18.C 本句意为汽车的影响涉及整个经济。influence“影响”；affect是动词，不符合语法；running和notice不符合句意。

19.A.then B.as C.so D.which 19.B 这里as引导原因状语从句：因为汽车对美国人来说很重要，所以汽车制造影响到整个经济。

20.A.living B.running C.changing D.selling

20.B 最后一句是个总结。说的是既然汽车制造这么重要，那美国人做得最多的事就是让汽车不要停下来，也就是使汽车制造持续发展下去。因此B项running才是答案。 Ⅲ.阅读理解A

People

can

be

addicted

to(

沉

溺

于

)

different

things—e.g.alcohol,drug,certain foods,or even television.People who have such an addiction are compulsive(强迫的):they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.According to psychologists,many people are compulsive spenders.They feel that they must spend money.This compulsion,like most others,is impossible to explain reasonably.For compulsive spenders who buy on credit(以赊欠方式),charge accounts are even more exciting than money.In other words,compulsive spenders feel that with credit,they can do anything.Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting.To save money,of course,most people look for sales,low prices,and discounts.Compulsive bargain hunters,however,often buy things that they don’t need just because

they are cheap.They want to believe that they are helping their budgets(预算),but they are really playing an exciting game.When they can buy something for less than other people,they feel that they are winning.Most people,expertsclaim,have two reasons for their behavior:a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists,of course,who understand the psychology of spending habits,but also business people.Stores,companies,and advertisers use psychology to increase business.They consider people’s needs for love,power,or influence,their basic values,their beliefs and opinions,and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy(疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems.In the same way,they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

1.According to the psychologists,a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money .

A.and takes great pleasure from what he or she buyB.in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in lifeC.just to meet his or her strong psychological needD.and feels he or she is cheated

1.C 细节题。文章一开头便把主旨介绍得很清楚:人们可能会沉溺于做各种事,以满足自己的心理需求。

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A.People spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.

B.Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of people’s spending habits to increase sales.

C.Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do.

D.Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

2.B 事实判断题。由文章的第三段中“...use psychology to increase business”可知。

3.What is the text mainly about?A.The psychology of money

spending habits.

B.The habits of compulsive spenders.

C.A special psychology of bargain hunting.

D.The use of the psychology of spending habits in business.

3.A 概括大意题。全文通过两类人的购物事例来说明人们在购物时的一些特殊心理需求。

4.From the text we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters _________.A.are really unreasonable B.need special treatmentC.are really beyond drugs

D.can never get any help to solve their problems with money4.B 心理学家用“行为疗法”来帮助有消费心理问题的人。 B

As children grow up,they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies,they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers.Then they become interested in the physical world around them:the plants,the animals,the sky.Later,they become interested in the things that people have made:wheels,bicycles,cars.And when they are adults,their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to

a career(生涯、职业) in science.

Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth,the oceans,and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological sciences.A

third

group

of

scientists

study

the

physical

sciences,e.g.physics,chemistry.

These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example,they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet,your heart normally beats sixty

five or seventy

five

times a minute.Your heart is a pump(泵) that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run,your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the blood carries to them.The muscles need oxygen,too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.

Of course,scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask,“Why does the ocean water taste salty?” scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold,it cracks.Rain falls into cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers carry the salt into the ocean.But then we ask,“What happens to the salt in the ocean?The ocean does not get saltier every year.”Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.

We know a lot about our world,but there are still many answers that we do not have,and we are curious.

5.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?A.People are curious in the same way.