这项工业的发展要经过几年的时间。 (2)[C]开发区, 新社区

a new housing development 新建住宅区 (3) [C]进化,进展；新情况,新闻 What are the latest developments?

The use of computers in teaching is a recent development. 教学上使用计算机是新近才有的事.

10. Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land. late adj. 迟到的，晚的；前任的；以前的；已故的

later adv. 后来，较晚时候,过后 adj. late的比较级(更迟的,更后的) latest adj. 最新的

lately adv. =recently 近来

1) Mr. Zhu Rongji is the late Prime Minister of China. 2) He is often late for school.

3) She said she would ring you later this morning. 4) Have you heard about the latest news?

5) It’s only lately that she has been well enough to go out.

11. When the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. She is growing into a beautiful young woman. 她渐渐出落成一个美丽的姑娘。

生长成为,渐渐成为或变得…（不用于被动语态）

12. They produced young generally by laying eggs. It’s generally believed that…一般认为… generally speaking 一般而言，概括来说

1) It’s generally believed that girls work harder than boys do. 2) Generally speaking, women cry more easily than men.

动词 lie lie lay 过去式 lay lied laid 过去分词 lain lied laid 现在分词 Lying Lying laying 意义 躺，位于 撒谎 搁、放、下蛋

The naughty boy ___ to me that the hen that ___ there just now had___ two eggs the day before. A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid

13. Small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. vi. 散布, 传播，蔓延, 伸展，扩展 vt. 铺开，摊开

1) The news spread through the school very quickly.

2) There’s a desert spreading for hundreds of miles. 3) He spread out his arms to welcome us. 4) I spread a new cloth on the table.

14. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 阻止某人做某事 :

prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. Keep sb. From doing sth.

1) We must prevent them from making trouble.

2) You should prevent the child from injuring himself. If nothing prevents, … 如果没有什么阻碍的话 , …

15. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

相信，信赖, 依靠,依赖, 视…而定，取决于

1) When you are in a strange place you’d better depend on the map. 2) You can’t depend on others to help you.

3) All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 4) He depends on his pen for his living.

5) You can depend on him. He’ll lead you there. 6) Success depends on your own hard work.

7) Our success depends on whether everyone works hard. depend on it 没问题，请放心（句末或句首） That /It (all) depends. 那得看情况而定 1) Depend on it, you’ll succeed.

2) He may support me, but it depends .

Tell him what you want to say; he’s a man to __. A. count B. believe C. trust D. depend 解析:相信/信赖某人: count on sb. believe in sb. depend on sb. trust (in) sb. make watch wonder be cool multiply begin exist explode Where do we come from? How did the universe __________ ? When we _______ the stars through the telescope, we _________ why the universe ________ . After the “Big Bang” ,the earth ______ just a cloud of energetic dust. Somehow it _________ loudly with fire and rock, which ______ the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth _______ down water _______ to appear on its surface, which was important for the beginning of life. Then living things __________ on the earth.

for Reading(P30)

1. cheer up : 欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴，使高兴。 当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。

_____________________ when they saw the team arrive.(The crowd cheered up) 他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。

He took her _____________ to ____________. (to the concert; cheer her up)

2. watch …do/doing :观看，注视 我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。 We _____________________ behind the trees.

(watched the sun setting)每一天当他们看到植物生长，他们的心里都充满了希望。

Every day as they __________________ , their hearts filled with hope.(watched the plant grow) 3. now that :既然，由于

既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。

_________________________, we can begin the meeting. (Now that everybody is here) 由于你是一个大男孩,你就必须行为表现得更好. _______________________, you must behave better. (Now that you are a big boy) 4. We watched amazed as fire broke out

on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.

amazed 是过去分词，此处做状语用 他进来的时候没有人注意到.

He came in _________ . (unnoticed)break out (战争,争吵,疾病等)爆发在深夜,突然有人吵架. _________________ suddenly at midnight.

六、背景参考资料(Background knowledge)

Ⅰ The planets in the solar system

1. The Sun is a star - it is not a planet. It is the only star we see during the daytime. The Sun

measures more than a million kilometers across. It's center is about 15 million degrees Celsius. It is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium.

The Sun's energy is produced by nuclear fusion reactions. It generates 386 billion megawatts of energy!

2. Mercury is a small, rocky planet.

Scientists think that there may be volcanic activity on Mercury, but they aren’t sure. The temperature on Mercury ranges from 90 K to 700 K. It was once believed that there was no water on Mercury, but this turned out to be false. Recent radar information shows evidence of ice at Mercury's north pole! The ice hasn't melted because it is protected from the Sun's heat by shadows of some craters.

3. Venus is a small, rocky planet blanketed in a thick layer of yellowish clouds. These clouds are

not made of water. Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric acid. It’s surface is about 400 degrees Celsius, so is too hot for rain to form.

4. Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life!

Temperatures at the Earth's center may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! The Earth is the densest major body in the solar system. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion years old. The Earth is orbited by one moon.

5. Mars is a small, rocky planet which is cold and lifeless.

Mars has permanent ice caps at both poles made up mostly of solid carbon dioxide. We know this as \planet for months! Mars has two tiny moons which orbit very close to the surface.

6. Jupiter is a giant gas planet which is made up of about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium. Jupiter

is so big that you could cram 1,000 Earths inside of it! It is thought that Jupiter's \Spot\ Jupiter has 16 known moons!

7. Saturn is a giant gas planet which is made up of about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. It's

most famous for its thousands of beautiful rings. It's rings are made up mostly of water ice, but they may also include rocky particles with icy coatings. Saturn is made up of materials which are lighter than water. If placed in a big pond, Saturn would float much like an ice cube does in a glass of water. Saturn has 18 known moons - more than any other planet!

8. Uranus is a giant gas planet which is made up of mostly rock and various ices. Uranus has 15

known moons. Voyager 2 discovered 10 small moons in addition to the 5 large ones already known.

9. Neptune is a giant gas planet which is most likely made up of various \

Neptune has been visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Aug 25 1989. Almost everything we know about Neptune comes from this one visit. It has 8 known moons.

10. Most of the Moon's surface is covered with a mixture of fine dust and rocky debris .The Moon

has no atmosphere. But evidence suggests that there may be water ice in some deep craters near the Moon's south pole. Most rocks on the surface of the Moon seem to be between 4.6 and 3 billion years old. The gravitational forces between the Earth and the Moon cause some interesting effects. The most obvious is our ocean tides.

Ⅱ About black holes (1) After almost 30 years of arguing that a black hole swallows up everything that falls into it, British astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking moved backward last week.

The world-famous writer of \wrong.

\to it,\said Hawking. \black hole only appears to form but later opens up and set free information about what fell inside. So we can be sure of the past and can predict the future.\

The findings could help solve the \hole information paradox（似是而非的观点）\an important puzzle in modern physics.

A black hole is an area in space where matter is under such pressure that even light can not escape from its gravitational pull(引力). But, exactly what happens there has long puzzled scientists.

Black holes occur when a powerful star burns up its nuclear fuel and gravity forces it to break