Unit1
New words
tedious
a.
boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的
Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。
oblige
vt.
(usu. passive) make sb. feel that it is necessary to do sth. 迫使；使负有义务
He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。
absorbed
a.
so interested or involved in sth. that you do not notice anything else 极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的
Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。
allergic
a.
1 (be ~ to sth.) (infml.) if you are allergic to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it 不喜欢某事；对某事反感
Most men are allergic to housework. 大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。 2 having an allergy 过敏的
I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass. 我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。
excursion
n.
[C] a short journey you take for pleasure 短途出行；远足
It was such a wonderful day that they decided to take a day excursion to the mountain. 这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。
Included in the Beijing tour is an excursion to the Great Wall. 北京之行包括了游览长城。
earnest
a.
very serious and sincere 非常认真的；郑重其事的
At the office he was very earnest, but he‘s more relaxed now. 在办公室他很认真，但是现在他放松多了。
Frank is an earnest man; he works hard and is also very reliable. 弗兰克是一个认真的人，他工作努力，也很可靠。
exclaim
v.
say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, anger, or excitement （由于惊奇、气愤或激动）呼喊，惊叫
Susan exclaimed horror when a young man with a gun suddenly appeared from behind her. 当一名年轻男子突然持枪从苏珊背后出现时，她害怕得惊叫起来。
whoa
interj.
said to show that you are surprised or that you think sth. is impressive 哎呀，哇（表示惊讶或认为某事物令人赞叹）
civilization
n.
[C, U] a society that is well organized and developed, used esp. about a particular society in a particular place or at a particular time 文明（社会）
architecture
n. [U]
1 the style and design of a building or buildings 建筑风格；建筑式样 2 the art and practice of planning and designing buildings 建筑学
capture
vt.
1 succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation or feeling, using words or
pictures （用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉
Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture a fleeting expression. 有些艺术家能画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。
The robbery was captured on a police video camera. 抢劫过程被警方的摄像机拍录了下来。
2 catch a person and keep them as a prisoner 俘虏；逮捕
Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。
condense
vt.
make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 将（讲话或文章）压缩
The whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。
condensed
a.
being made shorter, usu. including only the most important parts 压缩的
The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington. 该理事会得到的只是已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。
exceed
vt.
(fml.) be more than a particular number or amount 超过；超出
You‘ll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance. 如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。
distress
n.
[U] a feeling of extreme unhappiness 忧虑；苦恼；悲伤
She had five years of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without much pain or distress from cancer. 她过世前在医院过了五年积极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症而遭受多大的痛苦或忧伤。
distinguish
v.
recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别
A formal education with emphasis on history, literature, and culture helps a person learn how to distinguish right from wrong. 着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。
distinctive
a.
easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type 与众不同的；特殊的；特别的
The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。
complimentary
a.
1 given free to people 免费赠送的
All guests will receive a complimentary bottle of champagne. 所有客人都将得到一瓶免费的香槟。
2 saying that you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的；钦佩的
Mrs. Stevens was most complimentary about your work. 史蒂文斯夫人盛赞你的工作。
complementary
a.
complementary things go well together although they are usu. different 互为补充的；互补的
The economies of the two countries are complementary to one another in nature. 两国经济具有互补性。
bulk
n.
[U] (the ~ of sth.) the majority or largest part of sth. （某物的）大部分，多半
Because the bulk of the work was supervised by the owner, the overall cost is difficult to assess. 因为大部分的工作是由业主监督，总体成本很难去评估。
Buying in bulk is more economical than shopping for small quantities. 大批量采购比小批量更经济。
criticism
n.
[C, U] remarks that say what you think is bad about sb. or sth. 批评；批判；指责
deficit
n. [C]
1 a lack of a quality, skill, or ability that you should have （素质、技能或能力的）缺乏，不足
knowledge/language/sleep deficit 知识/语言/睡眠的缺乏
2 the amount by which sth. is less than you need or should have 赤字；亏损；逆差 Owing to the heavy deficit, the company is apparently on the verge of bankruptcy. 由于巨额亏损，该公司很明显已到了破产的边缘。
Tax was low and state spending was high, which resulted in a budget deficit. 低税收和州政府的高支出导致了预算赤字。
dumb
a.
(infml.) stupid 愚蠢的
The questions were set up just to make her look dumb. 问题这么设计就是为了让她出丑。
grocery
n.
1 [C] (also ~ store) (AmE supermarket) a store selling food and other goods 超级市场 2 (~ies) [pl.] food and other goods 食品杂货
stationary
a.
standing still instead of moving 不（移）动的；静止的
Stationary cars in traffic jams caused a great deal of pollution. 交通堵塞中静止不动的汽车产生了大量污染。
stationery
n.
[U] materials used for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils, etc. 文具
We regret that we are unable to accept telephone orders for personal stationery items. 很遗憾，我们不能接受个人文具用品的电话订购。
pad
n. [C]
1 several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing or drawing 便笺本；拍纸簿 2 a thick flat object made of cloth or rubber, used to protect or clean sth., or to make sth. more comfortable 垫；衬垫；护垫
album
n.
[C] a book that you put photographs, stamps, etc. in （收存照片、邮票等的）簿，册
proclaim
vt.
(fml.) say publicly or officially that sth. important is true or exists 宣称；宣布；声明 Britain proudly proclaims that it is a nation of animal lovers. 英国自豪地宣称自己是一个爱护动物的国家。
scandal
n.
1 [sing.] a situation that shocks you and makes you angry, esp. one that you think sb. in authority should change （尤指当局本应改变的）令人震惊的事，引起愤慨的事 It is a scandal that a person can be stopped by the police for no reason. 警察竟可以毫无理由地拦人，这很令人震惊。
2 [C] an event in which sb., esp. sb. important, behaves in a bad way that shocks people （尤指牵涉知名人士的）丑闻，丑事
The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later. 那位官员卷入了一桩丑闻，几个星期后被迫辞职。
thrust
v.
(thrust, thrust) push sth. somewhere roughly 猛推；猛塞
She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her. 对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。
proficiency
n.
[U] a good standard of ability and skill 熟练；精通
Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirements. 具备基本的英语技能是入学要求的一部分。
moreover
ad.
(fml.) in addition — used to introduce information that adds to or supports what has previously been said 而且；再者；此外
Moreover, they become more concerned about their health as they grow older. 此外，随着年龄的增长，他们更加关注自己的健康。
evidently
ad.
used for saying that sth. is obviously true 明显地；显然
She should have been here two hours ago, so she‘s evidently decided not to come after all. 她两小时以前就应该到这儿了，所以她显然决定不来了。
Although Miss Smith was evidently not very well, she continued working throughout the summer. 虽然史密斯小姐身体很明显不适，可是她还是坚持工作了一个夏天。
exposure
n.
1 [sing., U] the chance to experience new ideas, ways of life, etc. 接触；体验
Exposure to a second language should take place in elementary school. 孩子们应该从小学就开始接触第二语言。
For as yet unknown reasons, I had come through five years of exposure to a fatal virus without being infected. 由于某种未知的原因，我与一种致命的病毒接触了五年却相安无事，没被感染。
2 [U] when sb. is in a situation where they are not protected from sth. dangerous or unpleasant 暴露
The doctor told Penny that too much exposure to the sun is bad for the skin and may cause cancer. 医生对彭妮说在太阳底下晒太久对皮肤有害，可能会致癌。
adequate
a.
enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose 足够的；充分的；合乎需要的
People accused the governor of failing to take adequate measures which could have prevented the disaster. 人们指责该州长对本来可以避免的灾难没有采取充分的措施。
adequately
ad.
足够地；充分地
Some students are not adequately prepared for higher education. 有的学生没有充分地准备好接受高等教育。
competent
a.
having enough skills or knowledge to do sth. to a satisfactory standard 合格的；能干的 My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesn‘t have much patience. 我的秘书非常能干，但是她没有多少耐心。
jerk
n.
[C] a sudden quick movement 猛的一动；猝然一动
The old bus started with a jerk, so the passengers shook all of a sudden. 那辆旧的公共汽车猛地一动，车上的乘客都突然摇晃了一下。
jerky
a.
moving roughly with many starts and stops （在行进中）不平稳的，颠簸的
After the bus came to a jerky halt, the passengers got off the bus hurriedly. 公共汽车颠簸着停下来以后，乘客们都匆忙下车了。
function
n.
[C, U] the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does （事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责
One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with their places in
society.教育的主要职能之一是帮助未来的公民在社会上找到自己的位置。 vi.
work or operate in the correct way 正常工作；正常运转
If the Internet stopped functioning, the consequent losses could be measured in tens of billions of dollars. 如果因特网停止运作，由此产生的损失可用数百亿美元来衡量。
span
n.
[C] a period of time between two dates or events （两个日期或事件之间的）时距，期间 Property gained within the span of marriage such as salary is considered jointly owned property. 婚姻存续期间获得的财产，如工资，都视为夫妻共同财产。
The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. 美国人的平均寿命现在超过了74年。
scratch
n. [C]
1 (from ~) from a point where nothing has been there, so you have to do everything yourself 从零开始；从头开始；白手起家
It may be the first time in years when you have had to start from scratch making new friends. 这可能是多年来的第一次你不得不从头开始结交新朋友。
2 a thin mark or cut on the surface of sth. or on sb.‘s skin （物件或皮肤上的）刮痕，划痕 The scratch on the watch was almost too minute to see. 手表上的划痕几乎小得看不见。
tune
vt.
1 (also ~ up) make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible 调整，调节（发动机）使达到最佳状态
In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up. 为了保证司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。 2 make small changes to a musical instrument so that it will produce the correct notes 为（乐器）调音，定弦
Someone is coming tomorrow to tune the piano. 明天会有人来给钢琴调音。
adjust
v.
change or move sth. slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose 调整；调节
The figures have been adjusted for inflation. 数据因通货膨胀而作了调整。 vi.
get used to a new situation by changing your ideas or the way you do things 适应 He soon adjusted to army life. 他很快就适应了军队生活。
destination
n.
[C] the place that sb. or sth. is going to 目的地；终点
Not only did he help me find the right bus, he also accompanied me to my destination and paid the entrance fee to the museum. 他不但帮我找到了正确的公车，还陪我到达了目的地，并为我支付了进入博物馆的门票。
precise
a.
exact, clear and correct 精确的；准确的
In preparing scientific reports, a student should explain his findings in precise language. 在准备科学报告时，学生应该用精确的语言来解释他的发现。
beneficial
a.
having a good effect 有利的；有帮助的；有用的
The researcher is attempting to show how parents can have beneficial conversations with their children. 这位研究者正试图示范父母可以如何跟他们的孩子展开有益的对话。
asset
n.
1 [C] a major benefit 有利条件；长处
Knowing a foreign language is an important skill, a major social and business asset that will bring new life to the worlds of travel and entertainment. 懂外语是一门重要的技能，是促进社交和商贸的一个有利条件，它会给旅游和娱乐业带来新的生机。
2 [C, usu. pl.] the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts 资产；财产 In addition to the money in a bank account, my assets include my house, my car, and my furniture. 除了银行账户里的钱以外，我的资产还包括房子、车子和家具。
sour
a.
having a sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon or a fruit that is not ready to be eaten 酸的
In my mouth I have a sour, vinegar taste coming from the pit of my stomach. 在我的嘴里有从胃中返出的醋酸味。
subjunctive
a.
used in grammar to express doubt, wishes, etc. （语法中的）虚拟语气的 n.
（语法中的）虚拟语气
Please notice the subjunctive mood used in the sentence. 请注意在句子中的虚拟语气。
Phrases and expressions
be/feel obliged to do sth.
if you are obliged to do sth., you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty, etc. makes it necessary （因形势、法律、义务等关系而）非做不可，迫使
I think Valentine‘s Day is a waste of time, but I still feel obliged to send my wife a card. 我觉得情人节是在浪费时间，但我还是觉得有义务送贺卡给我妻子。
get/be serious about
if you are serious about sth., you really mean it and are not joking or pretending 对…是认真的；并非开玩笑的
When you are staying with your roommates, you cannot get too serious about privacy. 你和你的室友相处的时候，不能太计较隐私。
run into sb.
(infml.) meet sb. by chance 偶然遇见某人
You forgot all about your cousin‘s birthday until you suddenly ran into her today. 要不是你今天偶然遇见了你表姐，你已全然忘记了她的生日。
fresh from
having just come from a particular place or experience 刚从…来的；刚有…经历的 School principals should not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children. 学校的校长不应该指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对
付的孩子。
I‘ve returned to the office, fresh from New York. 我刚从纽约回来，现已回到了办公室。
distinguish between
recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people 区分；辨别
The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the writer‘s opinions or interpretations. 批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实、什么是作者自己的看法或解释的能力。
Some Christians do not want to distinguish between what are facts and what is myth. 一些基督徒不想辨别什么是事实，什么是神话。
nail sth. down
1 fasten sth. to sth. else with nails 钉；将某物钉牢
Will you nail down that loose board in the floor? 请把那块松动的地板钉牢好吗？ 2 (infml.) reach a final and definite agreement or decision about sth. 最终确定；对某事作出定论
Two days isn‘t enough to nail down the details of an agreement. 要把协议的所有细节都确定下来，两天的时间是不够的。
thrust sth. upon sb.
(usu. passive) force sb. to do or accept sth. 迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事 She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her. 对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。
get/feel/be lost
be unable to understand sth. because it is new, difficult, complicated, etc. 迷惘；困惑；不知所措
When you read faster, your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lost in the words, you see the general picture. 当你快速阅读的时候，理解力会上升，因为你看到的是一个整体画面，而没有拘泥于单个词汇。
become/be attracted to sth.
become/be interested in sth. 对某事/物产生兴趣
out of curiosity
because of curiosity 出于好奇
She decided to follow him out of curiosity. 出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。
look upon sb./sth. as
consider sb. or sth. in a particular way, or as a particular thing 把某人/某物看作 We had established a general opinion which looked upon corruption in public office as a threat to society. 我们达成了一个共识：把公职腐败视为对社会的威胁。
We should learn to be caring and considerate and look upon everyone in the world as our brothers and sisters. 我们应该学会关心体贴, 把世界上的每个人都看作是我们的兄弟姐妹。
be equipped with sth.
be provided with the things that are needed for a particular kind of activity or work 以…为装备；配备…
All dormitory rooms are equipped with high speed Internet access. 宿舍所有的房间都配备了高速互联网。
The rooms are equipped with video cameras. 房间里都装了摄像机。
swell with pride/anger, etc.
feel extremely proud/angry, etc. 洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等
Her heart swelled with pride as she stood watching her daughter win the race. 当她站在那儿看到女儿赢得比赛时，内心充满了骄傲。
Unit2
New words
accounting
n.
[U] the work of accountants or the methods they use 会计；会计学
Students‘ major objective is to be financially well off. Accordingly, today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. 学生的主要目的是在经济上富裕。因此，当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计。
calculate
vt.
1 make a judgment about what is likely to happen using the available information 估计；预测；推测
It‘s difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law. 这些法律上的变化带来的长期影响是难以预测的。
2 find out how much sth. will cost, how long sth. will take, etc. by using numbers 计算；核算
Nowadays the accountants in enterprises use computers to calculate the cost of production with accuracy. 如今，企业财会人员利用电脑来计算准确的生产成本。
boost
vt.
increase or improve sth. to make it more successful 促进；推动；使兴旺
Some countries hope that warmer weather and more rain will boost their farm output. 一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。
prospect
n.
[C, U] sth. that is possible or likely to happen in the future, or the possibility itself 可能的事情；很可能发生的事情；前景
Career prospects in science and technology are virtually unlimited. 科技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。
defect
vi.
leave a country, political party, or organization to go to another one 背叛；叛逃 He defected from the party in the late 1970s. 他在20世纪70年代后期背叛了该党。 n.
[C] a fault in sb. or sth. 缺点；欠缺；不足之处
Stammering is probably an inherited defect. 口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。
applied
a.
(usu. before noun) used for describing educational subjects when they are studied for
their practical uses （学科）应用的，实用的
Industry leaders want scientists to engage in basic research, not applied research. 产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究，而不是应用研究。
As an applied scientist, he does not wish to get mixed up in the current discussion of pure mathematics. 作为一个应用科学家，他不希望与目前讨论的纯数学混淆。
bet (bet, bet)
vt.
be fairly sure that sth. is true, that sth. will happen, etc., although you can‘t prove this 肯定 I bet the train will be late. 我敢打赌，列车会晚点。 v.
risk money on the result of a race, game, competition or other future event 下赌注；与…打赌
I bet my life that he will take my money and leave. 我敢用我的命打赌，他将拿着我的钱离开。
persist
vi.
1 (fml.) continue to exist 继续存在；持续
If the bad weather persists, the farmers will suffer great losses this year. 如果恶劣天气持续，农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。
2 continue to do sth., although this is difficult, or other people oppose it 坚持；执意 Students must persist in their efforts if they wish to do well. 学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力。
accelerate
v.
happen or make sth. happen at a faster rate （使）加快；促进
Human activities can cause or accelerate permanent changes in natural systems. 人类的活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。
succession
n.
[sing.] a series of people or things of the same type 一连串，一系列（同类型的人或物）
After graduation he took a succession of low-paid jobs. 毕业后他干了一连串报酬低微的工作。
liberal
a.
1 (~ arts) school or college subjects that give students a general education and teach them to think rather than those subjects that develop practical skills 文科
The liberal arts are college or university subjects such as history, languages and literature but not sciences. 文科是学院或大学的如历史、语言和文学之类的学习科目，而不是理科学科。
2 accepting different opinions and ways of behaving and tending to be sympathetic to other people 心胸宽广的；开明的
She is known to have liberal views on divorce. 人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点。
logical
a.
connecting ideas or reasons in a sensible way 合乎逻辑的；合理的
It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. 脱离熟悉的环境时，人们会感到迷失方向，这样想是符合逻辑的。 Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted. 只有当其他数学家检查了每一个合乎逻辑的步骤后，这个证据才会被接受。
bound
a.
(~ to) sth. that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen 一定的；几乎肯定的 The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天的天气肯定更好。
dominant
a.
more important, powerful, or successful than the other people or things of the same type 有优势的；占统治地位的
Unemployment rate will be the dominant issue at the next president election. 失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。
pillar
n. [C]
1 a very important part of a system of beliefs or ideas （信仰或思想）非常重要的部分 Equality is one of the pillars of a stable society. 平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。 IBM's three pillars of business wisdom are service, people, and perfection. IBM其商业智慧的三大支柱是服务、人员、和完美。
2 a thick strong upright post that supports part of a building 柱子；支柱 Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof. 八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。
vivid
a.
having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind 清晰的；生动的 He gave a very vivid and often shocking account of his time in prison. 他描述了他在监狱的往事，非常生动，也非常令人震惊。
compel
vt.
force sb. to do sth. 强迫；迫使
As a school boy, he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. 当他还是一个在校的小男孩时，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。
compelling
a.
interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely 有强烈吸引力的；引人入胜的
Steve Jobs‘ life makes a compelling story. 史蒂夫·乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。
promote
vt.
support or encourage sth. 支持；鼓励；提倡
To acknowledge other cultures will promote good will among people of different backgrounds. 承认别人的文化会促进不同背景的人之间的友好亲善。
speculate
v.
consider or discuss why sth. has happened 思索；沉思；推测；猜测
Archeologists speculate that people first reached the islands over 1,000 years ago. 考古学家们推测人类第一次到达这些岛屿是在一千多年前。
Scientists can only speculate on life on other planets. 科学家只能推测生活在其他行星上的生命。
mystery
n.
[C, usu. sing.] sth. that you are not able to understand, explain, or get information about 不可思议的事物；无法解释的事物；谜
No one had ever been able to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. 从来没有人能够解释百慕大三角之谜。
destruction
n.
[U] damage that is so severe that sth. stops existing or can never return to its normal state 毁灭；摧毁；破坏
The destruction caused by too many wars and the death of millions of people shook the foundation of Western idealism. 太多的战争所造成的破坏和数以百万计人的死亡动摇了西方理想主义的基础。
self-destruction
n.
[U] the practice of deliberately doing things that are likely to seriously harm or kill yourself 自残；自毁
unconscious
a.
relating to or coming from the part of your mind in which there are thoughts and feelings that you do not realize you have 潜意识的；下意识的；无意识的
I don‘t know if he noticed my unconscious desire. 我不知他是否注意到我潜意识的愿望。
destructive
a.
causing severe damage or harm 破坏性的；毁灭性的
Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. 缺乏信任在人际关系中是很具有破坏性的。
architect
n.
[C] sb. whose job is to design buildings 建筑师
He is the architect of this building, and he‘s always on the construction site. 他是这个大楼的建筑师，他总出现在施工现场。
philosopher
n.
[C] sb. who studies and tries to explain the meaning of things such as life, knowledge, or beliefs 哲学家；哲人
Plato was a Greek philosopher. 柏拉图是古希腊哲学家。
landscape
n. [C]
1 a photograph or painting showing an area of countryside or land 风景照；风景画 Adams is well-known for his landscapes of Yosemite National Park. 亚当斯以他所作的优胜美地国家公园风景画而闻名。
2 an area of land that is beautiful to look at or has a particular type of appearance （陆上的）风景，景致，景色
The landscape is dotted with the tents of campers. 露营者的帐篷点缀了风景。
fertile
a.
1 able to produce good ideas or results 富有成果的；富有想象力的 A poet must have a fertile imagination. 诗人必须有丰富的想象力。 2 able to produce good crops or plants （土地）肥沃的，富饶的
Fertile soil helps Canada rank among the world‘s leading wheat producers. 肥沃的土壤帮助加拿大跻身世界主要小麦生产国。
elegant
a.
1 very intelligent yet simple （想法或计划）巧妙的，简洁的
The document impressed me with its elegant simplicity. 该文件给我留下了精辟简明的深刻印象。
Professor Freud was impressed with the elegant simplicity of his student‘s essay. 弗洛伊德教授对他学生的典雅古朴的短文留下了深刻的印象。
2 beautiful, attractive and graceful 优美的；高雅的
Patricia looked beautiful and elegant as always. 帕特里夏看上去总是那么美丽优雅。
analysis
n.
[C, U] a process of studying or examining sth. in detail in order to understand it or explain it 分析
I am interested in Clare‘s analysis of the situation in China. 我对克莱尔对中国形势的分析很感兴趣。
spectacular
a.
extremely impressive 引人入胜的；非常壮观的
There was a spectacular sunset last night. 昨晚的日落极其壮观。
brand
n.
[C] a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company 品牌；商标
The Beatles are probably one of the most spectacular brands of musicians in the world. 披头士可能是全世界音乐界里最吸引人的品牌之一了。
?Coca Cola‘ is probably the most widely recognized brand name around the world. ―可口可乐‖可能是世界上最广泛认可的品牌名称。
invest
v.
use your money with the aim of making a profit from it 投资
He invested all our profits in gold shares. 他把我们所有的利润都投资进了黄金股。
insight
n.
1 [U] the ability to notice and understand a lot about people or situations 洞察力；领悟力 It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insight into human nature. 这是一本有趣的书，充满了对人性绝妙的洞察力。
2 [C, U] a sudden clear understanding of sth., esp. sth. complicated 顿悟；洞悉；见解
Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a teenager‘s curiosity. 她的研究使我们顿悟到什么会引起青少年的好奇心。
thereby
ad.
(fml.) because of or by means of what has just been mentioned 因此；从而；借此 We started our journey early, thereby avoiding most of the traffic. 我们早早地开始了我们的旅程，从而避开了交通堵塞的高峰期。
scope
n.
[U] the range of things that a particular activity, organization, subject, etc. deals with （活动、机构或学术）范围
undertake
vt.
(undertook, undertaken) agree to be responsible for a job or project and do it 承担；着手做
Dr. Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary. 约翰逊博士着手写一本详尽的英语词典。
candidate
n.
[C] sb. who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election 候选人 One US corporation offered a large sum of money in support of a US presidential candidate at a time when the company was under investigation. 一个美国公司在接受调查期间为某个美国总统候选人提供了大量的金钱支持。
breakthrough
n.
[C] a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot of hard work 突破；重大发现；重大成就
Scientists have made more than one major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 科学家在治疗癌症方面取得了不止一个重大突破。
barrier
n.
[C] anything that prevents progress or makes it difficult for sb. to achieve sth. 障碍 The new president advocated the removal of trade barriers for his country. 那位新总统主张为他的国家消除贸易壁垒。
liable
a.
(be ~ to do sth.) likely to do sth. in a particular way because of a fault or tendency 可能（易于）做某事的
Many parts of the country are liable to suffer from flooding. 该国的许多地方易遭水灾。 The car is liable to overheat on long trips. 这辆汽车跑长途（发动机）容易过热。
establishment
n.
[U] the process of starting or creating sth. such as an organization 建立；创立；设立 We support their struggle for the establishment of a new international economic order. 我们支持他们为建立国际经济新秩序而斗争。
dean
n.
[C] a senior official at a college or university 院长；系主任；教务长
sole
a.
(only before noun) the only one of a particular type 唯一的；仅有的
The sole purpose of his trip was to attend a concert at Carnegie Hall. 他此行的唯一目的是参加在卡内基音乐厅举行的一场音乐会。
solely
ad.
involving nothing except the person or thing mentioned 只；唯一地；仅仅
Scholarships are given solely on the basis of financial need. 奖学金的颁发只根据财务需要。
reservoir
n. [C]
1 a large quantity of sth. that can be used 积蓄；储备
Colleges are a reservoir of talents for companies. 大学是企业的人才库。
2 an artificial or natural lake where water is stored so that it can be supplied to the houses in an area （人造的）水库；（天然）蓄水湖
If it rains heavily, the reservoir will overflow. 如果下大雨，水库里的水将会溢出来。
outstanding
a.
extremely good or impressive 杰出的；出众的；显著的
His performance in charitable activities was outstanding. 在公益活动方面, 他的表现非常出色。
Phrases and expressions
major in
(AmE) study sth. as your main subject at college or university 主修（某一）科目 The high demand for persons with knowledge about computers is why I chose to major in computer science at the university. 对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。
in succession
happening one after the other without anything different happening in between 连续发生地；接连发生地
She is an accomplished athlete and won the championship four times in succession. 她是一名成功的运动员，连续四次获得冠军。
stand up for
support or defend a person or an idea when they are being attacked 支持；保卫；维护 Mary stood up for me at the meeting, sparing me some embarrassment. 玛丽在会议上支持了我，使我免受了一些尴尬。
We should be ready at all times to stand up for truth. 我们应该随时准备捍卫真理。
speculate about/on
make guesses about the possible causes or effects of sth. without knowing all the facts or details 猜测；推测
It is too early to speculate about the outcome of the negotiations between the workers union and the company‘s leadership. 要推测工会和公司管理层之间的谈判结果，还为时过早。
capture one’s imagination
make sb. feel very interested in sth. 引起某人的想象；吸引某人的注意
in the form of
in the way sth. is or appears to be 以…形式；以…方式
They received a benefit in the form of a tax reduction. 他们通过减税的方式获益。
a/the body of sth.
a large amount or mass of sth., esp. sth. that has been collected 大量的某物
Acquiring a language is learning a skill, not collecting a body of information. 学语言是学习技能，而不是获取大量的信息。
invest sb./sth. with sth.
(fml.) give sb. or sth. a particular quality 赋予（某人或某物）以（某种性质）
Nature has invested these animals with a capacity for not showing fear. 自然界赋予了这些动物不显露恐惧的本领。
in a … manner
in the way in which sth. is done or happens 以…方式；以…方法
in favor of
supporting a person or an idea, proposal, etc. that you believe is right 支持；赞同 Congress has decided in favor of a $200 million housing development. 美国国会已决定赞成一个两亿美元发展住房的计划。
prepare … for …
make sb. ready and able to deal with a future event 使…做好准备（应对未来）
We now need to prepare them for the digital economy. 我们现在需要让他们为数码经济做好准备。
in the company of
in sb.‘s company; with sb. 和某人在一起
She caught sight of her grandson, in the company of three other boys of similar age, going into the narrow alley which led to the railway. 她看见她的孙子与其他三个年龄相仿的男孩一起，进入了那条通向铁路的狭窄小巷。
Unit3
New words
odyssey
n. [C]
1 a series of experiences that teach you sth. about yourself or about life 对人生有教益的一连串经历；艰难历程
2 a long journey with a lot of adventures or difficulties 漫长的历险旅程
phase
n.
[C] one of the stages of a process of development or change 阶段；时期
As times are changing, we‘re entering a new phase in international relations. 随着时代的变化，我们正进入国际关系的新阶段。
label
vt.
attach a label onto sth. or write information on sth. 贴标签于；用标签标明
Mom carefully labeled each jar with its content and the date. 妈妈仔细地在每个罐子上标明盛装物和日期。 n. [C]
a piece of paper or other material which gives you information about the object it is fixed to 标签
Remember to put your address labels on your suitcase. 记得在你的箱子上系上你的地址标签。
parallel
vt.
1 be equal or similar to sth. 与…相当或相似
His career parallels that of his father. 他的事业和他父亲的有相似之处。
My best friend‘s experiences parallel mine in many instances. 我最要好朋友的经历在许多情况下都与我的相似。
2 be the same distance apart at every point along their whole length 与…平行 The stream parallels the road for several miles. 小溪与这条路平行数英里。
adolescence
n.
[U] the time, usu. between the ages of 12 and 18, when a young person is developing into an adult 青春期
This is another novel about the joys and sorrows of adolescence. 这是另一本有关青春期的欢乐与悲伤的小说。
peculiar
a.
1 if sth. is peculiar to a particular person, place, or situation, it is a feature that only belongs to that person, or only exists in that place or situation 为某人/某地/某事物所特有的
He likes to do things in his own peculiar way/manner/fashion. 他喜欢用自己特有的方法/方式做事。
This interesting and fascinating custom is peculiar to these tribes. (When peculiar used in this sense, it is often followed by a preposition to.) 这个有趣和迷人的习俗为这些部落所特有。
2 strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising 奇怪的；异常的
That young woman, wearing a man‘s hat, looks somewhat peculiar. 那位年轻女子戴着一顶男人的帽子，看起来有点奇怪。
acquaint
vt.
(fml.) give sb. information about sth. 介绍；使认识；使了解
Please acquaint us with your plans as soon as possible. 请尽快将你的计划告诉我们。
previous
a.
(only before noun) having happened or existed before the event, time, or thing that you are talking about now 以前的；先前的
He has two daughters from a previous marriage. 他在前一次婚姻中育有两个女儿。
induction
n.
[C, U] the introduction of sb. into a new job, company, official position, etc., or the ceremony at which this is done 就职；入门；就职仪式
Mrs. Simpson is responsible for the induction of the new library stuff. 辛普森太太负责图书馆新职员的入职。
Lung cancer is closely linked to the habit of smoking and has a long induction period. 肺癌与吸烟的习惯是密切相关的，它有一个很长的诱导期。
sensible
a.
reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment 合理的；切合实际的；明智的 It would be sensible to take an umbrella with you since there are dark clouds in the sky. 因为天空已乌云密布，你带一把伞是明智的。
A sensible person will not drive excessively fast as such risky behavior may result in accidents. 一个明智的人不会开车过快，因为这种危险的行为可能会造成车祸。
equivalent
a.
having the same value, purpose, job, etc. as a person or thing of a different kind 等值的；同等的；相当的
His silence is equivalent to an approval. 他的沉默等于同意。 n.
[C] sth. that has the same value, size, etc. as sth. else 等价物；等同物；对应物 This car is too expensive for me; it costs the equivalent of a whole year‘s salary of mine. 这辆车对我来说太贵了，它相当于我全年的工资。
so-called
a.
(only before noun) used to show that sth. or sb. is usu. called a particular name 如此称呼的；号称的
They‘ve found the flight recorder, the so-called black box. 他们发现了飞行记录器，即所谓的黑匣子。
radical
a.
1 used for saying that a change or way of doing sth. is new and very different from the usual way （改变或方式）彻底的，根本的
To work within our budget, we need to make some radical changes to our operating procedures. 为了配合预算，我们对操作程序需要作一些根本的改变。
2 used for saying that an idea is very new and different, and against what most people think or believe 激进的；前卫的
There is political tension between radical and conservative politicians. 激进与保守的政客之间政治关系紧张。
agenda
n.
[C] all the things that need to be done or that need to be thought or solved 日常工作事项 There are no excursions or sightseeing trips on his agenda. It‘s just work, work, work. 他的日常工作事项中没有短途出行或观光，除了工作还是工作。
quit
v.
(infml.) leave a job, school, etc., esp. without completely finishing it 离开（工作岗位、学校等）；离任；离校
The majority of smokers say that they would like to quit smoking. 大多数的吸烟者说他们是想戒烟的。
To quit the job will get me into financial trouble. 辞掉这份工作会让我陷入财务困境。
shift
v.
move from one place or position to another or make sth. do this （使）移动；（使）转移（地点或位置）
The wind is expected to shift to the east tomorrow. 预计明天风会向东转移。 n.
[C] a change in the way people think about sth., in the way sth. is done, etc. （想法、做法等的）改变
The company reacted quickly to shifts in consumer demand. 该公司对消费者需求的变化反应迅速。
prior
a.
(fml.) happening, existing, or done before a particular time 先前的；之前的；事先的 Illegally parked cars may be removed at any time without prior notice. 违章停放的车辆随时会被挪走，无需事先告知。
frame
vt.
(fml.) carefully plan the way you‘re going to ask a question, make a statement, etc. （小心措辞以）表达
She wondered how she was going to frame the question. 她不知道怎么来提这个问题。 The judge instructed the lawyer to frame his questions differently. 法官让律师用不同的方式发问。 n.
[C] a structure made of wood, metal, plastic, etc. that surrounds sth. such as a picture or window, and holds it in place 框架；边框
The wind rattled through the cracks of the window frames. 风穿过窗框的裂缝咯咯作响。
spouse
n.
[C] (fml.) a husband or wife 配偶
People can never be too careful when they choose a spouse. 人们在选择配偶时要格外谨慎。
stability
n.
[U] a situation in which things happen as they should and there are no harmful changes 稳固；稳定
In order to prosper, a country must have political, economic and social stability. 为实现繁荣昌盛，一个国家必须在政治、经济和社会上保持稳定。
static
a.
not moving, changing, or developing 不动的；不变化的；不发展的；静（止）的 Although oil prices never remain static, they have, at least, been stable for the last few months. 虽然油价不会保持不变，但至少在过去的几个月中是一直保持稳定的。
proportion
n.
[C, usu. sing.] (~ of) a part of a number or amount, considered in relation to the whole 部分；份额
It is a sad reality that children make up a large proportion of the world‘s population who suffers from hunger. 儿童占世界上遭受饥饿人口的很大部分，这是一个悲哀的现实。
saddle
v.
put a saddle on a horse 给（马）装鞍具；装上马鞍
Why don‘t we saddle a couple of horses and go for a ride? 我们为什么不给几匹马装上鞍具去跑一圈呢？
If you saddle a horse, you put a saddle on it so that you can ride it. 如果你给马装鞍，你就在马上放一个马鞍，这样你就可以骑它了。 n.
[C] a seat, often made of leather, used on a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, etc. 马鞍；（自行车、摩托车等的）车座
When I watch horse racing on television, I wish I was back in the saddle. 我在电视上观看赛马时，我希望自己又回到了马鞍上。
heir
n.
[C] the person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they die 继承人
The king‘s eldest son is the heir to the royal seat of power. 国王的长子是王位的权力继承人。
Although Prince Charles is the rightful heir to Queen Elizabeth‘s seat of throne, he may never become king of the U.K. 虽然查尔斯王子是伊丽莎白女王合法的王位继承人，但他可能永远不会成为英国国王。
rebel
n.
[C] sb. who opposes or fights against people in authority 造反者；反叛者
A Red Cross car drove into the rebel territory to help the wounded. 红十字会的车开进反叛军的领土去帮助伤员。 vi.
oppose sb. in authority or oppose accepted ways of doing things 造反；反抗（权威或常规） The people rebelled against the harsh new government. 人民反抗苛刻的新政府。
rebellious
a.
deliberately not obeying people in authority or rules of behavior 叛逆的；反叛的；反抗的 Her teachers regard her as a rebellious, trouble-making girl, but in fact she never causes any trouble. 她的老师认为她是一个有逆反心理、且会制造麻烦的女孩，可事实上她从来都不会惹麻烦。
resent
vt.
feel angry or upset because you think you have been treated unfairly or without enough respect 对…感到愤恨（不满）
The young girl bitterly resented her father‘s new wife. 这个年轻女孩极为憎恨父亲的新妻子。
fluid
a.
likely to change 不固定的；易变的
The military situation is still very fluid. 军事局势仍然非常不确定。
The price of raw oil is always very fluid, and the cost of gasoline tends to go either rapidly up or slowly down. 原油的价格始终非常易变，汽油的成本趋于迅速上涨或缓慢下降。 n.
[C, U] a liquid 液（体）
If you have a fever you should drink plenty of fluids. 如果发烧，就需要大量饮水。
resort
vi.
(fml.) (~ to) do sth. extreme or unpleasant in order to solve a problem 采取，诉诸（不好的事物）
I think we can solve this problem without resorting to legal action. 我认为我们可以不诉诸法律就解决这个问题。
To teach your children to obey, never resort to body punishment. 教孩子服从，千万不可诉诸体罚。 n.
[C] a place where a lot of people go for holidays度假胜地
distract
vt.
get sb.‘s attention and prevent them from concentrating on sth. 分散，转移（注意力） I decided to ignore the rumor as I did not want anything to distract me from writing the paper. 我决定对谣言不予理睬，因为我不希望有任何事打扰我写论文。
allowance
n.
1 (make ~s for) accept behavior that you would not normally accept because you know why sb. has behaved that way 体谅；原谅
You should make allowances for him; he‘s been quite ill recently. 你应该体谅他，他最近身体相当不适。
2 [C, usu. sing.] an amount of money that sb. receives regularly in order to pay for the things they need 定期补贴；津贴
I couldn‘t have managed at college if I hadn‘t had an allowance from my parents. 如果没有我父母的补贴，我根本念不完大学。
transition
n.
[C, U] (fml.) the process of changing from one situation, form, or state to another 过渡；转变；变迁
The health-care system is in tremendous transition at the moment, but unfortunately not all of the changes are positive for patients. 医疗保健系统目前正处于重大转变期，可是很不幸，不是所有的改变都对病人有利。
predict
vt.
say sth. that will happen before it happens 预言；预料；预测
It‘s still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes. 地震的发生仍然无法准确预测。
guideline
n.
[C, usu. pl.] rules or instructions about the best way to do sth. 指导方针；指导原则 The European Union has issued guidelines for appropriate levels of pay for part-time manual workers. 欧盟已发布有关支付兼职体力劳工适当酬劳的指导原则。
version
n. [C]
1 a form of sth. that is different from other forms or from the original 版本；改编形式 The computerized version, which contains all the same information, costs only a 10th of the price of the printed book. 电脑版本包含了印刷本的所有信息，而成本只是印刷本价格的十分之一。
2 a description of sth. that happened according to one person （根据个人的观点对事件的）描述，说法
I am inclined to accept the official version of the many reports about how the events developed after the heavy rain flooded the village. 对大雨淹没村庄后各种事件如何发展的众多报道中，我倾向于接受官方版本的报道。
status
n.
[U] sb.‘s position in a profession or society, esp. compared to other people 社会地位（尤指与其他人相比）
Many wealthy people drive expensive cars as a sign of their high social status. 许多有钱人开昂贵的轿车作为他们社会地位高的标志。
Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high social status. 医生们传统上享有较高的社会地位。
stable
a.
steady and not likely to move or change 稳定的；不变的
After several part-time jobs, he‘s now got a stable job in a bank. 做了几份兼职工作后，他现在在一家银行找到了一份稳定的工作。
boom
vi.
(usu. in progressive) experience a period of economic success, with a lot of trade and business activity （国家、地区或行业）繁荣，迅速发展
Because people have more money to spend and more vacation time to enjoy, the leisure industry in this country is booming. 因为人们有更多的钱消费，有更多的时间休假，这个国家的休闲产业正在蓬勃发展。
apart
ad.
separated by a distance or, less commonly, by time （空间、时间方面）成距离，相间隔 The two men, who had consumed too much alcohol and were now fighting, had to be dragged apart in case they would hurt each other. 两个喝了很多酒的男人在打架，人们不得不把他们拖开，以防他们互相伤害。 a.
separate 分离的；分隔的
We‘ve been apart for too long, but we‘ll soon be together again. 我们已经分开太久，但我们将很快在一起。
implicit
a.
(fml.) forming a central part of sth., but without being openly stated 暗含其中的；不明言的 He interpreted her open comments as an implicit criticism of the government. 他把她的公开评论理解为对政府的含蓄的批评。
considering
prep. & conj.
used to say that you are thinking about a particular fact when you are giving your opinion 考虑到；鉴于
She did well finding her way around the big city, considering she‘d only been there once before. 考虑到她以前只去过那个大城市一次，她能找到路已经很了不起了。
Considering the heavy traffic and the bad weather, we got here quite quickly. 考虑到受堵的交通和糟糕的天气，我们到达这里相当迅速。
contemporary
a.
belonging to the present time 当代的
Although the story was written more than a hundred years ago, it has a contemporary feel to it. 虽然这个故事是一百多年以前写的，但它还是给人一种当代的感觉。
witness
vt.
1 used for saying that sth. happened at a particular time or in a particular place 是发生（某事件）的时间或地点
The modern society has witnessed the increasing phenomenon of the single parent family. 现代社会已目睹了单亲家庭不断增加的现象。
2 see sth. happen, esp. a crime or an accident 目击，亲眼看见（尤指罪行或事故发生） Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack. 几位居民称目击了这个袭击事件。
deceive
vt.
make sb. believe sth. that is not true 欺骗
Advertisers are now forbidden to deceive customers with false claims. 现在已禁止广告商用不实之词来欺骗消费者。
outset
n.
(at/from the ~) at or from the beginning of an event or process 从开头时；从一开始 Many customers have complained that there have been troubles with the new coffee shop right from the outset of its opening day. 很多客人都抱怨这个新咖啡店从开张起就一直麻烦不断。
résumé
n.
[C] (BrE CV) a short written account of your education and your previous jobs that you send to an employer when you are looking for a new job 个人简历
To get only one interview, a college graduate must count on sending out at least one
hundred résumés. 仅为得到一次面试，一个大学毕业生就必须发送至少一百份简历。 She sent her résumé to fifty companies, but didn't even get an interview. 她把她的简历送至五十家公司，但她甚至连面谈的机会都没有。
up-to-date
a.
including all the latest information 包含最新信息的
Great trouble is taken to keep our textbooks up-to-date and keep their information current. 我们费了很大的力气来更新我们的教科书，并保证这些书的信息是最新的。
Radio, TV and the Internet keep us up-to-date with news from all over the world. 电台、电视节目和英特网让我们了解世界各地的的最新新闻。
reinforce
vt.
give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling and make it stronger 加强，强化（观点、思想或感觉）
His rude behavior at the party merely reinforced my previous dislike of him. 他在派对上的粗鲁行为只是增强了我对他以前就有的厌恶感。
Phrases and expressions
acquaint oneself with sth.
make an effort to learn about sth. 使自己了解某事；使自己知悉某事
If you want to travel abroad, it‘s worth your time and effort to acquaint yourself with the customs and social conventions of the countries you plan to visit. 如果你想出国旅行，花些时间和精力去了解你计划去的那些国家的习惯和社会习俗是值得的。
prior to sth.
(fml.) before sth. 在某事之前；先于某事
Although his aunt was gravely ill with cancer, she didn‘t suffer the weeks prior to her death. 虽然他的姑姑患了癌症，病得很重，但她在去世前的几个星期并没有遭受痛苦。
base upon/on
use sth. as the thing from which sth. is developed 以…为基础；以…为根据
These are the key factors for being a successful speaker, and they are based on my own experience. 这些是成为一名成功的演说家的关键因素，是以我自己的经验为基础的。
saddle sb. with sth.
give sb. sth. that is difficult to deal with 使某人承担苦差事；使某人负重担 The company is saddled with debt due to the consequence of an increased cost of production. 生产成本的提高使该公司陷入了债务。
keep a distance from
stay far enough away from sb. or sth. to be safe 保持距离
When driving fast on the highway, you should always keep a distance from the car in front of you to avoid hitting that car. 在高速公路上快速行驶时，应该总是跟前面的车保持一定的距离，以免撞上。
run away from
leave a place, esp. secretly, in order to escape from sb. or sth. （尤指）秘密地逃跑，出逃
Her mother‘s continual criticizing drove her into running away from home. 她母亲不断批评她，促使她离家出走。
get away from
avoid sth. that is difficult or unpleasant, or sth. that limits what one can do in some way 摆脱（困难或不愉快的事，或某种限制）
Playing tennis is good exercise and also allows me to get away from thinking about my work. 打网球是一项很好的运动，它也能让我不去想我的工作。
distract sb. from sth.
take sb.‘s attention away from sth. by making them look at or listen to sth. else 分散（某人的）注意力；使（某人）分心
I decided to ignore the rumor as I did not want anything to distract me from writing the paper. 我决定对谣言不予理睬，因为我不希望有任何事打扰我写论文。
give way to
be replaced by sth. else 被…取代
He was greatly disappointed over his boss‘ decision against giving him a pay raise, and soon his disappointment gave way to anger. 他对老板不给他加薪的决定感到非常失望，很快他的失望变成了愤怒。
apart from
(AmE) in addition to sb. or sth. 除…之外；此外
Apart from the international flight, the children have to pay for their own expenses on the trip. 除了国际航班的飞机票，孩子们必须支付旅行中自己的花费。
have an effect on
make a change that is produced in one person or thing by another 对…产生作用 The radiation leak after the earthquake had a disastrous effect on the people living in the affected area as well as the environment. 地震后的辐射泄漏对居住在受灾地区的人们和灾区环境造成了灾难性的影响。
deceive sb. into doing sth.
trick sb. in order to make them do what you want them to do 欺骗某人做某事
I was in my room reading when the sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking my family had gone out. 我在房间里看书时，关门的声音让我误以为我的家人都出去了。
back off
stop supporting sth., or decide not to do sth. you were planning to do 放弃；退出 Jerry backed off the project when he realized how much work was involved to do a good job completing it. 当杰瑞意识到需要多少工作量才能成功地完成这个项目时，他放弃了。
wonder at
feel surprised and unable to believe sth. 对…感到惊讶
Visitors to mountainous areas tend to wonder at the speed with which the weather can change in such areas. 去山里观光的游客会对这个地区天气变化之快感到诧异。
Unit4
New words
classic
a.
(usu. before noun) admired by many people, and having a value that has continued for a long time 经典的
The Coca-Cola bottle is one of the classic designs of the last century. 可口可乐瓶子是上个世纪的经典设计之一。
romance
n.
1 [C] a story about the love between two people 爱情故事 She is a compulsive reader of romances. 她热衷于阅读爱情故事。
You‘ll be in the joy of creation when writing a children‘s story, a novel, or a romance. 当你写一部儿童故事、一部小说，或一部爱情故事时，你会感受到创作的喜悦。 2 [U] love or a feeling of being in love 爱情；恋爱
Many people believe that marriage is not an ever-lasting romance but like a business. 很多人认为，婚姻不是一个浪漫的结合，而是一种商业的行为。
cute
a.
very pretty or attractive 漂亮的；可爱的
Mathew is so delighted because he‘s got a really cute baby brother. 马修如此高兴是因为他有了一个很可爱的小弟弟。
gaze
vi.
look at sb. or sth. for a long time, giving it all your attention, often without realizing you are doing so （常指无意识地）凝视，盯着看
He spent hours gazing out of the window when he was supposed to be working. 在应该工作的时候，他却茫然地凝视着窗外好几个小时。
weird
a.
(infml.) very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain 古怪的；奇异的 We were a little afraid when we walked into the weird old house, full of creaks and groans. 这座诡异的老房子到处嘎吱作响，我们走进去时有点儿害怕。
cautious
a.
careful to avoid danger or risks 小心的；谨慎的；慎重的
Many scientists are cautious about interpreting function and behavior of ―Black Holes‖. 许多科学家对如何解释―黑洞‖的功能和活动都持谨慎的态度。
dynamic
a.
1 full of energy and new ideas, and determined to succeed 精力充沛的；有创新思想的；志在成功的
He seemed a dynamic and energetic leader. 他似乎是一个充满朝气和活力的领导者。 2 continuously moving or changing 不断移动的；不断变化的
Markets are dynamic and companies must learn to adapt to the constant economic changes. 市场是动态的，公司必须学会适应持续不断的经济变化。
charm
vt.
attract sb. and make them like you, sometimes in order to make them do sth. for you 迷住；吸引
Almost all of the young women in the room were charmed by his boyish manner. 房间里几乎所有的年轻女性都被他那男孩子气的举止迷住了。 n.
[C, U] a special quality sb. or sth. has that makes people like them, feel attracted to them, or be easily influenced by them 魅力；魔力；吸引力；可爱之处
These lovely old towns have a charm you couldn‘t find in the big cities. 这些可爱的老城镇有你在大城市找不到的魅力。
tempt
vt.
try to persuade sb. to do sth. by making it seem attractive 怂恿；利诱
They tempted him to join their company by offering him a large salary and a company car. 他们为他提供高薪和一辆公司的汽车来利诱他加入他们的公司。
tempting
a.
used for describing sth. that makes you feel you would like to have it or do it 诱人的；吸引人的
At first glance, the contract was tempting; however, upon closer examination it became clear that the contract had many problems. 乍一看，合同是诱人的，但仔细检查后发现该合同有许多问题。
reputation
n.
[C] the opinion that people have about sb. or sth. because of what has happened in the past 名誉；名望
The company has a worldwide reputation for quality. 这个公司的质量享誉全球。
superior
a.
better, more powerful, more effective, etc. than a similar person or thing, esp. one that you are competing against 更好的；更强的；更有效的
She got the job because she was the superior candidate. 她得到了此工作，因为她是更好的候选人。
semester
n.
[C] one of the two periods of time that a year at high schools and universities is divided into, esp. in the US （尤指美国中学和大学的）一学期，半学年 the first/second semester 第一/第二学期 the spring/fall semester 春季/秋季学期
stale
a.
1 not interesting or exciting any more 不再有趣的；没有新意的；乏味的
Many marriages might go stale, but not the marriage of her parents. 很多婚姻可能会变得乏味，但她父母的婚姻不会。
2 bread or cake that is stale is no longer fresh or good to eat 不新鲜的
French bread goes stale (= becomes stale) very quickly. 法式面包会很快变得不新鲜。
component
n.
[C] one of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system, etc. 机器、系统等的零件；成分；组成部分
The course has four main components: business law, finance, computing and management skills. 该课程有四个主要组成部分：商务法、金融、计算机和管理技能。
Nutrition is one of the most important components of a healthy body. 营养是一个健康的身体最重要的组成部分之一。
ambitious
a.
determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc. 有抱负的；有雄心大志的；野心勃勃的 She is a very ambitious woman and plans to expand her business as soon as possible. 她是一个很有野心的女人，并计划尽快扩大自己的生意。
sexual
a.
relating to the physical activity of sex 性的；与性（生活）有关的
Many elderly people continue to have a satisfying sexual life. 很多年长者仍继续有着满意的性生活。
superb
a.
extremely good 极好的；出色的；卓越的
Gifted with a superb voice, she became a famous opera singer. 她天生一副好嗓子，成为了一位出名的歌剧演员。
immune
a.
1 (not before noun) not influenced or affected by sth. 不受影响的
Few women were immune to his charm. 很少有女人对他的魅力无动于衷。
Japan was by no means immune from continental influences. 日本决不可能不受到亚洲大陆的影响。
2 safe from a disease, because you cannot be infected by it 免疫的；有免疫力的 Most people who‘ve had chickenpox once are immune to it for the rest of their lives. 大多数曾经出过水痘的人都会终生对水痘有免疫力。
consequently
ad.
as a result 结果；因此；所以
The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded. 雨下得很大，结果土地被水淹没了。
disgust
n.
[U] a strong feeling of dislike, annoyance, or disapproval 厌恶；气愤；反感 I threw the book aside in disgust. 我气愤地把书扔在一边。 A look of disgust came over his face. 厌恶的神色写在了他的脸上。
proceed
vi.
1 (fml.) continue to do sth. that has already been planned or started 继续进行；继续做 The city government was running out of money but was determined to proceed with repairing all of the roads as planned. 市政府的钱快用完了，但政府决定继续按计划修复所有该修的道路。
Before proceeding further, we must clearly define our terms. 我们必须先给术语下定义，然后再继续。
2 move in a particular direction （向某一方向）前进，移动
When the airplane from San Francisco landed in New York, passengers for Madrid were instructed to proceed to gate 26 for boarding. 当从旧金山来的飞机在纽约降落后，去马德里的乘客被要求继续前往26号登机口登机。
lodge
vt.
formally make sth. such as a complaint or claim 正式提出（投诉、要求等） He has a month in which to lodge an appeal. 他在一个月内可提出上诉。
US lodged a formal protest against the arrest of their reporters. 美国提出了正式抗议，反对他们的记者遭到逮捕。 v.
live somewhere temporarily, usu. paying rent to live in sb. else‘s house, or provide sb. with a place to live （通过付住宿费）借住；（为某人）提供住宿
All the travelers lodged in a three-star hotel. 所有的旅客都住在一家三星级的酒店。
behalf
n.
(on one‘s ~ / on ~ of sb.) instead of sb., or as their representative 代表某人 On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all of your excellent
contribution. 我代表整个公司对您所做的卓越贡献表示感谢。
Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today, so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf. 不幸的是，乔治今天不能与我们在一起，所以我很高兴代表他接受这个奖项。
approve
vt.
officially accept a plan, proposal, etc. 批准；认可
The court approved the sale of the property. 法院批准出售这一房产。
We had to wait months for the council to approve our plans to increase the size of the house. 我们得等待数月，等委员会批准我们扩大住房的计划。 vi.
think that sb. or sth. is good, right, or suitable 赞许；赞成；同意
I approve of your trying to make some money, but please don‘t neglect your studies. 我赞成你赚一些钱，但请不要忽视你的学业。
grant
vt.
(fml.) give sb. sth. or allow them to have sth. that they have asked for 给予；准予 The European Union could grant Spain‘s request for financial assistance. 欧盟可能会同意西班牙提出的有关提供财政援助的要求。
I would love to be able to grant her wish. 我很想能够满足她的愿望。
If a government does not want a person to enter the country, it can refuse to grant that person a visa. 如果一个政府不希望某个人进入该国，可以拒绝给予那个人发放签证。 The authorities at the consulate have refused to grant him a visa to visit the U.S. 领馆当局一直拒绝给他发放访美的签证。 n.
[C] an amount of money given to sb., esp. by the government, for a particular purpose （尤指政府发给的）补助金，拨款
He was awarded a grant which enabled him to successfully finish his research at the university. 他获得了政府发的补助金，这使他能够成功地完成他在大学的研究。
coordinate
vt.
organize the different parts of a job or plan so that the people involved work together
effectively 调节；协调
A senior embassy official is coordinating efforts to free the captives. 大使馆的一位高级官员正在协调各方为释放俘虏所作的努力。
core
n.
[C] the most important or most basic part of sth. 最重要（或最基本）的部分；核心 The lack of government funding is at the core of the problem. 缺乏政府拨款是问题的核心。
deserve
vt.
1 have earned sth. by good or bad actions or behavior 应得，应受到（奖赏或惩罚） People who confront their difficulties bravely are people who deserve respect. 勇于面对困难的人是值得尊敬的人。
I think we deserve a rest after all that hard work. 做了这么多辛苦的工作后，我想我们应该休息一下了。
2 if a suggestion, idea, or plan deserves consideration, attention, etc., it is good enough to be considered, paid attention to, etc.（建议、观点或计划）值得考虑、注意等
The suggestions that you have put forward deserve serious consideration. 你提出的建议值得认真考虑。
liberty
n.
1 [sing.] sth. you do without asking permission, esp. which may offend or upset sb. else 擅自的行为；冒犯的举动；放肆的行为
It would be taking too much of a liberty if one of my friends used my house while I was away. 如果我不在时，我的一个朋友用了我的房子，那就太过分了。
2 [U] the freedom and the right to do whatever you want without asking permission or being afraid of authority 自由；自由权
He firmly believes that liberty is inseparable from social justice. 他坚定地认为，自由与社会公正是分不开的。
display
vt.
clearly show a feeling, attitude, or quality by what you do or say 显示，显露（某种情感、
态度或特质）
She displayed no emotion on the witness stand. 她在证人席上面无表情。 n.
[C] an arrangement of things for people to look at or buy 展览；陈列；展示
There is a display of photos of the theater from its early days in the lobby. 大厅里展出了剧院早期的照片。
disapprove
vi.
think that sb. or their behavior, ideas, etc. are bad or wrong 不赞同；反对
He was certain that she would disapprove of his plan to spend the summer doing research at the North Pole. 他很肯定她会反对他利用暑假在北极做研究的计划。
I knew my parents would disapprove, but I went anyway. 我知道我父母会反对，但我还是去了。
palm
n.
[C] (also ~ tree) a tropical tree which grows near beaches or in deserts, with a long straight trunk and large pointed leaves at the top 棕榈树
weave
v. (wove, woven)
1 put many different ideas, subjects, stories, etc. together and connect them smoothly 编造（故事等）
The author weaves a complicated plot of romance and intrigue in her new novel. 作者在她的新小说里编造了复杂的故事情节，充满浪漫和阴谋。
2 make cloth, a carpet, a basket, etc. by crossing threads or thin pieces under and over each other by hand or on a loom 织；编织
This type of wool is woven into a fabric which will make jackets. 这种类型的羊毛被织成了做夹克的面料。
Only a few of the women still know how to weave. 只有很少的妇女还知道如何编织。
blur
n.
[C, usu. sing.] sth. that you cannot remember clearly 模糊的记忆；记不清的事情
I was hurt badly, and the day after the accident went by in a blur. 我受了重伤，出事的那天只剩下一片模糊的记忆。 v.
become difficult to see, or make sth. difficult to see, because the edges are not clear （使）模糊；（使）看不清
The street lights were blurred by the fog. 街灯在迷雾的笼罩中变得昏暗了。
kneel
vi.
(also ~ down) (knelt, knelt) be in or move into a position where your body is resting on your knees 跪着；跪下
She knelt down on the grass to examine a flower. 她跪在草地上仔细观察一朵花。
propose
v.
ask sb. to marry you, esp. in a formal way （尤指正式向某人）求婚
I still remember the night your father proposed to me. 我仍记得你父亲向我求婚的那天晚上。 vt.
(fml.) suggest sth. as a plan or course of action 提议；建议
I propose delaying our decision until the next meeting. 我建议将我们的决定推迟到下次的会议。
confess
v.
admit sth. that you feel embarrassed about 承认（使自己尴尬的事情）
I have to confess (that) when I first met Ian I didn‘t think he was very bright. 我必须承认，当我第一次见到伊恩时，我并不认为他非常聪明。
I found it all very confusing; I must confess. 我发现这一切都非常令人困惑，我必须承认。 The director confessed that he himself was puzzled by the company's losses. 导演承认他自己对公司遭受的损失感到迷惑。
When asked how he liked the movie, Jack confessed to having slept through most of the film. 当杰克被问到他对这部电影的评价时，他承认大部分时间他都在睡觉。
knot
n. [C]
1 a part where one or more pieces of string, rope, cloth, etc. have been tied or twisted together （线、绳、布等打成的) 结
It is not easy for small children to learn how to tie a knot in their shoelaces. 小孩子学习如何系鞋带并不容易。
Are you any good at tying knots? 你擅长打结吗？
Thread the string through the hoop and tie it in a knot. 把线从环上穿过，并打成结。 2 a tight uncomfortable feeling in your stomach, etc., caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger （恐惧、愤怒等导致的）紧张（感） Her stomach was in knots. 她的心揪得紧紧的。
pessimistic
a.
expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result 悲观的；悲观主义的
Due to the economic slowdown, the tone of the meeting was very pessimistic. 由于经济衰退，这次会议的基调非常悲观。
faithful
a.
remaining loyal to a particular person, belief, political party, etc. and continuing to support them （对某人、信念、政党等）忠诚的，忠实的
His faithful old dog accompanied him everywhere he went. 他所到之处，都有他那条忠实的老狗陪伴着。
honeymoon
n.
[C] a holiday taken by two people who have just got married 蜜月
Many couples take a honeymoon, a one-to-two-week trip, to celebrate their marriage. 许多新人会去度蜜月，即一到两个星期的度假旅行，以庆祝他们的婚姻。
In the U.S., Niagara Falls is a traditional and popular honeymoon destination for
newly-weds (just married couples). 在美国，尼加拉大瀑布是一个传统与流行的新婚夫妇的蜜月地。
commence
v.
(fml.) begin or start sth. 开始；着手
Construction of the new bridge will commence as soon as our company receives the down payment for this large project. 我们公司一收到这个大项目的首期付款，就会马上开始新桥梁的建设。
We will commence building work in August of next year. 我们将在明年8月开始兴建工作。
bloom
vi.
if a plant or a flower blooms, its flowers appear or open 开花；（花）盛开
The plant has a beautiful orange flower, which blooms in May every year. 这种植物在每年的五月都会开出一种美丽的橙色花朵。
Phrases and expressions
head for
go or travel toward a particular place, esp. in a deliberate way （朝…）前进；（向…）去 The ship was heading for Cuba, an island country in the Caribbean. 船只正航向古巴，它是一个位于加勒比海的岛国。
gaze at
look at sb. or sth. with one‘s eyes fixed at sth. often without knowing （常指无意识地）凝视，盯着看
He was standing on the bridge gazing down at the river beneath. 他站在桥上，双眼凝视着桥下的河。
stare at
look at sth. or sb. with eyes widely open for a long time without moving 凝视；盯着看 In many cultures, it‘s rude to stare at people. 在许多文化中，直愣愣地盯着人看是粗鲁的行为。
by accident
in a way that is not planned or intended 偶然；意外地
The trigger of the gun must be locked so that it cannot be fired by accident. 枪的发射扳机必须被锁住，这样就不会意外地擦枪走火。
pretend to do sth.
behave as if sth. is true when in fact you know it is not 假装…；装作…
I didn‘t pretend to be an expert on the subject because I must be honest. 我没假装我是这方面的专家，因为我必须诚实。
come over sb.
if a feeling comes over you, it suddenly affects you in a strong way （某种感情）突然攫住，突然影响
A wave of sleepiness came over me. 一阵倦意向我袭来。
immune to
not affected by sth. 不受…影响的；对…有免疫力的
Most people who‘ve had chickenpox once are immune to it for the rest of their lives. 大多数曾经出过水痘的人都会终生对水痘有免疫力。
go along with sb./sth.
agree with or support sb. or sth. 同意；支持
Kate‘s already agreed to visit my parents, but it‘s going to be harder persuading Mike to go along with it. 凯特已经同意去看望我的父母，但要说服迈克也同意会更难。
expel sb. from sth.
officially force sb. to leave a school or organization （从学校或组织中正式）开除 Each year more than 10 students are expelled from the university for cheating on their exams. 每年有超过10名学生因为考试作弊被该大学开除。
proceed to sth.
if you proceed to the next part of an activity, job, etc., you do or take part in the next part of it 进而做（参加）某事（活动）
He accepted my invitation and then proceeded to the comment that people shouldn‘t own cars because they damage the environment. 他接受了我的邀请，然后继续他的评论：人们不应该拥有汽车，因为汽车会破坏环境。
take the liberty of doing sth.
do sth. without permission 擅自做某事
I hope you won‘t mind that I took the liberty of booking theater seats for us. 我希望你不会介意我擅自给我们预订了剧院的座位。