to produce high quality

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goods.

66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________

A are of better quality than “substandard goods” B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.

C are defective but marked as perfect. D are goods with serious defects

67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____

A dressing again B change of address

C compensation for something wrong. D selling the same product at different prices.

68. During sales shoppers should ____

A find the best bargains at every opportunity. B beware of being cheated. C buy things that are necessary. D pay more attention to the price. Passage Four

How many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotional problems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat by the use of anti-depressants but he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.

One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and

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particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merely that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in the case of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness of doctor who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossible to get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc. are due to “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.

It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is serious indeed.

69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______

A could be ineffective in some cases. B usually have harmful side effects.

C can greatly alleviate the illnesses. D can remove the root

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causes.

70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___ A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients. B how psychologists should treat their patients. C the fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects.

D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness. 71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____ A find it impossible to remove a psychological disease B feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs. C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored. D can do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state .

72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____

A are at a loss for treatment. B have no right to use drugs.

C have to cure their patients by any means. D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.

73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____

A a more serious disease B some emotional problem. C a physical disorder D prolonged work

74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____ A concerned B hopeless C surprised D disappointed Passage Five

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Those who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Their pledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.

Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dim light on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morris seems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.

Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates, reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.

After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morris draws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to bring honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real estate and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”

So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone bad, asserts that regulation is absolutely necessary, that it is the

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essential plumbing in our economic house. Nevertheless, Mr. Morris should have noticed that plumbing requires plumbers, and while a good one can keep a house functional, a rotten plumber can turn a minor drip into a ruinous flood. 75. The passage is primarily concerned with ___

A recommending Morris’s new book. B criticizing Morris’ attitude to regulations.

C describing current economic situations. D commenting on financial regulators. 76. Which of the following is true of Money, Greed and Risk?

A It discusses the importance of plumbing in keeping a house functional. B It describes a great number of financial disasters in detail . C It analyses the reasons for regulating the banking industry. D It emphasizes the flaws in the financial system of the 1930s. 77. Regulation Q is quoted in the passage mainly to ____

A demonstrate what kind of examples Morris has cited in his book. B illustrate that misguided policies can be very harmful to economy.

C support Morris’s statement about the incompetence of Congressmen and bankers. D refute Morris’s conclusion about the foolishness of the government regulations. 78. The government regulations often fail to bring the desired result partly because ____

A the regulators do not understand economy well. B the regulations are enforced before a crisis hits its peak.

C banking executives do not believe in the current regulatory structure. D the standards for financial institutions are not consistent.

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79. According to the passage, which of the following is true of Morris? A He needn’t have recounted so many financial disasters. B He has little faith in the present-day regulatory system.

C He has failed to point out that regulators are more to blame than unwise regulations.

D His book will undermine the readers’ faith in the current regulatory structure. 80. The author’s attitude towards Morris’s new book can best be described as ____ A scornful B appreciative C satirical D critical Part V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)

What’s strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settle disputes by some means other than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of lives, but leads to increased tension. The use of sophisticated weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health, although the reluctance to eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the big powers will not necessarily end up with conflicts. The chances are that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of the survival of the fittest still applies to the international community. We can’t help wondering how many years it will take for the world to eliminate war once for all.

运用世界领先的技术将使中国有可能摆脱贫穷。来中国的国外游客吃惊地发现在以前又脏又穷的地方出现了高楼大厦。 他们的所见所闻使他们得出的结论是：中国不仅远非落后，而且正向小康社会迈进。 Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)

Topic: Do you agree with the statement that the traditional teacher-centered lecture format used in many colleges and universities discourages independent thinking? Give

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some reasons to support your points of view.

2013年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解

第二部分 词汇

Section A 21. (C)

该句意为：重视盈利使这些系统过于庞大，因此更容易遭受恐怖袭击。

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render: v. 致使 declare: v. 宣布 verify: v. 证明 indicate: v. 表明 22. (B)

该句意为：在逃生系统方面，8.5吨的神州3号已有大幅度改进。 substantially: adv. 相当大地；实质地 technologically: adv. 技术上 considerably: adv. 极大地 structurally: adv. 结构上 internally: adv. 内部地 23. (A)

该句意为：根据美国司法体系，12人组成一个陪审团。 constitute: v. 构成，组成 compose: v. 组成 overthrow: v. 推翻 surpass: v. 超越 24. (D)

该句意为：要处理的琐事太多，他很难静心为考试而读书。 attend to: v. 照料，接待，处理 participate in: v. 参加 cater to: v. 迎合……要求 indulge in: v. 沉迷于 see to: v. 留心，处理 25. (C)

该句意为：衣着体面的儿子和看起来很寒酸的父亲形成鲜明的对比。 striking: adj. 鲜明的，明显的，引人注目的 astonishing: adj. 惊人的

humiliating: adj. 侮辱性的，令人难看的 noticeable: adj. 明显的

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fleeting: adj. 瞬间的 26. (B)

该句意为：目前，防“非典”具有新的意义并引起广泛关注。 assume: v. 假设，假定；具有 carry on: v. 继续

take on: v. 呈现；具有；雇佣 work on: v. 从事

embark on: v. 从事，承担，开始 27. (B)

该句意为：在这次经济论坛中，每位贵宾的发言都要同声传译。 simultaneously: adv. 同时 once in a while: adv. 偶尔 in a broad sense: adv. 广义上讲 28. (D)

该句意为：对乐观思维在日常生活中作用的研究已产生有趣的结果。 specific: adj. 明确的，特有的 active: adj. 积极的，主动的 creative: adj. 有创造的 confident: adj. 有信心的 29. (A)

该句意为：该培训课程旨在提高工作人员的英语水平。 competence: n. 能力，合格 proficiency: n. 熟练程度，水平 grasp: n. 领会 （无“掌握”之意） efficiency: n. 效率 competition: n. 竞争 30. (A)

该句意为：学生应为娱乐和体育活动留出足够的时间。 set aside: v. 留出（时间等）以备有 leave out: v. 省略

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go about: v. 处理

put up: v. 进行；举起；张贴

Section B 31. (D)

该句意为：尽管古老的习俗不再引起人们的注意，但其中一些仍以礼貌形式继续存在。 in the way of: 防碍 in the eyes of: 在?看来 in the face of: 在?面前 in the form of: 以?的形式 32. (A)

该句意为：俚语的主要功能之一是增强与其一伙人的认同感。 identification: n. 辨认，身份，认同 specification: n. 说明 introduction: n. 介绍 superstition: n. 迷信 33. (C)

该句意为：鉴于法官们论述的其他宪法依据，该协会坚持认为学校可以继续实施考试制度。 preserve: v. 维护，保护 safeguard: v. 捍卫

maintain: v. 维护，坚持认为 conserve: v. 保护，保守 34. (C)

该句意为：能上网的人都能轻而易举地了解这些大学的情况。 entrance: n. 入口，入学，进入 admission: n. 录取，进入 access: n. 使用的权利或机会 involvement: n. 参与，卷入 35. (D)

该句意为：缺少运动和不健康饮食习惯增加了死亡的可能性。

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mobility: n. 流动性 morality: n. 道德观 maturity: n. 成熟 mortality: n. 死亡 36. (A)

该句意为：在此桥上，许多自杀的企图都是一时冲动，其实生命是可以挽救的。 impulsive: adj. 冲动的 responsive: adj. 有反应的 destructive: adj. 毁灭性的 speculative: adj. 投机的，思考的 37. (B)

该句意为：林肯出生在一个小农场，那儿的森林是野兽的家园。 reside: vi. 居住 inhabit: v. 居住 segregate: v. 隔离 exhibit: v. 展现 38. (D)

该句意为：有些青少年对电子游戏特别着迷，有时可能连续玩数小时。 on purpose: 故意

on hand: 拥有，就要出现，出席 on credit: 赊 on end: 连续 39. (A)

该句意为：野生动物部门已花费数百万美元保护自然保护区。 nature reserve: 自然保护区 preservative: 防腐剂 conservative: 保守的人 reservation: 保留 40. (D)

该句意为：这位年轻女士是史密斯先生的养女，她的亲生父母死于车祸。

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ecological: adj. 生态的 psychological: adj. 心理学的 physiological: adj. 生理的 biological: adj. 生物的，亲的

第三部分 完形填空

该短文介绍了不同茶叶的采集、加工过程以及茶叶对人类健康的益处。

41. (B) 短文第一段作者说：谁也不敢肯定您喝的那种茶对健康有什么作用，但是专家说所有的茶都可能对健康有益。

42. (C) 第二句作者说：每种茶叶都含有较高的抗氧化剂成分，这些抗氧化剂影响着氧与其他物质反应后改变其化学成分的过程。Which在这里是引导一个非限定性定语从句。 43. (D) 见42题。该题四个选择项意思相近，但不相同。 element: n. 元素；要素 ingredient: n. 配方成分 fragment: n. 碎片

composition: n. 组成成分，（化学）成分

44. (A) 第一段最后一句作者说：但是茶叶的不同加工过程可以改变其抗氧化剂的含量及茶叶的颜色和口味。 45. (B) 第二段第二句作者说：绿茶典型的特点是味淡而清鲜。

46. (C) 接着作者说：红茶因其在加工过程中完全氧化并发酵，因而会产生很浓的味道。专家说这种过程就使红茶和绿茶对人们的健康有不同的作用。

47. (D) 接着作者说：更稀有的是白毛尖，这是茶中的极品，它是由茶树上最嫩的小芽制成，采摘时上面还有一层白色的绒毛覆盖。“由??组成”的表达方式有：be composed of, be made up of 和consist of, 因此只有D对。 48. (B) 接着作者说：白毛尖和绿茶含咖啡因最少。（从语法上讲the most也可用，但从上下文的意思上讲应该是含咖啡因越少越好。）

49. (A) 第三段作者说：药茶与茶叶完全不同。 inevitably: adv. 不可避免地 enormously: adv. 巨大地 irresistibly: adv. 不可抗拒地

50. (D) 最后一句作者说：不同的药茶对健康的作用差别很大。 in terms of: 在??方面

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in case of: 假设，??情况下 in proportion to: 与??成比例 in exchange for: 交换

第四部分 阅读理解

第一篇

这一篇讲的是由于独居者的增加给地球生态系统带来了前所未有的压力，因为独居比与别人共同居住会消费更

多的自然资源，从而加速濒危动植物的灭绝。作者建议独居者最后与人合作，尽快结束独居。 51. (C)

文章一开始作者说：好心的朋友和家人都在安慰独居的人，并跟他们说没有人做伴，天也不会塌下来的。singleton意为“独居者”，原是超级词汇，但文中已有解释，考生可明白其意思。 52. (B)

第三段第一句作者说：由于种种原因，如婚姻关系破裂、职业的选择、寿命的延长、家庭小型化等，单人家庭的数量在增加，这里面没有提到由于收入的增长，人们可以一个人维持一个家庭。 53. (B)

第二段作者说：刚刚发表的一项令人沮丧的研究说全球倾向于独居的趋势正在给我们的生态系统造成前所未有的压力。第三段的第二句作者又说：独居给自然资源造成不可忍受的压力，加速了濒危动植物的灭绝。 54. (D)

第三段第四句作者说：独居的人很自私，他们自己一个人用一个冰箱、电视、饭锅和上下水系统，这对我们这个过于拥挤的星球上的自然资源来说是一个灾难性的浪费。 55. (A)

第三段的最后一句作者说：我们的社会是本能的群体社会，当人们看到其他人在不露声色地违反群体社会原则并与“标准”的家庭和夫妻关系原则背道而驰时就会大惊小怪，并且猛烈地抨击他们。 56. (C)

文章的最后两段作者劝独居者说：尝试一下与别人合住。有很多这方面的例子，漂亮的青年人笑着相遇，共同度过美好时光，就像电视连续剧?六人行?中描写的那样。这些信息清楚地告诉我们：合住好，孤独不好，单身独居是不被（社会）允许的。 第二篇

本文介绍了用现代医学的方法已经能够使一对夫妻在想要孩子时选择使他们的孩子的性别。有些人选择孩子的

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性别是为了避免遗传疾病，而有的人是为了家里男孩女孩平衡。这就引出了医学伦理道德的问题。 57. (C)

文章第一段第三句作者说：MiShel的兄弟在20岁刚过时就因遗传性疾病而双目失明。Meisser夫妇知道这种疾病是通过母亲传给儿子的。如果他们生男孩的话，这个男孩就有50％的可能性带有这种病。 58. (B)

第一段第六句作者说：因为这对英国夫妇要求选择孩子的性别，因此他们就来到了美国弗吉尼亚州，这里有一种新的分离精子的技术称作MicroSort（微筛选），当时正在试验阶段（1999年）。 59. (D)

第三段作者说：看来这一技术不仅能有效地选择孩子的性别，也带来了一大堆伦理和实际上的问题。特别是大多数应用该技术的家庭，并不是出于医学上的需要（这里指他们只是为了要男孩或女孩，这样就可能影响人口性别的比例）。 60. (C)

文章的第六段作者说：Blauer说该公司的成功率令人瞩目：91％想要生女孩的妇女成功受孕，76％想要男孩的妇女成功受孕。 61. (B)

文章最后一段作者说：分离精子的技术是基于X染色体比Y染色体大。科学家用一种机器把大小不同的染色体分开。 62. (A) 参见第60题。 第三篇

本篇分析了商家在商品大降价时抛售商品的策略与内幕，并提醒消费者不要上当受骗。 63. (C)

作者在第一段第二句说：很明显降价的商品都是赶时髦或季节性的商品，时间一过就成为打折最多的商品。 64. (D)

第二段作者说：确实有的商品就是用做降价的，但是它们也能给商家带来额外的价值。厂家手头可能有一批货底子，很想送到商店里去降价处理掉；或者厂家有一批剩余的材料，他们想把这些材料制成商品减价处理掉；或许厂家只是为了让工人在淡季有活干而生产一批低成本的产品，厂家也可能是有一大批二等品，产品有瑕疵，但并不严重，可以成为很好的降价商品。作者在这里没有提到特别有价值的商品。 65. (A)

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参见第64题。 66. (A)

第三段第二句括号内作者指出：顺便说一下（incidentally），“次品”这个词通常指比“二等品”瑕疵更严重的产品。 67. (C)

第三段第五句作者说：一些利用教堂大厅或类似的地方卖一日大减价地毯的人常常会利用这些误导消费者的方法。因为大减价一天后他们就离开了这个地区，消费者不可能找他们赔偿。 68. (B)

文章最后一句作者说：有必要在大减价时提醒消费者：请消费者注意，不要上当。 第四篇

本文中作者指出一些疾病，特别是心理疾病和精神疾病，用药物治疗只能缓解患者的症状，却不能根治疾病。

作者指出其实许多症状如头痛、消化不良等都可能是心理疾病的反映，应得到重视。 69. (A)

文章第三句作者说：例如一些主要治疗老年人的感情问题的精神科医生，他们只给老年人开一些抗抑郁的药物，但是却不能解决老年抑郁症的根本的问题。 70. (D)

第二段第一句作者说：现代医学界重要的争论之一就是医生，特别是心理医生，应该在多大程度上依靠用药物来“治愈”他们的患者。 71. (B)

第二段第二句作者说：问题还不只是因为一些药物没有得到足够的检验，有些可能还有副作用，而是因为医生们认为他们是在治疗患者的症状而不是治疗疾病本身而感到不安。 72. (D)

第二段第三句作者说：另一方面，一些精神医生却认为在许多情况下，如慢性抑郁症，在病人处于抑郁的状态的时候，也不可能解决疾病的根源问题。言外之意就是只能用药物来控制症状。 73. (C)

第二段倒数第二句作者说：通常一个很忙的家庭医生都会把头痛、消化不良以及背痛等归咎于身体的原因（而非心理的原因），因此按常规就开一些对症的药物。 74. (A)

最后一段作者说：一位医生最近指出一半以上去医生那儿看病的患者，不纯粹是身体的疾病。如果这是事实的话，

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那么情况确实很严重了。 第五篇

本文批评美国财政政策老化，立法滞后，特别是制订财政政策的议员们不懂经济，结果给经济发展带来了不良

的影响。 75. (D)

见内容介绍和全篇内容。 76. (B)

第三段第一句作者说：Morris是前曼哈顿蔡斯银行的总裁，他在他的新书?金钱、贪婪与风险?中详细地、一遍又一遍地指出财政政策的制订者们、立法人员、公司以及许多消费者是如何径直走向抵押贷款、现金、互助储蓄以及其他的一些投资灾难中去的。 77. (B)

第三段第二句作者说：Morris在书中讨论了第Q项财政规定。这项规定是60年代议会为挽救不良储蓄和贷款而制定的调解利率的政策。Morris不仅披露了制定该规定的议员们对经济一窍不通，而且还指出这种愚蠢的想法给实际经济带来了严重的伤害。 78. (A) 参见第77题。 79. (C)

文章的最后一句作者说：然而Morris先生本来应该注意到：管道是需要管道工来管理的，一个好的管道工可以保证房子里的管道运行良好，而一个差的管道工可能会把原来只滴滴答答漏水的管道弄得满地发大水。这里是指制定规定的人比规定本身更重要。 80. (D)

作者全文都是在批评财政政策制定中的问题。

第五部分 翻译

【英译汉】

人类的奇怪之处在于仍未学会以非战争的手段解决冲突。战争不仅给生命造成重点损失，而且加剧紧张局势。

尽管大国不愿意销毁大规模杀伤性武器的心理不一定导致冲突，但尖端武器的使用会给人类健康带来灾难。如果适者生存（或优胜劣汰）这一观念仍使用于国际社会，那么人类的文明就很可能遭到毁灭。我们不禁要问世界需要多上年才能彻底消灭战争。

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第一句2分。不可接受的译文：（1）把has yet to译成“还要”。（2）把other than 译成“而不是”。 第二句1分。

第三句3分，其中主句1分，从句2分。

第四句3分。不可接受的译文：（1）把chances译成“机会”。（2）把have his own civilization destroyed译成“让人毁灭”。（3）未译出“适者生存”。（4）把community译成“团体”或“社区”。 第五句1分。

【汉译英】

The application of world-leading technologies will make it possible for China to shake off poverty. Foreign visitors to

China are surprised to find that high-rises have sprung up in what used to be dirty and poor. What they see and hear leads them to the conclusion that not only is China far from backward, but well on the way to the well-off society.

第一句2分。不可接受的译文：（1）把“使中国有可能……”译成make China possible to ……

第二句4分。重点是be surprised to find that ……句型。可接受的译文：To the surprise of …, they find …… 第三句4分。重点是“使……得出的结论是……”的译法。

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